 The study found that the total value of ecosystem services provided by land-based commons in India is estimated to be approximately 0 million per year. The study also projected that if current trends continue, the value of these services could decrease to billion by 2050. This would result in a loss of 0 million per year. The study emphasises the importance of using ecosystem services valuation in decision making and policy to protect and sustainably manage commons in India. This article was authored by Harpinder Sandhu, Wei Zhong, Ruth Mainz and Dick, and others.