 The History of Biological Nitrogen Fixation, BNF, in Brazil has been studied for over 40 years under the leadership of Johanna Dobriner. Notable achievements include the discovery of various nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as rhizospheric, bigerinchea flaminensis and azodobacter pastali, associative, azospirilim lipophram, A, brasilence, A, amazonense and endophytic, herbaspirum seropedicae, H, ribosobalbicans, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, burkholduria brasilensis and B, tropica. The role of these diazotrophs in association with grasses, mainly with cereals, has been studied and many advances have been made in the ecological, physiological, biochemical and genetic aspects. The mechanisms of colonization and infection of the plant tissues were better understood and the BNF contribution to the soil-slash-plant system was determined. Inoculation studies with diazotrophs showed that endophytic bacteria have a much higher BNF. This article was authored by Jose I. Baldoni and Vera LD. Baldoni. We are article.tv, links in the description below.