 Hello, welcome to today's webinar. Today's webinar is focused on particulate matter monitoring and the mitigation strategies to limit COVID-19 airborne spread. My name is Ayan Karmakar and I am the session moderator today. We are excited to have a esteemed panelist on board today. Mr. Janam Mehta, who is the Chief Marketing Officer at RIZOM. Dr. Srikanth Sola, who is the CEO and co-founder at Devika. Mr. Radha Narayan, who is the Head Sales at Devika. I'll introduce each one of them as we proceed today. Before we begin this webinar, a couple of instructions. You're free to use the Q&A and the chat session where you can drop your queries or your suggestions, feedback, whatever you would feel like as we go on in the webinar. We will try and answer maximum queries at the end. So guys, let's begin. We'll start with a little bit of intro about RIZOM. I know today our audience could be more of our allies and we have known each other. But for the ones who have joined us for the first time, I wish to spare a few minutes to make them aware about our products and solutions. So to start off, I'll invite Mr. Janam Mehta as our first speaker. As I said, he's the Chief Marketing Officer at RIZOM who handles the global business. And he believes that data is the key to address the most complex issues in the world. So over to you Janam. Thank you so much, Ayan. Thank you very much. Bonjour Paula. Hello, Namaste. Thank you everyone for joining us at the webinar today. So before we address the elephant in the room about coronavirus, I would like to take this time to quickly take you through about a brief about RIZOM. And then probably later we can focus on our product offering and solutions. RIZOM is an environmental IOT company offering data-driven environmental solutions for better decision-making. Using our sensor-based hardware, we monitor various environmental parameters generated to add quality, noise, order, weather, radiation, and several critical environmental parameters. Our data analysis platform enables you to visualize and access the data for actionable insights, which is very useful for authorities, communities and industries. Keeping the environment as our core, we envision to empower industries to create highly scalable data for better decision-making. With the mission to have environmental monitoring solutions in 50 major cities by the end of 2020, this is the strong vision that the RIZOM team works with. We meet the highest safety standards with all our products being CE, FCC, ROHS, SASO, and PTC, I've been certified. RIZOM is a proud-making India company where all our products are manufactured here in Ahmedabad in Gujarat. We have a very strong presence all across the globe with installations in some of the major cities across the world like Mumbai, Istanbul, Tokyo, London, Colombia, Lima, Peru, Sydney, and many more. Why did we start with air quality monitoring? Air quality kills three times more people than AIDS, malaria, and TB combined. Nine out of the ten people who live on this earth, they're breathing polluted air. It might come as a shocking fact to several people, but living in a highly polluted city like Delhi is reducing four years of your lifespan. So the problem is pretty evident, and then why are we not doing anything to control it? I believe the biggest bottleneck here is data. To solve any complex problem, data is the key. But the present environmental monitoring solutions that expensive, complicated, and labor intensive, which leaves the market fragmented with no end-to-end solution available. And this is what motivated us to start RIZOM. RIZOM is a hardware software ecosystem that monitors up to 13 critical environmental parameters categorized into dust pollution, polluting gases, powerful and toxic gases, noise levels, radiation, and weather conditions. The data from this is then transmitted through over various communication protocols to the RIZOM IoT data platform, where it can be accessed in the form of actionable alerts, insightful reports, predictive analytics, and if the data needs to be dispersed to the mass, it can also be broadcasted in the form of an LED display, TV's, web apps, mobile apps, as well as the data can also be used in the form of APIs for industrial automation and process optimization. Most of the gas parameters work on the principles of electrochemical sensing. Some critical parameters work on parameters like NDIR, and critical gases like VOC work on the BID sensing technology. RIZOM has a communication agnostic platform. So the data from the hardware can be transmitted to wireless communication models like GSM, Wi-Fi, Lora, StigFox, and wired communication models such as Modbus and Ethernet. In the short video, we will explain more about how the device works and how it functions. Here is a state-of-the-art environmental monitoring solution by RIZOM. It's a compact, ultra-low-powered system which can work fully on solar power. It works continuously and sends various environmental data related to air pollution, odour, weather, noise, and radiation. Its patent-pending e-breathing technology makes it highly accurate compared to industry standards. It can do complete gas analysis by monitoring pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfides, ozone, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and many more. It has every single particle present in the air sample using a highly accurate laser beam. It is capable of monitoring particulates of various sizes ranging from one micron to 100 microns. The downward-facing class 1 noise sensor is ideally positioned to capture environmental noise up to 140 decibels from various sources. As you can observe, the top-mounted pyrometer does solar radiation analysis by diffracting the light rays into UV, IR, and visible light spectrums. Most of the pollutants are invisible, but through systematic data collection, they can be made visible. OISM is committed to decipher hyper-local environmental data. I believe the video has given you a quick brief about how the OISM equipment works and how it functions. One of the most important reasons why we have been able to be a pioneer in the environmental monitoring market in such a short span is because of our salient features of our products. The OISM equipments offer near real-time data transfer. All of our equipments are 100% weatherproof, offering IP63 protection. Their theft resistance, tamper proof, can function fully on solar power, has eight various ways of data communication, and battery backup lasting up to 72 hours. We have four flagship hardware products, that is the OISM polytron, which is an ambient air pollution monitoring system. OdoSense, which focuses more on critical, orderful and toxic gases, which is the ambient odor analyzer. DustDroid, which is focused on particulate matter and ambient dust monitor. And WeatherCom, which is our automatic weather station. One of the best things about WeatherCom is that it can be a standalone automatic weather station, but it can also be integrated into any of the existing three hardware products. All the data from them is sent to the OISM IoT data platform from where it can be accessed on our OISM terminal for data visualization and analytics. Or you can do detailed modeling on top of it using the environmental data modeling platform, Environmental AI. OISM focuses on two major applications, that's urban applications and industrial applications. And in just a short span of four and a half years, we are present at more than 300 locations monitoring the environmental health of 10 million people worldwide. Talking about our applications, the smart infrastructure or the urban applications, we are majorly focusing on smart cities and campuses, smart airports, roadways and highways. Here, our key customers are usually system integrators and smart solutions provided, making this application an entirely a B2B2B or a B2B2G application. When we talk about industrial applications, we work collectively with older and dust mitigation companies for dust suppression at mines and ports, peripheral monitoring at solid waste management plants and wastewater treatment plants as well as around industry. Here, the key customers usually environmental solution providers and the end application is either a B2B2B or a B2B2G. From here, finally, we come to the main problem here, addressing the elephant in the room. The reason why all of you are here is discussing about coronavirus, COVID-19 and its airport spread. So I believe, Ayan, you can read this and talk more about the entire issue here. Thank you, Ayan. I think that was a great intro to what we do and gives a nice idea about Oizom and our products and offerings in a brief manner. We'll speak about some more in the coming sessions. I see people are getting engaged and they have given some questions in the box. I encourage you all to drop your questions. So once we are through with our webinar, we'll be more than happy to answer these things. So coming back to our webinar and now that we are talking about coronavirus, I'm sure you have a pretty fair idea about how the sense of this technology is used for monitoring environmental conditions. But when it comes to monitoring air pollution, in the current scenario, there has been an interesting observation, which is regarding the COVID-19 spread. So before we proceed to all those correlations, let us understand that what we know so far about this deadly virus. I know this has been months and by now we have had so much of information about this. We have seen how the COVID-19 has impacted our daily lives, be it the mortality rate, the lack of testing areas or hospitals, the infrastructure, or the effects of lockdown on the economy. We are very much informed by every news article that we have gone through so far on this COVID-19 scenario. To begin, I also always like to see the positive side and so you know not all is gloomy when it comes to the after effects of these pandemic. So as far as the air pollution is concerned, there has been few positives that have surfaced during these hard times. So a noticeable impact in the air pollution has been observed by scientists across the world. As we mentioned in the introductory slides, you may recall that the number of people was dying due to poor air quality. That's quite high. But as a blessing in disguise, the COVID-19 containment strategies which have involved travel bans, which have involved mass gatherings or ban of mass gatherings. So those have resulted into the reduction of air pollution, which has eventually reduced the number of deaths. In fact, as in the preliminary stages, we found out that China alone has saved around 77 lives as a result of this. This is very preliminary data that we could correlate with. So what do we know about this virus? So the sizes around 0.1 microns, which is way less than the particulate matter in the form of PM1 to 0.5 or 10. So this indicates that this can easily penetrate through the mass, which is maybe PM2.5 mass or something like that. So just imagine what I'm trying to say is that if the coronavirus would have been airborne, what kind of catastrophic damage it would have created? So while you're imagining all those scenarios, what I'm trying to say, that just put a hold on that and we capture some more data and then I'll ask you later to work on that part. You see, this is what the whole condition looks like. We know that COVID-19 spreads mainly by droplets produced as a result of coughing or sneezing and maybe from direct or indirect contact. The incubation period is around 1 to 14 days. There are some asymptomatic patients also, whereas there are some patients with serious symptoms. We also know the prevention techniques which talk about social distancing and we ensure that we take care of personal hygiene. Despite all that, you see the statistics right now and it says that over 9 million people have been affected with this over the whole globe. More than 4.8 lakh deaths which has caused by the single pandemic. All this gives a very grave situation overall. So this is a documentary that one of the research bodies have been working upon. There are several bodies which are working towards it. This showcases how NHK Japan is working with laser beams and high sensitivity cameras and they are detecting 0.1 microns. So in the picture, you can see that a person is sneezing and they have tried to get a capture rate of how the micro droplets are spreading in the air. So small and light particles that drip through the air, even by just sneezing or maybe if you are talking loudly somewhere in a room with 2 people or more than that. So further, some researchers have worked on certain simulations. So this gives an idea of the movement of micro droplets where around 10 people are in a small room. Have a look at the timer which is at the bottom of the screen which showcases the time for which the lighter particles to stay in the air whereas the heavier particles gradually move down on the surface. So this gives a very good indication of how these particles stay indefinitely in the lighter particles that I am trying to say. So maybe wind circulation through ventilation by just opening the windows to help around in a small contained room or that can ensure that the micro droplets do not stay in the air. So such kind of studies have been happening around the world and researchers are working towards that. So similar such studies where the human-expired aerosols are there in the form of these droplets and are resulted from human activities like coughing, bleeding or just maybe even talking as we just saw. There are studies which have suggested that such aerosols are found in hospitals where COVID-19 patients are admitted and these aerosols they remain on the surface for hours before they finally fall on the floor. But such aerosols are heavier and take less time to deposit. So a study says that a particle with diameter 1 to 3 microns were found to be suspended for almost indefinitely whereas the heavier particles like 100 microns they fell on the floor in just 10 seconds. So what do we understand from all this? Limited sampling results in medical and laboratory settings have identified that this virus in aerosol form that lingers in the air and has been reported to travel intra-building or over long distance from the source. So this animation gives a clear idea of how the smaller virus can spread as an airborne disease when they deposit themselves over a particle size like 2.5 or 10. So such correlations in the US has been studied and they have correlated long-term exposure and mortality rates. Let me give an example. So Howard University has come up with the research where with an increase in PM 2.5 values by just 1 microgram per cubic meter that led to 7% increase in deaths. Yes, earlier that the figure was 15% but later on they worked on it and they found out that it was a 7% increase in death because of just rising 1 micrograms per cubic meter. So you can understand how great the whole situation is. We discussed the death rate. It's just simple mathematics to gauge what could be the effect once you know this kind of statistics. Another such studies in Italy, they have found out correlation between high mortality rates and pollution hotspots. So taking that as a co-factor, some of those studies have also found PM 10 and its role. One study in London has found out that the exposure of NO2 on ozone for a long time has led to persistent inflammatory damage and increases the risk of this virus infection. Since this virus attacks the respiratory tract. So such kind of long exposure to polluted areas that has made people more prone to these attacks. So again from this, what do we understand? There's a clear evidence to back the fact that the virus can be spread by particulate matter. In fact, these correlations have been identified with seek more stress on identifying pollution hotspots. Also the data connection where pollution and health related diseases seem to be a vital situation or vital factor in identifying such hotspots. Now I would ask you to go back a few minutes. Recall how I asked you to hold your imagination with the spread and all. Now you have this information in front of you. This is what the research says. This is what people have been working towards. Now I will ask you to unlock that imagination and now you think of what could be the effects if something like this is actually present and you are not aware of it. So this time include this particulate matter factor into your virus spread and imagine how great the situation would be. Several kinds of research, such kind of research have been carried out. The findings may be preliminary. By now there have been certain very definite findings which have left us the question of this detrimental impact. All said and done, all these findings, all these researches, all these studies that we are trying to link and we are trying to explain. You may ask that, you know, what's the next thing like you were telling about the studies, but how do we do it in actual life? How do we put all these things in practice? So how do we track or identify these hotspots? Is there a mechanism? So to answer that, that I will just ask your prime attention for the couple of slides after this which will help you understand what I'm trying to say. This is a map. It's the environmental AI which is a street-by-street pollution mapping and source detection platform for cities. Now a map is always a good medium to understand the region specific or any matter-meter pollution or a virus factor. So here we have combined this pollution map and superimposed it with the spread of COVID-19. So this when further correlated with upwind and downwind data that will help understand a possible spread over the specific region. In this case, this is a hotspot in a city. We now have, we have so much of data where you can identify these hotspots based on the data that the WH is giving or maybe your city administrator is giving. So this gives you a holistic view of what is happening. This is what one of the offerings are for environmental.bi and we're trying to correlate with that with COVID-19. But in actual situations, how do we do that? So we place our air monitoring network in the city and on the top of the real-time pollution data, we also integrate the secondary data sources like satellite, meteorological, traffic and pollution sources in winter. Thereafter we perform a discussion modeling at the city scale every single hour. Now the heat map shown is of Delhi where around 6.5 lakh data points are predicted every single hour and a higher resolution that's 100 by 100 meter pollution map is produced real-time. So normally such kind of maps are an output of source apportionment studies which use historical data but this is kind of a real-time solution which will help you understand and we are talking about endless possibilities with such execution. At this moment I would also ask you to keep jotting down your questions for us in case you find this interesting and we have certain queries to be answered. So based on all this data, we always want things to be quantified, right? Even for AQI we are trying to quantify the air quality index. So it gives me immense pleasure to share with you guys that we are developing this for quite some time. So including a holistic view we have come up with an index which provides actionable insights to the stakeholders. Now despite corona being a non-airborne disease, the effects through particulates needs to be quantified. So this airborne COVID spread index which includes factors like particulate matters, wind speed direction, COVID-19 positive cases or historical air pollution data. So all this combined we are trying to frame that we have moved forward even in the previous webinar we just found that something like this could be a gem for all of us so we have moved forward from that. We are open for collaboration, we are working with a few research bodies to this and we are trying to focus on how we can improve this overall. So the hotspots, we spoke about the problem, we spoke about how the solution can be done using such map. But quickly I would invite Jainam again on stage to help us understand that what could be the methods or what are the instruments that can be used to understand to get the measurement of these data and then using that data we will use and generate such maps. So Jainam if you would please help us understand our product offerings in this. Thank you so much Jainam once again. So before we, as I rightly mentioned you know before trying to understand and getting to the root of the problem it is very important to have the data. And I think what follows my slides would be more focused on the mitigation strategies. So I quickly take you to what all the product offerings are and how we are trying to capture environmental data as much as possible. What I mean polydron, polydron is our ambient air quality monitoring solution. This measures all the important AQI parameters like PM 2.5, PM 10, polluting gases like CO2, SO2, NO2, CO3 as well as environmental parameters like ambient light in the form of UV and light intensity, noise monitoring and environmental parameters like temperature, humidity and biometric pressure. This is an ideal solution for large places or like smart cities, campus monitoring, roadways and tunnels and airports. Quickly moving to our order dust monitoring solution, the dust droid. Dust droid is primarily focused on particulate matter monitoring. It monitors particulate matter ranging from 1 micron to 100 microns. That's PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 10 and PM 100. Dust droid is usually used collectively with dust suppression or for process optimization in places like construction sites, mines and quarries, seaports and every other heavy dust-ledged activities. We usually work quite a lot with dust mitigation companies and as well as dust suppression companies like the fogging and misting cannon companies to see how they can improve their processes, reduce the cost of water or the mitigation processes, energy resources and improve the efficiency. AutoSense is our order monitoring solution that measures all the toxic and odourful gases like ammonia, methane, hydrocarbon, mercaptans, VOCs in the form of BTX and formaldehyde as well as toxic gases like carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. We also tend to add environmental and meteorological parameters along with it to identify the exact source, odour emission tracking in the form of pollution dose charge from the exact source. This is an ideal solution for peripheral monitoring across heavily polluting and odourful places like wastewater treatment plants, landfills in India, dump yard, industries and contaminated soil treatment plants. Weathercom, our automatic weather station can also be integrated with all our existing solutions as I previously mentioned to identify a larger picture but also it can work as an independent weather monitoring system to capture meteorological parameters like wind speed, direction, rainfall, ambient light, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure. Additionally, you can also add critical parameters based on the application like flood monitoring, roads surface temperature for highways, etc. So the key use cases for this is usually three major things that is agricultural monitoring where you add soil humidity sensors to identify what is the conditions of the soil and what is the weather conditions. How can you improve your irrigation process if any immediate disaster warning before any natural calamity? Because in most of the disaster there is always a small spike before the larger disaster happens. So through effective monitoring we can actually identify that road safety for generating dynamic top speed limits and as well as airports and seaports to see how much pollution has been caused there. But also additional with the weather stations, you can also identify and change the processes, maybe the schedule of the flights or the direction of the runway, all this can be done based on the weather parameters. Once we have acquired the data, there are various ways to access this data and visualize it and analyze it. The OISM data platform offers customizable dashboard, real-time data analytics through various correlations. You can generate and trigger smart notifications in the form of an email, SMS or a push notification where when a trigger is set and it crosses it, there is a notification and an alert generated. Automated reports in the form of daily, monthly or weekly reports that you want. In case the data needs to be shown on a third party portal, we also have environmental reasons that can be embedded into the access to websites. And of course the pollution heat map which I think we briefly spoke about earlier. Similarly, this data can also be accessed through various platforms, not just limited to OISM data platform, but if there is a third party app that's already there and they want to integrate the data, they can access it through HTTP and MPTT based APIs. The data can be integrated directly into smart TVs and LEDs where it can be showcased to showcase the data to the mass. Web widgets, smart notifications, print ready reports which can be easily printed for better documentation, the mobile app. And we are working on this really interesting one and I've mentioned this every time is the voice activation, which I'm very excited about that. The moment the pollution crosses the threshold, maybe Alexa will tell you that, hey, the airpoint is really bad. Do you want me to turn on the air purifier? So this is one of the ideas that we are working on and hopefully going to make it live soon. So I think enough said and done about pollution monitoring and monitoring capabilities. Ayan probably you would want to take this further and where we can focus on the mitigation strategies and how we can take that forward. Over to you Ayan. Thank you. Thank you, Jainam, for this quick brief about the products and offerings. So, ladies and gentlemen, we have spoken about the spread of the virus, we've spoken about the hotspot and we've spoken about how we can generate using the data. Now it's my pleasure to invite our next panelist who is going to talk about the mitigation strategies of particulate matter. I have on board today with me Dr. Srikanth Sola to introduce him. He is the CEO and co-founder of David Kurt and he's a US trained cardiologist and he's developed award winning pulse wave technology. He's authored more than 40 scientific articles in peer reviewed journal to talk more about David Kurt, the methods, the strategies that are used for mitigating the effects of mitigating the particulate matter. I hand over the session to our panelist Dr. Srikanth Sola. Dr. Sola, over to you. Thank you. Thank you and thank you to the organizers for having me. So what I will do in the next 10 minutes is I will briefly talk about different ways to mitigate particle pollution or particulate pollution, especially PM 10 and 2.5. But first, let me just take you abroad actually to the moon. This is a project we've been working on. David Kurt has been working on with NASA since late last year, October of last year, looking at how we can mitigate dust on the moon. And what we've learned is that when spacecraft land on the surface of the moon, they tend to kick up a lot of dust. And this is basically the remnants of old meteors that have hit ages ago. They're highly abrasive and electrically charged and because of the micro gravity environment on the moon is just one sixth the gravity of the earth. These dust particles tend to stay suspended. And as they orbit around the surface of the moon they can damage sensitive instruments and cause erroneous readings. Now, coming back to earth, that's a lot of fun, but coming back to earth and what happens here when we talk about pollution mitigation strategies, we need to look at what happens in nature and how does nature mitigate pollution because many of the things, at least some of the things that we do to mitigate pollution in the air actually mimic what happens in nature. So there's two key ways that nature does this. The first is dry deposition and the other is wet deposition. I'll go through these in the next few moments. So in dry deposition, what happens is you have small particle pollutants, let's say PM10, PM2.5, PM50, 100, whatever, various sized dust particles. And these are moving usually in random motion at various velocities. They may be blown around by the wind. PM2.5 as we know can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers across the surface of the earth to different parts of the globe. But what happens is eventually they collide with each other and they agglomerate and as they agglomerate they gain increased mass and then they settle to the surface of the earth, whatever is below them. This dry deposition process is responsible for clearing two thirds of all of the particulate pollution in the air and it's very important. Now we see it all the time. So for example, if you don't wash your car, two things will happen. First is you'll get a layer of dust on your car, right? All of us have had this experience. And then the second thing is that some punk will come and make a joke on your dirty windscreen. Yes, so this has happened to all of us and this is dry deposition. If you don't wipe your table, if you don't dust your table, you'll see a layer of dust after a while. That's dry deposition. And this can be utilized to help clear pollution. The other way is wet deposition. And in this process what happens is rain drops pass through the air. It could be snow. It could also be fog. And as they settle to the surface of the earth, they collide with the particle pollutants that are in the atmosphere and push them to the surface. And most particle pollutants, not all, but most of them are neutralized or cleared once they hit the atmosphere. We're dealing with particle pollutants that are in the parts per million range, sometimes parts per billion range. So they're not very concentrated when they do hit the earth. Now, how does that then apply to common applications for controlling air pollution, right, whether it's in industries, indoor spaces such as factories, again ambient or rather indoor air quality inside offices or around those offices or office parks, and of course in cities. Let's focus on the first three. And let's discuss some of the common ways to remove pollution. Let's start with industries first. This is a particular example. I'm not going to go through the details in this talk, but basically what I want you to understand. Let's look at this example of a gravitational settling chamber. This is often used as a pre filter for more high efficiency collectors, but basically you have some kind of box container. You have your dirty polluted gas coming in the some application is applied to reduce the particle pollutant load, and then cleaner air or clean air comes out the other side. So this would be attached to your stack your flu gas that is coming from whatever processes, let's say the burning of coal for generation of coal thermal power. And then you have some kind of collection system at the bottom where this dust is collected and has to be removed. So there are a couple of ways that are common you have cyclone separators which use centrifugal force. You have electrostatic static precipitators or ESPs in which air comes through an electrical charge is applied to these plates, and that causes the electrical particles to collect together sorry the charge dust particles to collect together and settle out. You also have fabric filter bag houses which are just bags of fabric hung suspended from the ceiling, and air is forced up through these bags and then through the other side, and then dust is trapped here. And of course, as you can imagine the bags have to be cleaned from time to time. And then finally you have scrubbers or sometimes called the wet collectors, where particulate pollutants are mixed with water and removed from the gas stream that comes from your flu gas. But this is kind of like wet deposition happening inside a big machine to collect this particle pollutants. Now what kind of particle or what kind of air pollution control equipment you would want to remove the particulate load from your flu gas from your stacks depends on several things. The flow characteristics of that gas the carrier gas that those particle pollutants are coming through the types of contaminants and their specific properties. How big or what how small those particles are anywhere from point one to 100 microns in diameter, the loading amount or how much you have and what type of efficiency is required, especially based on state or national laws. There are of course constant considerations these equipment can be quite expensive, especially the electrostatic precipitators filters work great but they require a lot of maintenance and the cheapest are the cyclones and they all work in different areas, and can be combined. Keep in mind that ESPs have been upregulated recently at least from a legal perspective and many industries are now required to upgrade many of these and that's leading to additional compliance issues as well as monitoring requirements. Now that is what comes out of your stack, right, but there is another source of emissions that industries also have to control which is really important and this is called fugitive emissions. Imagine that this bulldozer is digging up dirt, a lot of dust will be created and that can affect crops nearby. It can affect communities nearby. And the same thing when these heavy vehicles pass over over roads that have dust on top of them you can get re suspension of that road dust. So you have to have various industrial hygiene practices to control this these fugitive emissions it can be covering materials during storage and transport or in this case of a coal yard where coal is being dumped for just before it gets taken into your crusher it's being sprayed with water to keep down the amount of dust. Now that's ambient air in industries where you can you have a lot of pollution but typically over compounds that are 3050 hundreds or even hundreds of acres in size. Now you come indoors to factories where you also have very heavily polluting industrial and manufacturing processes which can create very high amounts of pollution. In fact, when we had collaborated and installed one of our pure skies equipment inside a factory. We found that pollution levels for PM 10 and 2.5 were way over 1200 that's like three or four or five times worse than Delhi, even on a bad day and always was able to give us a custom made monitor for that requirement. Now let me just focus on one process welding as an example of what can be done so welding is one of the dirtiest processes inside factories. You have release of toxic gases harmful gases which contain high concentrations of particle pollutants. Oftentimes along with various other metal compounds depending on what type of welding wire is being used so you can see these fumes going up and if there's no proper applications or equipment in place, they can drift over the entire facility affecting everyone on the plant floor. There are measurement devices to understand how much the workers being exposed to there are ways to help position the worker as far away from the weld of smoke, but still it affects everyone. So you need to do two things in this case one is you need local source extraction with fume extractors, you can get mobile ones like this, you can get the ones that are fixed to the wall and they need to empty into some kind of dust collecting system. Here I would recommend, please, please, please do not buy the cheap low cost Chinese fume extractors. This has nothing to do with what is happening on the India China border is just that when we see these we know that they are not going to work. The Indian make ones are actually far superior in quality. You have local source extraction with fume extractors and then you have facility wide pollution reduction, and you can use technologies like ours pure skies which controls pollution levels across the entire factory but you need both for welding. Okay, and finally let's end with looking at offices. Most of us are either working from offices or perhaps wishing we could go back to our office. This is an example of a COVID or post lockdown office where you can see that people are now sitting in a social distancing type of setup, and there are several ways to affect this also. The first is HVAC systems and I'm sorry that this is an old picture but you know these things have been around for a while. Basically, inside your central ducting if you go back here you can see that this office has an HVAC so you have return ducts and you have your fresh air ducts. And what happens is the old air which contains odors, mold, bacteria, whatever goes into this and it passes through some type of filtration system. It could be ESPs, it could be fabric filters or some other type of paper filter and then the cleaned air comes out here. The problem is if you know there's a lot of this copy paste technology out of there and the quality of the HVAC systems may not be so good even amongst the best designs. And so we see a lot of problems with pressure drop which means that you have less airflow in the areas downstream from your filter and so these areas can heat up quite a bit during the summer months. We also see that some people, the increased load on these systems can cause damage to your pumps and we do see that some people are advertising these UV lamps which are supposed to kill viruses and bacteria. This works great for water but it's lousy for air so don't fall for UV treatment for air. This is an ESP type system for HVACs. These work well but they're quite costly, two and a half lakhs for 500 square feet depending on the system used. An ESP chatter which is the noise that the dust makes when it gets collected can cause disturbance in some settings. It sounds like you know when your car goes over a sand and the sand gets in the wheel well and makes some noise. It sounds like that so these don't work very well for areas where the guest experience is very important such as hotels and cinema halls and some of these can create indoor ozone which is quite problematic. The last two solutions are of course air purifiers. Everybody has these or has seen these. These are great for a particle pollutants but they don't cover very large areas and they're noisy at high speeds which means that people usually reduce the fan speed because of the noise which means they cover an even smaller area so you need many of these to cover an office and the efficiency reduces with time as the filters get locked up. Pure Skies is Pulse Radio Wave Technology. I'll let our next speaker talk about this but this is an effective and low-cost solution compared to the others. I do want to mention two problems that you should be aware of and this is something we have seen a lot. The first is poorly designed fresh air treatment units. This is what they look like. They break in fresh air. They're supposed to filter them and then bring that fresh air into the system oftentimes with some kind of heat or exchange. But what happens is many of these are very poorly designed and when you turn on this fresh air treatment unit the air quality level actually gets worse inside the building so please pay attention to this. And then one final point is that it doesn't matter how posh your hotel or your building is. If you have polluted air at the entrance to your lobby, even if you have 100 air purifiers inside, that dirty air is going to come right inside your lobby and then spread to other areas inside your building. We have gotten around this by simply placing one of our Pure Skies extender units in the lobby so that the air that does come in via the lobby is actually clean treated air. And everyone the favorite is plants. They have a great feel good factor, but just to remember that you need a large amount of plants to make a difference in indoor air quality. So to summarize, when it comes to air pollution control equipment either indoors or outdoors, we have a wide variety of choices and when you're looking at these first pay attention to industrial hygiene. What are you already doing and if you're doing air quality monitoring. What is your customer doing second look at the engineering and process controls and then finally you can select the right technology for that particular application. So thank you very much and I am back to you. Thank you so much, Dr. Sola. This was indeed a great knowledge shared by you about the real time scenarios that we are trying to explore and as rightly mentioned, we have combined our efforts together to work on a few solutions as as the workshop that was mentioned with when we were surprised how the particle matter levels are so high. So to speak more about the technologies and offerings of David Curd, I invite our next analyst, Mr. Radha Narayan. Mr. Radha is the sales head at David Curd and he has an experience in technical enterprise sales as well as marketing for the six years now. So I invite you Mr. Radha over to you. Thank you, Ayan. Good evening everyone and hope you all are doing great. It's my pleasure to be speaking to all of you today. When it comes to air quality management, it's critical that we first understand what are all the fragments of the problem for us to be able to address it in a comprehensive manner. And for us to be able to look at it that way, we first look at what are the various sources of the pollution. And I'm sure you might have seen what Dr. Sola had mentioned, the various source level mitigation solutions that are available in the market. And then also the next thing or the major challenge is the fugitive emissions. So this gives a whole different problem set to the people who are trying to manage the whole facility. So this calls for facility wide solutions that can help mitigate fugitive emissions, thus ensuring good air quality across the facility. So let's take the example of a typical shop floor or a plant. They generally have pollution sources within the facility as well as outside the facility. So in case if you see here the circles one, two and three, they show you the internal sources of pollution and the one and two outside the lines are the external sources of pollution. So if you see there, these are the various sources that can cause a lot of problem within the facility. And as Dr. Sola had mentioned, you can have source level mitigation for some of the internal ones, but unfortunately that doesn't suffice and you end up with having a lot of fugitive emissions to deal with. So let's look at a next step that can be taken is to have air quality monitoring. So that's the first step in trying to address the problem. And you install the monitors and it shows you that you know the air quality is so much or you know this having concentrations of PM 2.5 PM 10 etc in such a manner. So at this point we have now successfully diagnosed the problem and let's look at how we can address or treat the whole problem. So we all are aware of the big problem that air pollution is posing. And it's affecting one and I mean nine out of 10 people across the world, causing several millions of deaths and also impacting a lot of lives to you know, in terms of asthma and other problems. Taking the inspiration from the nature like what Dr. Sola had mentioned, wet deposition and dry deposition. So dry deposition as you mentioned is where particles that are floating in there coagulate and settle down due to their weight. Pure skies is something different from what we most of us would have heard. So we all understand how you know, there are umpteen solutions such as filters, ESP, HVACs that do a great job at reducing pollution, but they're only limited to the air that can pass through them. And this poses a major challenge in terms of scaling the solution across a facility. So without 12 years of R&D, Dr. Sola has designed and developed an advanced pollution mitigation technology that uses pulsed Wi-Fi to accelerate the natural clearance of these airborne pollutants. And it works in coordination with the monitor such as the ozone polydrone, as you can see here these two components. And now going back to the problem that we were discussing about about the shop floor, to the whole system if we add pure skies into it. So you see the blue circles here, they indicate the pure sky system, the center one here is the pure skies base station. And the smaller blue circles towards the corners are the extended units to ensure complete coverage across the facility. So now that we have this, what happens is this works in tandem with the monitoring solution and helps you mitigate these pollution or pollutant particles that are floating in the air across the facility. So these circles are representative of how the pulsed Wi-Fi goes across the facility to ensure a complete clean area for the across the facility. So let's, I'll also deal with this in more detail, taking use cases from real life scenarios. So this similar thing can be applied because the system is using a pulsed Wi-Fi based technology, it can be applied for outdoor requirements as well. So in this case, if you're looking at a place which is larger than about, you know, several meters up to one kilometer in radius. We deploy the monitoring systems and then we also deploy the purification systems base station and extenders to give you complete coverage across the required facility. And then they work in parallel to ensure clean air across the facility. So this is broadly an overview of the kind of technology that is now developed and it's an advanced technology that can help mitigate pollution across large areas, especially for people dealing with fugitive emissions. And then because it's using a Wi-Fi based system, it's like your Wi-Fi to imagine, you know, you don't have the barriers of things like walls or this thing which, you know, your regular filters or air purifiers cannot go beyond. So it works like a Wi-Fi which can cover the entire facility with just a couple of units. And all in all, it gives a true value proposition to the end users by helping you improve operational efficiency. And it also helps you ensure sustainability in the long run and also cost savings in terms of regulatory penalties, lower power consumption, lower operating costs, etc. All in all, it helps you augment your bottom line and helps you save a lot of expenditure that you might otherwise have had to incur. So now coming to certain, some of the real-life cases that we have seen. Here's an example of a manufacturing facility based in Pune, where we have deployed the OISEM Polydron system to monitor the air quality. So the red area that is shown here towards the left is the time where we were observing what were the baseline levels of the air quality. And the levels were roughly around 400 plus and peaking up to almost 800 to 1000 microgram per meter cube. And it was similar for PM-10 as well, significantly high. They've already had invested significant amount in a few mix tractors. And although they are great, like I said, you know, but they end up having the problem of fugitive emissions. And that is where our system, once it was deployed, the green area which is depicted here is the time when the pure sky system was running. And if you see over the time, the first few weeks, we see an improvement of about 15 to 20% in the air quality levels. And then on, it's a continuous improvement, significant improvement of about 70 to 80%. And as of today, it's been over a year since the unit was installed and it's been running there. And the air quality levels are better by about 95% compared to the baseline which we observed initially. Another installation and a use case from a thermal power plant. This is again, where the facility had their own BAM monitor, reference monitor to monitor the air quality. Again, we have deployed an isoam polydron monitor to monitor the air quality levels, which provide the feedback for the pure sky system to function. And then we have done it over multiple seasons. That's the reason why you see a period one and a period two. And here you see that the initial period we saw that the air quality levels improved by about 47% for PM 2.5 and 36% for PM 10 with the system. And then post that there was a short period of western disturbances that actually had caused the pollution levels to significantly come down. In spite of the pollution levels coming down post the western disturbances, our system again was deployed to understand how it can help mitigate from a lower level of baseline as well. And we see again a further 50% decline in PM 2.5 levels and a 37% decline in the PM 10 levels. So this is what has happened, what we have observed in a thermal power plant. So I'd like to draw your attention to a key feature of the pure sky system that we have confirmed from our experience across multiple terrains and industries over the last couple of years. We see that there's an incremental improvement in the air quality over time across installations, regardless of the type of facility or industry, or location, giving pure skies, the rare distinction of being a smart, AI driven solution for mitigation versus any other technology that's currently available in the market. So this brings me to the end of my talk. Thank you, everyone. And over to you. Thank you so much, Radha. I think that was really insightful from Devika with both presentations by Dr. Sola as well as Radha who has given us a good intro of how things work and how we can use technologies to mitigate the spread of the particulate matters. So this brings an end to this webinar. But before we move towards thanking our participants and as well as the panelists, I would now take a few questions. So, okay, there are certain questions which I'll have a look and then assign the panelists to answer. I have Mr. Birender was asking that why 2.5 and 10 measurement is not mentioned. It is actually mentioned. We tried to showcase a video with a particulate matter measurement in itself. So we have the technology to measure 2.5, 10 and in the PM100 as well as PM1. So all those possibilities are there. Mr. Rohit is asking, you have any monitoring system which cover 0.1 micron size? No, 0.1 micron size. We do not have a feature to monitor that. Currently we are trying to focus on the 2.5, 10 and gradually PM1 is coming up in the market. But 0.1 is I think way into the future and there will be technologies soon to do that. Which one out of 2.5 and 10 is having more affinity to coronavirus? As we said, as for the studies, it's more of 2.5 that people have researched and that's where they have tried to correlate between 2.5 as well as the spread of coronavirus. These are questions related to the first part. So I am answering these. In the slide showing, Delhi map to show how PM2.5 can correlate with COVID-19 data analytics include population density in the region. Yes, we do ensure that the population density is a factor with when it comes to take care of the whole hotspot or when we talk about a holistic view of the heat map generation. So yes, there is a question but I think Dr. Sola, you can answer this. It's a very generic question but it says that what will be the air changes for us? I am not sure which specific part the gentleman is asking. Any general reference to which you can answer this, Dr. Sola? I have some noise from my mic. Ratha, could you answer this? If the answer is yes, just tell about how it works. Yeah, sure. So in terms of air exchanges that is applicable for air handling units or total pressure units that bring in pressure from the external sources to the internal sources. So in terms of pure skies and the technology that we are having, there's no requirement for air exchange to happen. In that specific case, our system doesn't bring the air from a certain area into the system to purify it, rather it makes the pollutants wherever they are to coagulate and settle down. As was the example presented by Dr. Sola regarding the car and the dust on settling on the car, it's the same use case. I hope that answers the question. So there is another few questions. Is it safe for offices to use a centralized air conditioning system in current time of COVID? Ratha and Dr. Sola, you can answer this. Yeah, sure. So centralized air conditioning systems in the times of COVID is generally a big no. Reason being that it's best to avoid or rather I would say prevent, it's best to prevent rather than cure. So centralized air condition units need to be taken care in a very stringent way to ensure that there's no spread of COVID. And in most cases, it happens that there could be laxities when there are a lot of people involved. So in fact, even for our office in David Kurt, we are switching to regular ventilation through windows, opening windows, and also switching to pedestal fans to avoid the use of ACs. And also that gives a safe feeling for the employees present in the office. Yeah, thank you. I think we have time for one more question, which is to Mr. Ratha, I think the gentleman has asked. Do you have any use case for 5-star hotels and office buildings with central air conditioning? Yes, we do. So in fact, our first installation was at an office space in Bangalore. It's about 5,000 square feet. We have installed one unit there and they are close to the main road. So again, thanks to being in Bangalore, the air quality wasn't too bad. It was about 50 or 60 microgram per meter cube. And over the installation of the unit, it's been about three or four months till the time that the air quality improved by about 70%. And now it's been about a year and the air quality is better by about 80%. So their typical levels are around 5 or 6 microgram per meter cube in their office. Another example is from a 5-star hotel in Delhi again, you can imagine. The air quality levels there outdoor are significantly bad. So unfortunately, whatever they try to use, be it ESPs, be it AHUs, TFS, anything, they just really are unable to handle the problem of air pollution. And this specific company had spent several crores to try to handle it, but unfortunately it didn't help. And that's when we have installed our unit there, I think last December. And within about a month or two, the levels improved by about 60%. And they are significantly happy with the results that they have seen in the facility. So one last question is how you have generated the heat map for air quality and COVID-19. So as we said, we have our platform environmental.ai which takes into consideration 100-100 resolution and considers local sources and gives real time data. And so we have tried to superimpose the present cases of COVID-19 in a particular city or a particular region and generate these hotspots which can be helpful for stakeholders to take further actions upon. So yeah, I think we have answered most of the questions. In case some of them are left out, I'll make sure that we send you across. If you have some feedback or questions for our today's session, please don't hesitate. Please do write to us. You can drop an email to me at ayananddirectpoison.com. It's there in the webinar invite as well, which you have bought after the registration. So please feel free to share whatever you have felt about this webinar and help us grow more towards this. So this was our third webinar in this series. And I'm thankful to our panelists, Mr. Janam Mata, Dr. Srikanth Sola and Mr. Radha Narayan, who have given such wonderful insights today. Be it the measuring the parameters like particulate matters or how we are trying to mitigate it as very nicely presented by my fellow mates from Nevikar. So thank you all. Thank you all the participants who have spent time to attend this webinar. Stay safe. Stay happy. Goodbye. Thank you. Bye.