 Oxide and calcogenide nanoparticles have great potential for use in biomedicine, engineering, agriculture, environmental protection, and other research fields. The mycosynthesis of nanoparticles with fungal cultures, their metabolites, culture liquids, and mycelial and fruit body extracts is simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly. The characteristics of nanoparticles, including their size, shape, homogeneity, stability, physical properties, and biological activity can be tuned by changing the mycosynthesis conditions. This review summarizes the data on the diversity of oxide and calcogenide nanoparticles produced by various fungal species under different experimental conditions. This article was authored by Ekaterina Elostinina, Elena P. Vechinkina, and Maria Ekupryashina.