 Good morning all. We will start today. Ok. So, what we saw last time was the process of adapting visual communication into your entire presentation, but it loosely applies also to the entire presentation planning as such. So, we saw the brainstorming part and we also did a mind map of a given topic. What we will have a look at today is called execute, where your plan is converted to a presentation, where you will see lot of other details coming up from what you had just brainstormed and thrown away some words and phrases and try to form a cohesive layout out of that. That is what mind map was. In fact, that was a very interesting question last time somebody asked. What is the difference between a mind map and a concept map? So, after I left the class, I tried to probe more into that question and actually that answered one another question which was asked. What to do with some serious topics like our MTech thesis? Somebody asked that, you asked that. So, concept map, the basic difference is that in mind maps you draw it. So, you draw a central theme and then you have pointers coming out of it. So, it is radial in nature. On the other side, concept map is top down. So, you will always have this as the top and then everything will come down. So, it is a hierarchical structure first thing. Secondly, it is very important or actually mandatory to name these connectors with appropriate preposition or a verb. So, if you say that these are seasons, so you have four types of seasons. So, then you actually draw this and make it into four and say R classified in. So, this is the title given to the connector and then you write something. So, this is mandatory for a concept map to put a connector and label it which is not the case in a mind map. You can just say seasons and you can say summer, winter, spring and autumn whatever. That is the basic difference into that. So, why I said that it answers your question is because you can easily describe a concept using a concept map as opposed to mind map. Mind map is more informal way of structuring and it is a direct outcome of a brainstorming which is actually again informal. Let us go ahead on this actually. So, impress will be the last part as I said last time and we will have a look at it in the next lecture. Today we will be on execute, but before that we will just recap what we were doing. We started off with this point of everybody loves stories and we thought of a mind map and there were some mind map submitted. I am just going to show you some of the mind maps out of the submitted mind maps. You cannot see anything bad visual communication. Let us see if this is readable. Can you read at least something out of this? No, large benches cannot. But this is what I have. This is another problem we found out that out of the submitted mind maps almost 80 percent mind maps were non-readable because they were having too much of content and when you zoom out you have to have a very small font size. On the other side there were some efforts done by people. You will see that in your printout there. People used images and people used very big fonts and colors and some icons and some smileys and all that to make it a very informal way of presenting what they wanted to. But yeah, we will what we want to see is something different. Can you see this one at least? No. My God, I cannot do anything to this. But let us just discuss part of it. What it talks about is the topic is software piracy. What you see here is actually they have given three parts of this thing. One is called cause, one is remedies and one is effects. There are only three parts. Please switch off the mobile phones. Can you see this at least? Right. So, this is how people have this person has classified the mind map into and then there are secondary or tertiary hierarchies and there are some fourth levels also. But so, what can you make out of this type of a mind map? So, what do you find missing in this? So, what information is missing in the entire thing? So, you have cause, you have effects and you have remedies. Anything missing? Anything you find which is not? So, if you are given this chance to brainstorm on this topic of software piracy, what will you like to add apart from these three things? Pardon me? No, I am not getting it. What is software piracy? Some definition part of it. So, that actually that will be maybe definition or you can just say information about what is why because we actually do not know. You wanted to actually maybe you can classify it into types because lot of people are not aware that how is software piracy happening. So, most of the people actually when I met couple of them asking about operating system, most of them say we have bought the computer and the person gave us Microsoft along with it. So, I have bought it right. So, they were just not aware that the person has not given you original CD and a license which can be of your own all the time. So, they were just not aware of this. So, such kind of negligence is already embedded into the system which makes it very difficult for them to even understand that they are pirating a software. So, there will be couple of things which are missing. I think software piracy was also a topic which was discussed here. By the way, this mind map I am showing is from the last year somebody who had submitted last year and this year couple of people have attempted that. So, the task now is what you should do is you will have a mind map in front of you. Just first of all write your group star number on that. It will have one group star number already written there. So, write at the on the other side may be left hand corner, your group star number and then identify the hierarchy issues in that. What has happened is that something which is here should actually be here because it is a under that hierarchy you can actually write more things, but it has just gone at the tertiary level sometimes. So, try to find out such point and bring it at the secondary level. So, if this is the primary level called software piracy try to bring it at secondary level and then see what changes it have it can provide you in terms of explaining the concept in a better way. So, just try putting some thought into the mind map you have there by discussing within your group and find out is there any such point which can be brought forward or something can be pushed at the back. So, just try out doing that with the mind map you have and then suggest a rearrangement. So, you can just by pen you can say that move this here or move this here and then once you are done I want everybody to just push that paper forward to the front rows and we will collect this. What did you get land bank? What was your topic earlier? So, you have a swap. It does not matter even if you get the same topic make sure that it is not your own mind map that is all. Hey can you all see this? Right. So, this is done by one group and corrected by another group the group which has submitted is 046 which is the group having the star number 046. Here is a another group by 005 who have made the corrections which is here. So, they have given some pointers now I wanted your feedback on the corrections they have made. So, they have added a bubble called myths right. So, life at IITB there are some myths around right. So, you wanted do you agree with that bubble? Is it necessary? So, 046 your comment on that. So, do you feel there should be a bubble called myths at myths about life at IITB? Will it make it more interesting or not necessarily it should be ok. And they have classified actually moral values within myths why is that by the way can you explain? If we are saying that IIT life in IIT is a learning experience in moral values then that can actually be a myth. So, it is like a loop now is what you say and why do you say that this is a future. So, from advantages here added one more bubble called future prospects right now give it to me. So, these are. So, what is connecting to that? So, you want learning experience? Yes, they take advantage in future. Ah ok. So, they talk about two different levels of IIT. Once when you are here and once you are out of IIT. So, there are two different types of advantages they are not one and the same that is what you meant right you keep it with them. So, how to enjoy is connected to learning experience right why is that. So, here this one. So, this is the connection you have given. So, why is that learning experience and how to enjoy is it like work hard play hard type of thing. So, how to enjoy while you are learning is that what you meant ah ok. So, do you agree with that connection? It is ok can take it ok. So, anything you wanted to change. So, what is that slash weekdays? Yeah use the micro. So, ok. So, life at IITB is separate on weekdays and weekends that is what you meant right ok. But there is something called weekends. So, you wanted to have counterpart of that called weekend weekdays ok. Has anybody else finished their editing of mind map? Just pass it on you have another version of life at IITB right show me ok. So, here is another take on life at IITB and this is done by 043 who is 043 ah ok. You are a single person group. Actually you are absent. So, you did on your own and sent it off ok good. So, single person. So, that was by the way it was very much identical to the earlier one. So, did you sit together while doing it? It was almost copied I I did not print it because I thought it was same. What was the difference by the way tell me? No difference that was a sheer case of plagiarism that was a sheer case of plagiarism ok. Interesting thing can happen because another group has has modified the their mind map. So, one group I had modified one mind map and the other group has same mind map has been modified by another group. So, let us ask them why what modifications they did that and why. So, what is this? So, you wanted to say exams is one thing and then you have one A and one B. Education is secondary by the way. No, but one word of caution to this group especially. You have cut too many things that then you have written them actually. So, you have cut too many times what you have written. So, that is good at the brainstorming level, but I think because you all missed your first class right. So, that is why you have formed a new group here and that is why you have been erasing a lot of things. So, when when such point comes you just debate between yourself first of all and then put it on the paper that is easy for people to follow. Also why do you have this double-sided arrows? So, is it a loop kind of thing? Achai you wanted to make facilities at the as the primary level and hostile life is a part of facilities. Is that what you said? Okay. North Indian food is. So, North Indian food is part of facilities or it is a separate separate chunk itself. Okay. How many people agree that North Indian food should be the primary level bubble here? How many people agree? There is one person in your favor, but not many. Okay. So, what it brings out is that people often have. So, overall whatever you have seen the mind maps. Now, please pass on to the front rows because we will be just collecting them right now. So, even if you have done some work it is okay. You can just pass it on to the front row. I wanted to show you how others have created the mind map so that you can compare with your work and their work. Also, if you have done some corrections that will be the okay. Here is one by the time you just put it. Where is 006? Roll number 006. Star roll number 006. Okay. So, you did this mind map right and it was about social media and you had disadvantages and advantages at the two main bubbles. So, the suggestion is given by 034. Where is that group? Okay. So, you said that helpful in disaster and so, what is view propagation is the first thing right? You wanted to have. Can you just explain the mind map probably from there? You have added couple of bullets. I can see that. Okay. Okay. Second is I cannot read it myself actually from the thing, but I will read it for you. This is the second which says information. So, you say social media is playing an important role in disseminating some information. That is why. Okay. The whole motivation of this exercise was to evaluate each other's mind maps and see if you can read the same story like at least similar story if not the same story. And obviously, people have added couple of other things. Lot of groups did this advantages, disadvantages and only two bullets and nothing beyond that. So, and there was like too many tertiary and fourth level bullets into that. Okay. So, when we want to execute our planning level. So, we had our presentation in the complete spread out visual kind of outlook which is a mind map and we want to go ahead of that and execute it as a proper presentation. So, we need. So, our primary bullets we can call them because the topic is already social media for example. And we have this primary bullets as our topics for within a slide. We have sub topics which we already have written. So, if you see people who are having like five or six primary topics have a presentation of five slides definitely with them. And what people who had already some visuals with that also have some visuals along with the topic. So, the presentation is almost there now. It's only a matter of how you want to actually convert it into a software which will give you create, facilitate it to create a slide presentation. But the important point here is to remember to use short phrases instead of sentences. And that is very, very common mistake I have found in across presentations. So, not only sentences people have a tendency to write paragraphs which is even worse. And they also presented in such a way as if the people who are sitting in front can't read. So, then read that entire paragraph also on top of that which is even worse. So, please avoid such things. If you have too many things in that topic and subtopic make multiple slides of that that is very. So, I will just try to show you. Yeah. So, last year actually we had taken up this subject for the brainstorming thing. And this is one of the slides which emerged out of the brainstorming session and the mind map. But after we got that we can loosely classify them what is the topic, what is a subtopic, what are bullets, what are sub bullets and what is the image. What I want you to see carefully in this slide is the weightage is given to different things and the hierarchy given. Let me tell you that all the softwares allow you actually don't allow you allow you to change it, but by default give you a very good way of presenting the hierarchy in a default way. So, the moment you say topic if you are using Beamer or something you can immediately say topic, subtopic and it will organize the font sizes and the weightages of font size automatically. Similar thing happens in PowerPoint. The problem starts when people overrule these default settings and then change the fonts and colors of that. So, the result is very bad sometimes where the subtopic is more prominent than the topic itself or vice versa. So, this should be avoided. Also look at the size of the image in that earlier one. But when we say that use of graphics is coming to the point. So, we actually now enter the visual communication part. Let us now see what are the basic types of graphics available, which are the different types of graphics available and I am classifying it into static and the motion graphics. Within static graphics I would like to show you a range of various things. This is a slide which shows you actually the mapping of what function is your graphic going to do and accordingly what is the type of graphic you should select for that. I will go in detail of that by showing examples of each and every point, but this is there in the presentation. So, you can see it for yourself. The first point which is. Yeah, yeah we have the last time slides are also available even this. Slide slides are not accessible to us. Not accessible to you. No, no, no. This slide Moodle you will upload on this Moodle. Okay. So, we will I will upload this on Moodle so that you can carefully look at the slide which I just presented earlier. But now I am coming to a point called types of graphics and this is the very first type of graphic which is used most commonly. And some people who were actually making who did that photographic mind map of Tum Tums? Somebody did that, right? Which one? This group, that, okay. So, you had used different types of graphic. Now, I will be explaining different types of graphics already. Just try to see what fits where, right? So, I am giving you definitions of different types of graphic. So, when you had the primary image, do you have it? Does somebody have that? So, probably we can switch between these two. Are the other mind maps back on the front row high? It is there. Sandeep, can you get that? So, the basic type of graphic is called the decorative graphic which normally is only to attract the attention of a person. It is entire text thing available and in between you need to have attraction point which is used by using a decorative graphic. It just adds aesthetic appeal to the whole thing. Now, this was a mind map submitted by this group where the Tum Tums of IITB was the central idea. So, they used a photograph of Tum Tums. But just look at it. You will probably not be able to see it. But you had a photograph for overcrowding where you actually had a picture of students clinging to the entire bus at wherever point possible like doors, windows and all that thing, right? So, that photograph was very apt for the topic what you wanted to say overcrowding and that is not a decorative graphic by the way. So, I will just come to that. Why? What is the difference between this graphic and that graphic, right? So, this is decorative graphic typically is used by newspapers a lot. Just to break the monotony of text they use a graphic called decorative graphic. But representational graphic is a step ahead and that. It will give you the actual picture what is happening. So, a photograph of the situation is mostly used that. In modern times a screenshot is a very effective graphic for representing something. So, when the text says that you click here and if you right click three options will come up and you select the center option. That text is well represented if you have a screenshot of the same thing because then people will have less confusion about what happens well, right? There are some things called mnemonic graphics where we associate visual with the text. How many people remember this like if I ask you question how many days October has? So, lot of people suddenly do this, right? So, this is this is permanently embedded in your system that you have to associate this. This has actually no there is no where you actually have seen this picture probably, but it has been told to you and it has already embedded in your system that whenever I have to find out 30 days and 31 days of month of any month I will just do this. So, these are mnemonic graphics which have a larger impact actually. If you do something like this it has been proven by theories especially for the primary children to associate C for cat using a shape of C and the cat together. This is called a mnemonic graphic. Then there are something called organizational graphic. So, these are mainly to tell you the qualitative relationship between each other. So, this map is a very good example of that. So, map will tell you that hostel 14 is far away from main gate probably it will not tell you how much distance directly at time, but there are to the scale maps also available, but most probably it will tell you in first glance it will tell you that it is far away. So, this qualitative relationship is very easily established, but if you want quantitative relationship to be shown what can you use any guesses. If you want to show quantitative relationship between the data what you are presenting whatever you have yeah exactly. So, you can use graphs and pie charts and there are n number of graphs and pie charts available and I will come to that in subsequent slides. There are something called transformational graphics which actually help you illustrate things which have a time is the factor which keeps changing and you have the object changing accordingly. When you want to represent that in a static graphic this is the way it is done. So, there are again lot of studies showing how this is effective and at times it has been proved that it is more effective than a video because the retention is very high. If I show you a video of the same thing it is very difficult for you to pause at a proper place where the teacher wanted you to see a particular phase of that particular action and then understand it. On the other hand if a graphic is presented to you that the pulley is at center or pulley is at the end. So, these phases or stages are shown very nicely using a transformational graphic. So, that is why it is found to be very interesting. But what it does not do is this thing it will not help you to interpret things. This is one step ahead of that where you want to illustrate a principle or a process where it has multiple forces acting along with what is happening inside. So, the arrows and the direction of the arrows may be multiple colored arrows also will be used in that will be very helpful for explaining a particular principle that start from there and you can add on numbers to the same thing to illustrate the entire principle. So, that in one picture you can do this. So, can you just see where this was happening. So, what is the center picture because we have just said term terms at IITB it is just a decorative graphic because you just have to show a term term that is all right. But when you say overcrowding you have shown the overcrowded bus which actually means representation of what is happening actually. So, that is how you can. So, if you had a map. So, you had mentioned that the roots are bad or something. So, there you could have used a map and that that could have said about a qualitative comparison between the two. So, loosely this is how the mapping is done. So, for facts representational graphics are the best bet although these researchers have not confirmed that this is the only way to show that, but most of the time it is proven that this mapping works fine for the kind of content you are going to use. So, it depends on the content what you are trying to do you can easily select the type of graph. As I said for the qualitative quantitative thing which I have specially included because the kind of audience I am talking to today will have these cases most of the time. So, you want to represent data for year 2006 and 2007 and instead of a table graph would be much more easy to explain because visually you can see what is the difference between the two. On the other side you see this kind of table what is wrong with this table. So, we have to have a table about this that is fine, but what is the problem with this table? Any guesses? Rho, you cannot add up, they do not add up to 100. That is a kind of a mathematical problem, but let us talk about the visual problem in this. They do not add up to 100 is well taken. It should be sorted in terms of you mean to say the percent poverty column. So, what can be done to make it look better? So, denomination should be same. So, if it has two decimals after the point then everything should have even if it is zero. So, this will be better to understand as compared to this. So, how many people have seen such tables on the left hand side which I have been just because you know what the data is, but not necessarily the other person who is reading your paper will understand what you wanted to say. Similarly, here is another graph. It shows data from 1940 to 2000. What is wrong with this graph? The granularity problem. So, you do not have any data after like 10000, but still you have shown it up to 50000 for no rhyme or reason. You just show it this much and it should be good enough for you to explain what you wanted to say. So, such things are very important and for example, here is representation of phases. You wanted to say phase 1, phase 2, phase 3. I have taken deliberately examples from technical writing because you are going to write more and more content in that area. So, I am deliberately examples are chosen only from that point of view. So, there are phases that you do something in the first stage, second stage, third stage. It is very important that you have a box for that stage so that people do not mix up stages between 1 and 2 and 3 and the arrow tells you how you go to that. So, here is what we are nearing to the end of the class today. So, here is the assignment again. It is a visual assignment. You have to create a presentation from the mind back what you have submitted. Then add suitable graphics based on today's lecture. Now, just have a look at those fact principle type of content what you are using and then add accordingly whatever graphics you have. But the last bullet is very important and that is the most important bullet for the slide. You have to create a graphic which is not suitable for that. It is a bad graphic or a counter graphic and you have to mention that this is a counter graphic slide on the top. So, that I know otherwise I will maybe while evaluating I will find more counter graphic slides in the whole presentation is a bad idea. So, just announce it that this is the bad graphic slide. Let me take a call whether other slides are also bad graphic slides. Next class would be based on the presentations what you submit and we would be discussing some of the presentations here. And then we will be looking at the impressed part that after you have the presentation in place how will color schemes and typography make it impressive than what it was. So, that would be the next class. So, I wish to see maximum presentations before 6 am that day. So, keep me up, keep me up. Thank you.