 Awesome. I think we can get started. How's everybody doing today? So far so good already got lunch Coffee so you don't fall asleep during this next session All right. Well, let's get started My name is Charles a coach you I am the worldwide business development manager for our Amazon managed blockchain service and quantum ledger database So I've been with AWS now for about three years and I've you know, also worked previously at a cryptocurrency hedge funds and also in fintech So today I want to talk to you guys about building enterprise applications using Amazon managed blockchain service So let me first of all dive into how we at AWS think of blockchain Blockchain obviously is a technology that everybody is it's been Very very popular lots of companies are trying to find out the specific use cases on how to use blockchain and how to when you know what when is a good use case for blockchain and technically yet usually we have like two different types of What we call ledger technologies that we support the first is you know When you have like a centralized trust and in that case we've discovered that there are a lot of customers who think they want blockchain, but technically what they want is a System of record a centralized system record with an immutable ledger and they want but they don't want the information to be Distributed among these other parties and they want to have you know manage that data by themselves But they still want an immutable Immutable ledger so in that case we have a service called Amazon quantum ledger database Which is a fully managed service that makes it easy to create and you know and provide a centralized ledger technology for managing data and this slide here shows how QLDB works tech ideally what happens is data is fed in and it's fed into a Journal which is a immutable journal and that information is stored in a sequence It's cryptographic Database and it just same way as it stored on a blockchain and then the data is now Provided to customers in a you know in a in a view called the current state view and an index view So it gives you the ability to look at versions of of history in the application So we see a lot of use cases for this particular type of database From customers who like the Department of Motor Vehicles in the US the DVLA here in in the UK and for a lot of customers. This is a good enough Solution for a immutable ledger without having to use a blockchain solution. So then we also have Decentralized trust ledgers with decentralized trust with this type of technologies It's more suited for companies that have complex workflows. If you're you know, you want you have like different number customers who want to interact with each other in a trustless fashion and And for for these type of companies there are multi-party We look think think of solution applications like supply chain Decentralized identity use cases this works best and for that, you know, that's where we see blockchain being a good use case and we all we have a service called the Amazon Managed Blockchain, which is a solution that offers the ability to build and run Any blockchain framework tech currently we support Amazon The hyper ledger fabric as well as manage Ethereum nodes So it's very easy to kind of build on our AWS platform It's you know, if you're trying to build a hyper ledger based network rather than having to build all the nodes and you know Yourself it's easy to kind of run in the application focus on building your core business application and running the network on on our platform So I'm going to dive in briefly into blockchain fundamentals. So first of all One of the things that we've seen from customers is they've reached out to us and said they want a way to independently verify Transactions, they don't necessarily want to run the applications on their own they want us to manage the build of the data set of the of the blockchain network and Currently the approaches that are used are focused on building the nodes in managing it it's very very Difficult to do that for most customers. So what we've come up with is a way to build a infrastructure I know using our AWS services to build infrastructure to allow customers kind of focus on their core business applications While we handle all of the undifferentiated heavy lifting of the of the blockchain So in this case, you know one of the things that blockchain offers is it helps you build Trust in a network and eliminates the need for a central authority and for most blockchains, you know, there are three main components one is The distributed ledger the consensus mechanism and smart contracts. So together these components provide Immutable and trust and enables multi-party transactions without a centralized authority So the first layer is the smart, you know, there's the distributed ledger, which I talked about And then you have the consensus mechanism, which I'll go into more details and also smart contracts So the first is the distributed ledger. So ledgers are typically used to record a history of economic and financial activity and many many organizations, you know like want to build a ledger like functionality because they want to maintain an accurate history of the applications and You know and for a sample for supply chain or tracking of credits And in the blockchain the ledger is shared and it's trusted and and it's a you know And everyone know what no single user has control over the over the ledger and every node on the in the blockchain Replicates a date copy of the ledger and now the way it does that is using a consensus Mechanism which form the backbone of the blockchain and it helps all the nodes in the network to verify the transactions and that they're different, you know types of Consensus protocols, obviously, you know Bitcoin which is the grandfather of all blockchains. We this proof of proof of Work and some of the newer blockchains use proof of stake for or proof of authority depending on what you which blockchain network You're using and so this this is kind of from our perspective, you know, we feel that we want to run blockchain networks that are energy efficient and are also environmentally Stable so currently we don't support Bitcoin, but that's going to change over the next, you know in the next few months we supported therium and we also support hyper ledger fabric and The last but not least is the smart contract, which is business logic that resides on the blockchain and Smart logic, you know smart contracts are simply applications or programs that are written in code that can be executed, you know In a decentralized manner on the network so So currently as I said before the challenges that customers have reached out to us that it faces, you know The fact that setting up a blockchain network is hard When you're thinking of adding new members or you're growing or growing your ledger It becomes very hard to scale and it becomes more complicated to manage You know when you're managing the security the governance Billing and also expensive we've seen that a lot of customers who are running their blockchains tend to initially start running it on Bare metal or hardware and they have to manage all the components Associated with running that blockchain, you know trying to run an open-source blockchain network is not isn't it's not an easy task So the service that we offer overseas our Amazon manage blockchain Which is a fully managed service that makes it easy to create Managed scalable networks and currently we offer like I said before two main frameworks one of them is the Hyperledger fabric and also at the manager terium and we also support three of the popular test nets Which is a ring could be? Robstein and girly on our on our platform So the core here the core features so this slide here shows how easy easy it is to get started It's in what I want to stress here is you know a lot of cut, you know We've seen based on customer feedback that one of the beauty You know customers running Ethereum for instance they're able to get a blockchain network running if you tried running say an Ethereum node It takes about 24 to 48 hours to get a fully managed Ethereum node up and running we're able to get the nodes up and running our Ethereum nodes within an hour and also when it comes to creating a Hyperledger fabric network and you know having with the consortium setup it the governance features of The current open source implementations are you know, it's kind of honor us to kind of invite members to join So we offer a you know governance Platform that allows you to invite members or you know create a voting mechanism to allow people to join in and leave the network and the also other thing is we Use for our ordering service we leverage our own go journal database instead of using raft or Kafka, which is Someone can you know, it's easy for somebody to break into or an administrator to break into a Kafka based network or a raft network and inject messages, so we use Qldb technology, which is based on journal. It's an internal solution that's used within AWS to Control or manage the ordering service on on on our blockchain The other thing obvious other feature here is it's you know, it's low-cost You only pay for what you need to use and you can scale up and scale down as you Grow as you decide to and it's also integrated with AWS services I think I've already showed the slide before so again, I want to talk briefly about the two protocols that we support obviously And when to use them If you are running on a hyper ledger, you know, it's ideally ideal for permission networks And you know, this is great for applications that need privacy and access controls The use hlf and where you have a need to have transparency of data across all members hyper ledger And I think it might be a better use case And so we see a lot of use cases with banks and financial institutions that want to run trade and claring and seven settlement applications for loyalty point solutions We see a lot of use cases, which I'm going to share over as we go along and So the other question we get a lot is who owns the network Even though we run the app like we run the online blockchain. We don't control the data We make it possible for customers to kind of run the applications and they're able to invite other members or remove members within the Configuration and each member pays for their resources We don't we don't get access to the data because we kind of keep a separation in terms of controls over use of the Who owns the network? So one of the things that we do to augment the hyper ledger fabric as I said before is the Component components of the fabric network to guarantee delivery on order instead of using Kafka raft We leverage our KLDB journal DB Solution to provide additional durability and reliability and we can guarantee that you know if you're running operating a blockchain network part of the value proposition is You want to make sure that no one has tampered with the data and what we've seen is from our experience, it's possible to actually modify the underlying raft protocols or Kafka which is what the legacy blockchain open source network uses so we leverage a Amazon KLDB technology to increase that durability and also our certificate authority uses a soft HSM and Last one of these views that we leverage our key management services to secure the certificate authority service and Generally, you know you might on the play the importance of this but from our perspective we see that a lot of implementations managing the keys for a traditional blockchain network using open source can be very onerous I mean we've seen one use case where a bank central bank tried to build a central bank digital currency application and They launched and about a year later all of the keys expired and they were not able to all the tokens were you know worthless at that point, so We kind of feel that using our key management service and also our soft HSM that we provide Allows you to ensure that keys get generated and the certificates get renewed Automatically without you know you having to manage that aspect of it So in terms of pricing we do offer as I said before a pay-as-you-go with no upfront costs and you know They're to get before pricing dimensions One is a network membership fee, which is per hour and and also the second dimension is the data That's transferred across between members That's paid written per gigabit and then you have like pier knows that you provision per hour and also not sorry So those are the kind of the four main pricing dimensions and we've done a lot of work of Managing and pricing for different members so customers don't have to do anything now if you're starting out building a plot building a Application, you know, we'd recommend using our start edition, which is useful small tests and production networks using very small instant sizes and we provision this for you know beta test environments and Also, and then once you're at the point where you built out the POC you want to move to a production network We offer a standard edition which is for production based network in addition to that we also offer Credits to allow customers who are looking to build applications on on our blockchain to test it out to try to make sure they Can you know they're happy with the service before they move forward and one of the things that we have seen like from customers who Leveraged our blockchain service. We find that it's up to 75% cheaper than running it yourself on on EC2 So there's a lot of value proposition. We have lots of customers like you know, which I'll show some of the customer stories who've tried doing it building your own Hyperledge of fabric networks, for instance, and you know or Ethereum networks, and they found it much cheaper to leverage our managed solution so let me talk briefly about a few customer stories one of them is Nestle and Nestle about a two a year and a half ago built a Supply chain asset tracking system to track coffee from the farm all the way to the Store and you know the the idea was to kind of keep track of You know basic ESG type feature Metrics like carbon water footprint and they were able to track where the coffee was grant was Produce the lot and track it all the way from the roasting the grading all the way to the store so you can actually Scan a QR code on the coffee bag and it will tell you how long and where the coffee came from You know the origin the original where the way was farmed and also it can also give you the gift gives them more Information as to where they're seeing delays in their supply chain network And so this is something that they've launched out of Australia and they're now beginning to expand it across Other parts of the world so you're gonna be seeing more of this and this was built with our professional services team within three months So this is one great use case for supply chain another use case that we wanted to share is Sony music and this they built a digital rights management solution on On our Amazon managed blockchain solution they were able to use it for participants to share and verify information and if you look at the legacy implementation, you know, there was a lot of Contracts flowing back and forth between the originators of of the content, you know the people who the artists and and authors of you know music or any digital rights and The the paper flow was very very complex and they were able to use the blockchain to kind of provide a decentralized platform for publishers and artists to actually Leverage this solution for for managing their digital rights and ensuring they get paid in a timely fashion and One of the benefits, you know, it helps to simplify the complex contract workflow it helped them reduce management and labor costs and each Member of the network can now update and an immutable data set of contracts. So looking at all of the Music contracts, you know that that have been written, you know keeping track of who owns what and also when say the musician dies and hands over the the The copyrights to their descendants or you know benefactors keeping track of all that so Sony music, you know in Japan is actively using that and those are recent Change in there in the copyright regulation in Japan, they also going to be leveraging NFTs for for managing those that those rights And then the other solution I was going to talk about was the Singapore exchange and Singapore exchange is a you know leading multi-asset exchange in Asia Provides like listing and trading and clearing the settlement. So they actually built the original implementation on-prem using traditional open source Hyperledger and when they were moving into the cloud, they you know decided they were going to test out our platform and Primarily the main use case was for To help with codifying rights and obligation for digital assets for a digital end-to-end marketplace and also To allow for into bank transfers into bank transactions between member banks for clearing and settlements of trades so they were able to Move the existing implementation that were running on their on-prem onto a blockchain within of all of the smart contract code The chain code everything got migrated within two months into Blockchain and we resulted in About 60% savings on their part So they've been using this and they're actually moving on to the next stage in the implementation Which would be beyond for cross-border settlements not just within Singapore, but across Asia So that's a very successful use case and they're using it for clearing and settlements of assets on for Singapore so we have a bunch of other use cases that we have for customers and Like the DTCC for clearing and settlements liberty mutuals using for claims processing We have help direct for health care a lot of use cases there in health care And so if you are interested, you know, I'm definitely open you can reach out to me We have a booth upstairs you can talk more about these cases I've tried to kind of speak through as quickly as possible because I know I have like 15 20 minutes And I also want to leave room for questions So if you're interested in learning more about our services, you can go to our Amazon landing page And also you can look at qldb amazon.com slash qldb So I'm gonna leave room. Do we have any time for questions? All right any questions on our services Yes Yes Yeah, we do have the option to store in a in a private hsm But we also have the obviously cloud hsm service on AWS that can be leveraged for that But to simplify it for most customers who are just focused on Focus on the business value of the application and they don't want to deal with the hsm or you know managing key Recycling we just made it easy for customers to just launch and then you know and again like the use case I explained to you the the bank in South America who they built out an entire central bank digital currency application using an open source Hyperledge implementation, you know They they left out having to you know manage the key recycling and that you know You don't worry about it until a year later when the key start to expire and at that point, you know You start running into issues. So we've made it very very easy. We try to you know, lift reduce the Yeah We provide like a SDK us, you know the API to allow you to manage it and but sounds like this kind of problem You're having we can definitely help you with that. So look you can talk to me after this meeting So That's a very good question So your question you're asking is if Amazon is planning on having, you know a training and certification path for for blockchain The answer to that question is yes, we're actively working on that not just for Internal because obviously Finding blockchain talent is very difficult. We have it, you know, we're hiring developers and and Professional teams to help in in helping customers implement their you know So we actually have a program like a what we call blockchain Academy, which you know will be released and allow not just customers but also individuals and partners to get through a to get a you know competency a blockchain competency But right now that's still in progress. Obviously, we're going to be covering hyper ledger F-terium and over the next six months. There are a few more blockchain protocols that are going to be out So we're planning on releasing a training agenda for that because that's a that's a big part of you know Increasing the rate of adoption for blockchain services. So, yeah, that's something that's now pipeline Charles you mentioned that Yes, so we are getting a lot of inbound from customers looking to use hyper ledger based which is private Ethereum as you know Yeah Yeah, so there there is there are plans to support it Let me right now we do the way we support the hyper ledger base who is you know We work with partners like Kaleido to offer an offer, you know offer even though they don't have a managed service on AWS they do have a what we call a quick start or a On our APN so you can go on to our marketplace, which is the Amazon partner network marketplace and you can click on the hyper ledger their hyper ledger base who and Launch a Kaleido node. So that's something that we currently offer today But looking at having it as a managed service is something that it's it's probably gonna be in our own I can't go into too much details, but we're looking we are looking to support at least six new blockchains over the next We don't support current current is on on consensus, but there's also consensus They're on on the on the marketplace as well. So for the for for networks that we currently don't Have as a managed service We basically give them the option we partner with them and also they're because there are a lot of use cases an example is the Global Rockstar use case where we built a music NFT platform on Ethereum, you know, they build we work they work with our professional services But they also wanted the ability to run gasless transactions or low-cost transactions So we actually partnered with polygon for instance to allow them mint assets on polygon and then Provide a way to using ZK relops to transfer those assets from cross-chain from polygon back into a theory So that's an example, but yeah, we have at least six blockchains that I think we're going to add to that list over the next So you're asking if we see any challenges towards To proof of stake For fun enough, it's a good thing you asked that question. So we have a lot of customers who are running Ethereum nodes today, or you know, and they're asking us to provide validate validation services Most of the customers who are currently running at there I'm one of the value propositions that we offer is they don't have to worry about updating So all of our networks all of our customers. I mean One thing a lot we don't know is like most almost 40% of all the Ethereum nodes that are running in the globally right now running on AWS So most of our customers who are running Ethereum nodes today don't have to worry about anything like the entire Upgrade process is going to be handled by our service team and everything gets done without them having to worry about So we're we're closely tracking them the updates are coming that's coming up over the next few days It's it's seamless So we say it's a gradual rollout because yet it's important to ensure that none of the nodes You know is out of is up is out of date So, you know because we want to make sure that we're keeping track So as new updates are happening like for instance, we recently updated The girly testnet, you know to support that about two three months ago And as you know the other networks Robstein and will be taken down So as that's happening we manage that and if you were running it those nodes yourself You have to remember to go update it, you know when so we just take away all of that stuff You know and so we're actually seeing a lot of adoption, you know, we are offering You know credits for customers who are trying who want to try it out network And a lot of them are seeing the benefits of using our platform because they don't have to worry about all of the updates that come You know all rollbacks have happened Yeah, just get a notification that your nodes been updated and that's it So 40% of your There are some percentages of that 40 that are self-managed So customers decide they want to run an Ethereum node they go launch easy to instances But when you see that, you know the cost of running it yourself You actually save money by running it on it on our managed service It's a no-brainer unless you have money to burn so most companies are that are using it for Events streaming so streaming events out of the Ethereum network things like smart contract data or Token data are using, you know, they just focus on Building on top of the on the nodes and they don't want to worry about managing network They want a stable And that's kind of the other reason why we're seeing a lot of inbound for to run valid data nodes because If you think about the way, you know proof-of-stake works if you if your node goes down for any reason You get penalized so you you stake 32 ether and if you if you're running those nodes You lose electricity lose internet connectivity or anything happens. You start getting penalized and so for them They just want to have a staking physical node staking service And they just want to deposit their wallet and ensure that during that time period while it's being validated While it's running it stays as stable as possible so they don't get penalized So that's kind of why we're seeing a lot of adoption of our service because we provide, you know Pretty stable to me where we're pretty stable in terms of How our infrastructure compared to some of the other blockchains, and I'm not gonna name names obviously so Yeah Yeah, so like he's he as he said if you are running an existing legacy Ethereum node and you need to update when the time comes You have to if you're running EC to you have to go in and actually Update it go on GitHub update it yourself if you're running a managed on service You just get a notification. It's been done and that's the end of So obviously when you're running a node it's running within a specific availability zone and a specific region so most of our customers run Across multiple regions so we support about four or five regions right now across the globe So, you know we their customers who run maybe you know two nodes per region and ensure that they're able to load balance traffic Across all those regions so any region goes down or there's any issue in any specific Availability zone or region they can still continue to service their customers Outside of you know different region because I ultimately because the blockchain network the data is the same, right? It's the data. It's all replicated across all the nodes. So it doesn't really matter Where the data is coming from unless you're latency sensitive But for the most part, that's how most of our customers build their infrastructure It's still very hard to understand Yes So you're asking your question was relating to health care data and Whether Amazon has a position in terms of how the data gets stored and from our perspective Obviously, most of our services are built for to for HIPAA. I don't know if you guys, you know If you're based on yes, no HIPAA compliance is but I said to you previously Because the blockchain is immutable There's some I mean, it's great for storing data, you know, obviously that you don't want to be changed But if because the blockchain itself is immutable, right? If you have a requirement to at some point say delete the data like, you know You might decide that as a patient you don't want your data with a specific medical if it's immutable It's hard to do that. So generally the Reference architecture is trying to not store PHI data on the blockchain because it's there might be a requirement like here in the in Europe There's a GDPR which is which has a privacy laws or that require you to Erase the data after a certain time period or you the patient can decide to ask for the data to be raised So the methodology that we recommend and we've seen a lot of health care life sciences companies who are deploying on AWS is to store the the actual data on you know s3 which is a Object store and then store the hash and the location on the blockchain And then you might put the patient ID information that way you don't have any PHI information like the patient name last name The social security card or any of that information on the blockchain But you do have a reference to the location and you could because you're storing the hash of the Patient information that's on on the s3 you can guarantee that that data has not been tampered with and you're gonna also enable What we call up s3 object lock which ensures that the data can be you know You can create a life cycle to show the data can be deleted based on whatever regulatory Compliance frameworks that you find yourself So that's generally what we see in industry. I mean there's also going to be another Session tomorrow on health care That's gonna be hosted here. So you might recommend you attend that session How much time do we have left? They were Any other questions? Okay If you have a life cycle management solution in place and you store the hash in the blockchain at some point You expect the data to be erased off s3 once that's done you can try to reference it But it's not going to be available It's just not going to exist in what the object doesn't exist in So it doesn't really matter, you know You might still have the hash and also the hash is a much smaller target data that can be stored on the blockchain because Technically you don't store large blobs of information on the blockchain you store Specific data you don't sport images or videos on a blockchain you would store it, you know If you look at the way NFTs work today the NFT the actual image underlying image or asset is stored on IPFS Or on s3 not on the blockchain except, you know, very very Yes, that's that's also the smart approach because trying to store data on the blockchain Okay, I have one more question and then we're done go ahead On what what's the question? Shots fired. Okay Sure Yeah, it's a good question. I mean we get that a lot so AWS has you know, we obviously we're the largest Cloud service provider and one of the reasons why we are people are using us is because we do have like two levels You know, we have a separation of data. There's certain things that we are responsible for we are responsible the underlying architecture the storage compute and Space and power and heating that's at a bear, you know If you order EC2 or any type of any of your services, that's what we offer One of the things that we do is obviously that the underlying storage is encrypted So we don't get access to your data We leave the applications and also kind of the governance to you the customer to manage We don't get in we don't you know We all of the data transferring from server to server or from node to node is all encrypted and we don't get we don't We don't have access to the information. So from that perspective, you know, you can say that yes You're running it on AWS. But if we don't have access to the keys you No, it's cryptography and also if it was tampered with I mean you still have the information is stolen If it's stored on the blockchain, you can also validate that that data has been tampered with because the hash will change so you can Apply the additional control of checking the hash after you copy it and Validating the hash is consistent with the hashes are stored on the blockchain. So That kind of helps you to and that's why a lot of customers store information on the blockchain They store it there so that we they're trying to protect us from us and from other third parties from tampering with the data so Well, thank you very much. You guys have been a very active audience. I appreciate it