 Students, now we are going to see research questions of the study. Research questions of the study actually we develop on the basis of the research objectives. And research questions define the nature and scope of a research project as well. And in a research question, researchers focus their intention on certain puzzles or issues and a research question influence the scope and depth of the research as well. And a research question point towards certain research strategies and methods of data collection and analysis and research questions set expectations for outcomes. The research question in quantitative research is determining what I have just told you. For example, in the study methodology, which research design will be used in quantitative research? Will there be survey research? Will there be experimental research? Will there be content analysis? Or will there be historical comparative research? Which research design will be used in these four? We know this research question. And in the same way, the research question sets our expectations as well. What level of research will you investigate from our research project? What is the level of exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? And the research question also tells the scope of the study, whether the study is of the national level, the provincial level, or the study of a small community level. According to Blake, research questions are of three main types. We write three types of research questions with what, with why, and with how. So the questions we develop with what, the answers we look for are descriptive in nature. In that sense, we do not test any hypothesis, but we look at the prevalence of a social problem, or the prevalence of a social issue. Why questions seek understanding and explanation? Why questions are theoretical postulates and our hypotheses? We try to test them. And we see how the variables of the study are linked to each other. What is the nature of the independent variable of the independent variable? Their nature of the relationship is positive, negative, and how strong the relationship is or is weak. And how questions seek appropriate interventions to bring about social change? So how questions are basically applied to research, we focus more on that. And we try to see how our intervention affects social change. So if we compare these questions with research objectives, we find out that if your research objective exploration or description is there, then your research question will start with what? And if your research objective explanation and understanding is there, then your research question will start with why? Similarly, if you are predicting or intervening or evaluating something, or you are doing an impact assessment, then these four research objectives will start with what? With this, if you are doing an evaluation and impact assessment, then the research questions on the secondary level will start with why? If you are looking at the research question, then this is only used for intervention. When we are testing a theory in basic research or understanding a phenomenon, then we do not start with how. Students, I will give you an example of research questions. For example, we have written what is the nature of the relationship between fear of coronavirus and the adoption of preventive behavior among people. So this research question is not explorative, it is descriptive or we will write it with a predictive research objective. So if we look at it as explorative or descriptive, the reason is that we know the independent variable and the dependent variable. We denote the independent variable with IV and we denote the dependent variable with DV. We are looking at the relationship between these two research questions that what is the nature of a relationship? So the nature of a relationship, we did not give it a direction that it is a positive relationship or that it is a negative relationship. So when we do not give it a direction in a research question that there is a positive and there is a negative relationship, then we call such research questions as non-directional research questions. And on the same basis, when we make this hypothesis, we also make directional and non-directional hypotheses. So we will talk about it in detail in the next module. This is the second example here. What are the most effective communication strategies for increasing voter turnout among under-30s in Pakistan? So this research question is descriptive in nature. That is, its research objective will be descriptive because we are not talking about any prediction in this. We are not discussing any relationship. In fact, we are trying to understand a social issue. If we talk about the third example, then we will see this research question. How have economic, political and social factors affected patterns of homeless in Pakistan over the past 10 years? So this research question is about homelessness. So this research question is different from those two. And how does restricting cell phone use in school affect student social integration? So this is an intervention-based research question. What are we doing here? We are restricting cell phone use. And after restricting the cell phone use, we want to see how students' social integration affects them. So I have told you different examples of research questions of the study. We have related them with our research objectives.