 Inorganic membrane science and technology is a rapidly developing field of membrane separation technology, which has been dominated by polymer membranes. However, inorganic membranes have several advantages over polymer membranes, including resistance to harsh chemical cleaning, high temperature, wear resistance, high chemical stability, long lifetime, and autoclaveable properties. These outstanding properties make inorganic membranes good candidates for water treatment and desalination applications. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on the synthesis, development, and application of different inorganic membranes for water and wastewater treatment. The inorganic membranes reviewed in this paper include liquid membranes, dynamic membranes, various ceramic membranes, carbon-based membranes, silica membranes, and zeolite membranes. The synthesis roots for the development of inorganic membranes for application in the water industry are critically reviewed and compared. Recent studies on different applications of inorganic membrane and their properties for water treatment and desalination in literature are also summarized. Despite their high synthesis cost, inorganic membranes have shown promising results with high flux, full salt rejection, and very low or no fouling. This article was authored by Ahmad Kavani-Fard, Gordon McKay, Anita Beaconhout, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.