 Okay, let's continue our health education part 2. So in this video I will be explaining about educational aids and the methods of health education, difference between health education and propaganda. So what are the aids used in health education? The first one is auditory aids and the next one is visual aids and the combination of audio visual aids. So auditory aids, this topic is very old because this content is taken from old textbooks. That's why this megaphones, microphones, gramophones are all here. It has not updated in recent times. So anyway auditory aids, we know we can only listen to radios, FM stations and such things. Audio sound sound amplifiers are mentioned under audio auditory aids. Visual aids we know it is mainly projected and non-projectory aids based on the projection. We have projector aids like film, cinema, film strips, lights, projectors, viascopes, videocassets, such things are projected, non-projectory. Advantages like real life situation can be enacted. self-explanatory creates special interest rather than the auditory aids. Non-projected aids are like which do not require any projections. We can do on blackboard pictures like cartoons, photographs, flip charts, flashcards, flannel boards and printed materials or leaflets, pamphlets, models, specimens all can be used. So, combination of audiovisual aids, sound and sight can be compared like televisions, tape and slide combinations, video cast players, motion pictures, cinemas and all the monthly media computers and the recent social medias and the fault blans and fault songs. All these are very old techniques because this content is taken from a textbook which is available. So, the same content is still we are studying. This is not updated. Anyway, let's see the difference between auditory visual aids and combination. So, these are the aids used for health education. So, what are the methods of health education? So, we have basically three methods that is individual group and mass approach. So, in group approach we have shock and talk, symposium, group discussion, parallel discussion, workshop, conferences or seminars or playing or social drama and demonstration. So, let's see what is individual approach. It is a one-to-one. Just like in a dental clinic or health center, we are educating a person about his health and his illness prevention beneficial diets or anything. This approach can be used by public health personnel and it is very helpful and it is motivating. It is like counseling. So, it can be a discussion, argument and persuasion can be done and we can change the behavior of people. But the main disadvantage is very small number can be in benefit because we do not queue the same attention to many group of people and it is time consuming. So, one by one we can do but it is not approachable for many people. So, it is the reach of this one-to-one interaction is very limited. Whereas, in group approach it is better than the individual approach. The first one is shock and talk lectures. This is what we learn from our schools and colleges. It should be a carefully prepared oral presentation of facts, organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. So, what are the basic requirements? It should not be more than 30 people. The audience, there should be an opening statement should be between 15 to 20 minutes. We know how all lectures are around one hour. So, after 20 minutes our interest will go off automatically. So, usually it should be between 15 to 20 minutes. Should be based on the topic of current interest and its effectiveness depends upon the ability of speaker to write and draw legibly. If it is good at writing and drawing the audience will be in interest. Disadvantages, it is one way communication and learning is passive. So, symposium it is just like series of speeches on a selected topic. Each speaker present a brief aspect of it that broad topic. There is no discussion. This is an important point. There is no discussion between the speakers. In the end, audience may ask questions and the chairman makes a summary at the end of the session. So, this is symposium. They don't discuss between each other. Each person comes here and express his views. At the end of the session, audience can ask questions. Group discussion is just like sitting face to face in a semi circle or a circular table around 6 to 12 members max. So, face to face situation participants should be seated in a circle. Group leaders initiate the subjects, prevent side conversations and encourages everyone to participate and sum up the discussion. So, it's just like this all are face to face. What the problem is, if somebody is shy and somebody is having less communication skill, he will lose interest and he will not get the benefit of it. Panel discussion is like 4 to 8 speakers. Just like this, there will be discussion between the panels. The panelists are discussing not like symposium symposium. There is no discussion between the panelists. So, here the 4 to 8 experts sit and discuss a topic in front of audience. There will be a chairman or a operator who opens the session and introduce speakers and keeps discussion going. Audience are allowed to ask questions and chairman finally sums up the different views. So, this is panel discussion and symposium are confusing. The thing is panel discussion where the panelists are discussing each other which is not in symposium. Workshop, it is a series of meetings with emphasis on individual work with the help of resource person. So, total workshop will be divided into small groups and each group will select a chairman and a reporter and finally it will be summed up. So, a big problem can be part by part taken by each group of this big group then finally it can be summed up to solve the big problem. So, here many groups are divided just like this individual individual group and each part of one problem is solving and ultimately at the end of this workshop the total problem will be solved. So, conferences or seminars just like a half day or one week duration can be held regional state or national level and usually it will be having a theme for each conferences. So, role-playing or social drama it's like old technique where the puppet show size should be less than 25 and situation is dramatized to make communication more effective. So, puppet show is also social drama. Right now we have this flash mob type which is a updated version of this role-playing. So, flash mob is just like a social drama. Demonstration is like demonstrating a procedure step by step in front of audience just like how we apply fluoride gel on a particular kit. So, step by step we need to explain the methods in front of audience. So, that is demonstration mass approach. So, we covered individual and group approach. Next is a mass approach. The communication should be reaching to millions on lakhs. So, advantages is large number of people can be reached all social economic status have access. But the problem is it is always one way communication just like a message becoming viral, a video becoming viral nowadays in social media. The problem is it is always one way communication. Various media are television, radio, newspapers, posters, magazines, internet. So, the last part is difference between health education and propaganda. Propaganda is what just remember that propaganda is done by Hitler and all the all the leaders who are leading a authoritarian style, authoritarian style which they are very undemocratic. They are built there and kingdom by upon lies and lies. They try to convince the people lie after lie. So, that is propaganda. Now, let's see what is health education. This is just a comparison for you to remember. So, knowledge and skills are actively occurred because there will be active thinking we are telling after fact we need to press twice then black will be removed there will not be any carries. Propaganda is just like we are injecting that particular knowledge into the mind of people. They are not thinking about it. So, health education develops a reflective behavior trains people to use judgment before acting. So, develops reflexive behavior they will be very impulsive they act based on their emotion without any reasoning. So, appeals to reason and appeals to emotion. In health education it develops individuality personality and self expression but it will create a particular pattern of attitudes and behavior according to how we are propagating it. So, they won't think they won't have that logical reasoning that particular problem. So, they just accept whatever the leader says. So, knowledge acquired through self-reliant activity knowledge is won't fit because here people think what is reason for the person asking us to brush twice sleep because plaque is their plaque and harbor bacteria. So, plaque can cause bacteria can cause central carries but here they are saying just brush twice okay they just accept brush twice you will be healthy. They won't think why they are saying brushing twice is healthy. So, it is just phone fed processes behavior centered aims at developing favorable attitudes. It is information centered no change of attitude or behavior. So, health education is always based on the facts and it is based on the logical reasoning. It is always based on the emotion and there is no logical reasoning which is phone fed. So, that is the difference between health education and propaganda. It is one of the short not it is frequently asked. So, that's all about health education. So, we have covered health education under various part one and part two. Part one we have covered the definition the approaches. The approaches are administrative approach legal approach service approach health education approach and public primary health care approach. Then we had principles of health education later communication, strikes of communications and barriers. In the second part we have seen the methods of health education that is individual group level and mass level and the communication aids that is audio visual auditory and visual aids. In group approach we have chalk and talk symposium seminars conferences panel discussion workshops group discussion. The confusing part was group discussion this panel discussion and symposium symposium there is no the series of speeches where there is no discussion between the speakers but in panel discussion the research discussion between the panelist. That's all about health education. So, I will come up with a new session on this channel. Thank you.