 some people. Oh, okay. Welcome to class the course BC 314 media and technology and ministry. We're just going to pray together and get started. Can somebody please unmute your mic and just pray with the class. I'm sure the others will join in soon. Could somebody pray please? Okay, we'll pray. Father good, we come before you. You're thrown once again. Father good, Father. We just say thanking you, Father God, to the subject and thanking you, Father God, to your work, Father God. Father God help the whole student. They can join Father God, the subject and give you wisdom and knowledge, Father God that we can understand the subject and apply to your kingdom. Thank you, Father. Almighty Jesus, name be pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Yeah, I hope the others will be able to join in. Okay, so last, so we are now in the section where, thanks Gannon for connecting back. We are in the section now where we are talking about digital equipment. Basically, just I'm just sharing with you some information that will be useful when you have to make decisions in this area. Last week, we talked a little bit about the software and the video editing software and so on. I know there were some problems with my connection. So part of it, I think was lost. And anyway, I'll just quickly review that document. Then today, I want to share some thoughts about cameras. You know, of course, part of the media ministry, you will have to take a lot of pictures. So talk a little bit about cameras. Each of you may or may not be using the cameras. Most likely, you won't be using it because you will be probably busy ministering the word, preaching or ministering to people. But what actually happens, you know, especially in the local church context is at some point, you know, they will come to, you know, people who are handling media in your church will come to say, you know, we need to buy a camera. We need a good camera for the church. So that's when they will have you, you know, you'll get involved. Even though you're focusing on the ministry, you know, to make a decision what camera to buy. And so at least you should have some idea about that. Then we will get into talking about the public other system, the PA system. It's good to have an understanding of how it works and what are some things to look out for. So at least you can tell the people, you know, your media people, whether they are volunteers or whether they are others, you know, look out for these things. When you're talking about the public, the PA system, which is the mic and the speakers and the mixer and all of that, you know, what do you look out for? So we're going to cover, we try to cover as much as we can and we continue this tomorrow. Right. So let me go ahead and share the PDF. And I'm just setting it at a level from which you would need to make decisions. You know, so we talked about this digital equipment. We talked, we spoke about graphic software and I've given you the names and, you know, if you're volunteers or people come to you and say we need graphic software, you can tell them to start using some of the free versions. And these are really good actually like Canva and Express. These are good. They can get started with this later on, you know, if you want to, you can buy licensed versions. Similarly, with the video editing software, you can tell people, you know, get started with using the free video editing software. You don't always have to go directly to buy professional. Start with the free ones, which are very good. And then you can later on, you know, when you have money and when you have people are experienced, you can buy licensed version. Otherwise, just do editing with the free ones. Right. And we just used, we mentioned some of the terms or terminologies people will mention when they are talking to you about video editing, color, you know, and so on, so that you just understand, you have some idea of what is happening when they're doing video editing. Similarly, with desktop publishing, that means if you want to create brochures, magazines, you want to create a newspaper for your ministry, a digital newspaper, like a newsletter with a few pages in it. And a lot of these things can be done online for free. So you can use these, you know, you can use the Creative Cloud Express and do it online and create these brochures and so on, but in nice graphics and everything. Right. So, and for media presentation, this is what some of you, you know, are familiar with ProPresenter or EasyWorship that you could use for media presentation. So we did this last week. Today, we'll talk a little bit about camera photography and then get into the all of PA system. So it's generally speaking, you know, most smartphones today, many of us have these smartphones, which can, I can take good photographs. And so this, you know, to get started, that would be more than enough. And typically, we recommend people, you know, do your shoots in a horizontal or landscape mode. You can set it to about 1920 to 1080 pixels, 30 frames per second is, you know, a typical good way of recording or taking, sorry, pictures or videos, of course, we'll talk about videos later. And just basically make sure that there's lighting and noise, reduced noise. Now, at some point, you know, your people may come to you and they say, No, no, phones are okay. But, you know, we need to buy a good camera. And, you know, they will come to you with that request. So then I just want, you know, share some information so that you know, okay, how to make a decision. Of course, the main goal is or the main reason will be they'll say we need better quality photos if we are going to use those photos in our brochures or sometimes for print, especially if you want to print flyers, anvils, or you want to use them in your website, or in social media, you know, they said the quality of our photos need to be better. And that's a very, very valid reason. I mean, smartphones are good. And today, many smartphones can take good pictures. But sometimes when you need quality beyond what a smartphone can give, then you have to go to purchasing a good camera to document and record and so on. So you would look for the quality. You look for also, you know, what is easy to use? How much control you can have over the settings? And do you have a room to grow? So if you're investing in a camera, you want to be able to, you know, use that for the long term? And what are the opportunities? Can you change the lens and so on? And of course, the price will be also a factor that you will look at. So I want to just give you an overview because, you know, something like I said, sometimes people come to you to make final decision, and you just need to have some idea. So smartphone cameras, which all of us are already using on our phones, the advantages, you know, it's very convenient. You can shoot photos anywhere is easy to share. Some constraints are it's, it's a fixed lens, the lens is fixed, you can zoom in and out to minimal using software, your, your photo app, you can do that. But generally, you know, the factors, the lens is fixed with this only so much you can do in terms of movement in and out. And image quality is reasonably good. But it may not be as good, or in some cases, it may not meet the requirement for the final use that people are looking for. So it's basic. And it's good to get started. You know, we can start off using with phone cameras. The next level up is what what we call as point and shoot cameras. These are simple cameras. They're usually very small, and you can easily carry them. But they have a fixed lens, they have a, you know, just one lens permanently attached. You can't change the lens. But what you can do is you can zoom in and out of the lens, which you cannot do in a phone camera, you can do here phone camera, the software will, the app will let you do a little bit. But here, you know, the it's a fixed lens, but the lens can move in and out. So it gives you a wider range compared to a smartphone camera. The point and shoot camera, of course, the quality may be better than smartphone, but not as good as the DSLR camera. So the so basically what happens is in these cameras, the size of the sensor inside the camera, which records the image, which captures the image is different. So DSLR cameras have the biggest sensor in sitting inside. Okay. So they capture the most light, the most details. And that's why they are, you know, very good. Whereas also pointed shoot cameras, they have a small sensor captures. So how much of light you capture, how much of that image you're capturing will determine the quality of the image, right? So the sensor inside the camera is small. And it may not give you manual controls. That means, you know, to fine tune, so that there are three things that determine, you know, the quality of the image, image capture, the shutter speed, the aperture and ISO, I'll explain that later. You cannot have manual control, you cannot adjust it manually. Many of them have autofocus. So you just have a point and shoot. You can zoom the zoom the lens in and out. But beyond that, the other things are usually automatic. So you don't have as much control. But the advantage is it's cheaper, and it's easier to carry around. Then you go up the next level. And the best would be, of course, DSLR cameras. But then you have in between. Yeah, what are known as mirrorless cameras. So in the DSLR, the reason DSLR is a little bulky is because they have a mirror inside sitting inside the camera. And it allows you to actually look through the lens. So the image coming into the lens is on the mirror. And you're able to see it. So you're actually able to see through the lens, what your image is going to be. I'm talking about a DSLR camera. And the sensor that records the image is also bigger, larger sensor. So two differences. It has a mirror inside so you can actually see through the lens. And it also has a sensor that records it. Now in a mirrorless camera, the mirror is not there. So you're only going to see a picture of it displayed for you on a usually on a LCD screen. So and also the sensor is much smaller than DSLR. But the advantage of a mirrorless camera, it's much smaller and lighter to carry around. And it also provides interchangeable lens. So this is an advantage or point in shoot. That means you can change your lens, you want, you know, a wide angle lens, you want different lens, you can change it. Whereas in a point in shoot camera, you cannot. So the mirrorless camera is like one level up than the point in shoot. But it's not as, you know, so the as as high end as the DSLR. So typically, if you can afford to, you would like to buy a DSLR camera for the following reasons. One is, like I said, you can actually look through the lens and see what your actual image is going to look like. It gives you most accurate image. It has a very large sensor, so it's going to record as much of the image as possible. All the light coming in, it's going to record it, capture it. You can also have interchangeable lens, you can change the lens as you wish. So as of today, I know all of this may change next year, because you know, of course, technology around us is changing. But as of today, if you're going to buy a camera and if you can afford it, you'll, it's recommended that you go for a good DSLR camera. But then you have some other options if you want, if you don't want to spend so much, right? The terms of image exposure, that means the image capture, a camera that allows you to operate in manual mode is best because then you can have full control over the aperture, shutter speed and ISO, the light that comes in. So these are three things your media person will be looking at when they are adjusting the camera and just explain to you. So aperture is how much you open the lens, right? So if you open the lens more, obviously more light comes in. If more light comes in, your image is going to be brighter. And or you make the aperture small, if you want to darken the image. So more light, bigger aperture, more light, brighter image, smaller aperture, less light, darker image. So you're adjusting the brightness of the image. So the apertures usually go by this number, f by one by four, f by 22. So if the number is bigger, the, so if the number is bigger, the smaller, that means you're dividing f by 22. So it's going to be a smaller aperture. Another important, another thing that determines is the shutter speed. You know, how quickly can the shutter open and close? Right? So it'll all depend, you know, so you need flexibility. Sometimes you want to keep the shutter open longer, because more light can come in. Sometimes it's so bright, you don't let too much light come in. So you want to quickly close the shutter. So depending on the ambience and the light, your shutter speed is, you need to have different shutter speeds. So here you can see it is one out of 2000 minutes is very fast. The shutter can open and close very fast. Whereas here, the shutter speed is slower. The third thing is the sensitivity to light. So ISO stands for how sensitive is the sensor to light. And if you have a higher ISO, it means that you can shoot in dark situations, because it will pick up even little light, it'll pick it up. It's good. It's good enough for the sensor. So the higher ISO means dark conditions, you can shoot without a flash. But the only thing is if it's because it's more sensitive, it'll pick up more noise, everything will pick up. Right? So you have a tradeoff there. So in adjusting your camera, you're looking at the aperture, how much do you want to open? How quickly do you want to open? And how sensitive you want the sensor to be to the light. So you adjust these things basically, so that you adjust, you know, the brightness of the photo and the depth where you want to focus on, so on, so that you can get a good picture. Right? So this is just information for us to know. Now, other things that you, as far as pictures are concerned is you talk about megapixels. So it's talking about resolution. Now, megapixels are important because they determine the quality or the sharpness of the image. Right? Now, especially if you're going to print something, you need a good mega, you know, good, a higher megapixel so that it can be very sharp. So you will look at something as eight megapixels or 12. Or if you, you know, if you're using it, using those images in video later on, you know, if you want to create a video of different things, obviously, you want a very high quality, sharp image. So you look for something with a higher resolution, you know, so 12, 20, so on. Nowadays, even smartphones, better, you know, smartphones are able to give you good megapixel. But the camera, camera, of course, will help you get very high resolution. Right? The other thing that you would also think of is the frames per second is how many photos can the camera take every second? So you normally would keep it at a decent, you know, 30 frames per second when you're shooting a video. So at least the quality of the video or of using the same camera for video or picture can be good. And another important thing is the advantage with cameras is especially the DSLR and the mirrorless cameras, they can save the image as a raw file. Our phone camera or point and shoot will usually save it as JPEG only. That means once you've got it, got the image, there's not too much you can do to work with the image. Right? Whereas if you have the raw file, then there's a lot of post processing touching up that you can do. You can play with the lighting, play with the colors. And you can make the image better with software. Right? So that's the advantage of using a DSLR or a mirrorless camera. You can because they give you the raw file format and you can work with it. Okay. So lastly, there are a lot of brands that are there Canon Panasonic, so on. You know, so the prices would vary based on the brand as well. If you want more information, you can definitely read up online, so on. Okay. So what we would what I would suggest is, especially in the ministry, of course, you will start off using your smartphone. And then you try to go try to buy a DSLR camera if that's within that's something you can afford. And make use of a DSLR camera. And then over time, you could buy lens, you know, you could, you just have to buy more different lens for different uses that will help get, you know, different qualities of pictures and different kinds of pictures that you're shooting for the ministry. But we can all start with using our smartphones and then think of going up into this. Okay, let me just talk a little bit on, on audio, I go to the next part, then we'll take questions before we close, you know, we can have some discussions. The next part of the PA, the next part of the digital equipment is the sound system, the PA system. Now, this is very important, you know, especially when you're having church service, conferences, seminar, your sound equipment is very important. Now, I will give an introduction, we'll go into the details next class. Now, this is something, you know, we just want us to understand, basically, if you're looking at, suppose this is a stage, you're on the stage here. And this is your auditorium, the people sitting everywhere here. We could have, you know, speakers and mics and everything set up. But if, if things are not set up properly, what people hear will not be clear enough. So for example, you look at the dark red, that is where the sound is optimal. Wherever it is yellow, it's like, okay, people are not going to hear properly. So even though we've got a PA system set up here. And imagine there are people sitting throughout this auditorium. People are sitting in the red or slightly, you know, oranges, they're the ones who are going to be hearing well. The others who are sitting in the yellow and, you know, the green, or even in the light orange here, may not be for them, you know, the sound will be very bad. They may not be able to listen to what is going on, you know, what is being, what is coming off the stage, whether it's a preaching or worship. So ideally, what we want is, we want to have something as much as possible, where, you know, where people are seated, you want to have a good audio, a good sound field. Now, even in this diagram, or in this particular picture, you see how people sitting here in the yellow part, here and all the yellow part here, yellow part here and even at the back, they are not going to be able to have good sound. Just because of the, you know, the way it's set up. There are a lot of factors that go into it. One is, of course, the sound system itself, which we are going to talk about, then the other is the acoustics of, and the other is the mixing, how sound is mixed inside the auditorium, and then also the design of the auditorium itself. Now, the design of the auditorium, you can't do anything about it, because it's already built, if you're renting a hall or, you know, building, it's already done, and that is the architect's responsibility. But what we can do is have a good sound system in place, so that people can, you know, enjoy, whether it's the worship or whether it's the preaching, the sound field throughout the auditorium has to be monitored and done well. Okay. I remember, you know, when we were in our previous locations, in Joseph's, we had some problems, and there would be people who are sitting in front, they'll come and complain, and for whatever reason, everybody, you know, thinks you're to tell the pastor, so they come and say, you know, this sound is too loud for me, too loud. I can't sit here. But then there are people who are sitting in the back of the auditorium, they're complaining, I can't hear. It's not coming. Sound is not reaching, especially in the balcony. We had a balcony there in Joseph's, so people in the balcony will say, I can't hear. People in front will say it's too loud, and so, you know, we had a problem. How are we going to, you know, make the sound uniform, the sound field uniform in our auditorium, so that people are comfortable when they come to worship God and when they come to hear the message, right? So some guidelines is this, and this is something you can check as a pastor, is the sound level also not only is the sound field important, how the sound in the auditorium is distributed, but also the sound level, you know, if the sound level is too hard, it will be damaging for the year. Okay, so if you look at this little chart, so this is all in decibels, so there is background noise, so there is always, you know, some noise, something happening in the auditorium, outside the auditorium, all this background noise. So that's why we need a PA system, you know, people coming in, people moving, all that, this background noise, we don't want people to be disturbed. So we need a PA system so that the sound of what is being preached or the worship should be at a little higher level than the background noise, so starts at 45 dB. But at the same time, we don't want it to be too high, it shouldn't be more than 85, because it'll become painful for people. And I remember some years ago, I went into a church place, this was in the U.S., I was spending a few, I was there for a few months, not a few months, a few month and a half. So I was attending, I thought I'd go into a church, very well known church, they had a small church plant, went in, the noise was so hard, it was so painful, I couldn't sit inside, it was a small gathering, 200 people, I couldn't sit inside the auditorium. Yeah, I mean, there's a small auditorium. It was so loud, and I was even sitting at the back, you know, but it was painful on the ear, you know, and I tried to tell them, you know, this is kind of actually bad for people sitting inside the auditorium, because a normal range should be between, you know, 45 to 65, keep it at that dB. It shouldn't go beyond 85, right? If you go beyond 85, it's damaging the ear drums of the of the audience, you know, and so if it goes higher than that, it can actually cause harm to the ears of the people, right? So you want the sound field to be uniform, you also want the sound level to be kept within this healthy range, 45 to 65, or keep it around 65, but don't go beyond 85. Now, it's very easy to measure, right? You download the app, the sound level meter or decibel meter, put it on your phone, and just turn it on anywhere in the auditorium, and you can easily measure what the sound level is, so it's very simple thing to do. You can have an app on your phone, and you can measure the dB level, you download the sound level meter, decibel meter, onto your phone, and just check. Now, this is also something to pay attention to, like you don't want to just turn up the sound and, you know, cause damage to people's hearing, but you want to keep it at a very comfortable level around 65 dB, right? And so what we will talk about is, okay, these are the components that go into a sound system. I'll just show you one more picture, and then we will stop. So, basically what goes on inside the auditorium, right? So you've got your speakers. So, here we have just shown two speakers, but you've got your speakers, and you've got your mics, so the sound coming in from your mic, they go to a mixer, the front of house, FOH, they go into a mixer, and then they go into these speakers for people to listen. So the person sitting here, a friend of house console, is mixing the sound that's coming in from all the mics people are using, mixing it, sending it back to the speakers. We just shown two speakers, there will usually be much more. He controls what's going out in the speakers, but the speakers have to be positioned, and you've got to have the right kind of speakers to make, create a good sound field in the auditorium and keep the sound level at the optimal level, around 65 dB, keep it at that level. So this person handling the mixer is responsible for that, and usually what happens is sound goes from here to the broadcast room, and from there you would send it out to others, like you may send the output to the live stream, so we will talk about how to do the live stream equipment that's needed. So the sound is going out for live stream, now you have to adjust the sound differently for people on the live stream. Here this person is mixing the sound for people inside the auditorium, but how sound is mixed for people on the live stream is very different. So this person handling the broadcast console is mixing sound for a different audience. So you're sending it to live stream, the audio goes out here, similarly there'll be a video being sent out, we'll give that configuration later. Then there is also somebody doing presentation, right, they may be playing a video, they may be presenting various things which goes out into the auditorium, and as well as there may be others controlling a CCTV or so, and usually what goes out for streaming can also go out on a CCTV, we have overflow room, etc, so sound has to be adjusted for them as well. So what we will cover in this section is basically the equipment that we need here for the in-house, that means or within the auditorium, then after that when we talk about live streaming and so on we will cover what is needed here. So this list here which we will go through, basically of course you need microphones, so you need to know okay what are some of the microphones there, the monitor speakers, the PA speakers, now the equalizers that you have and the mixers that you have to mix all the sound and change the sound effects, amplifiers you may need and whether they're built in to the speakers and so on, and so all of this together, all of these things together will then determine your sound field and your sound level, the acoustics, the what the people hear inside the auditorium. So you need to have some understanding and eventually you will be buying this equipment for your church, your ministry, so we will go through these things so you will know in the making of the decisions what to do. All right so today we've just done the introduction part which is making sure the sound field inside the auditorium is uniform, covers your audience and also the sound levels are kept at the optimal level, it's very easy to check, put the app on your phone and just tell somebody, hey just look, you know, go around the auditorium see the sound levels are okay, what is sound level in different places, is it coming through, you can easily check it and then and then we will get into talking about you know these different components that are needed for the PA system inside the auditorium. Okay I'm going to stop here and any questions on what we covered like either the camera side or the introduction to the PA side, any questions, are you all following me or is it getting too technical, it's all clear, any questions? Thomas, Kanan, Dave, is it out, okay I got it. Rory, when we do practically only we can, you would understand more ideas. Yes, yes, yes, it's true, yeah and this is a lot of information but you know at least you've got some thoughts to keep, you know when you go inside, when you practically start doing things, just remember some of these things and try it out, it's not difficult, you know, try these things out and use it and especially guide your people, the media team, volunteers, give them guidance so they can make use of it. Okay so tomorrow we will get into the equipment, I don't want it to become too technical but enough for you to know that okay when I buy a mic I must think about this, when I buy a mixer I must think about this or at least tell my people think about this before you make your purchase. Okay so like that we will cover the PA system then we will go into the other part like video, live streaming, very important because these days you know people expect live streaming so we'll cover those things. Okay let's close, just request somebody to pray and then okay if there are no questions we can close right, somebody can pray in real dispass. We like to pray and then we will close. Thomas why don't you pray and Sure I'll pray first. Brother in Jesus name we thank you for this wonderful day. Thank you dad. As we grow the kingdom of God is growing so it's growing the media and technology is very important and powerful thing where we can teach people effectively as we learn certain things about the sound and camera's father help us to keep this in mind when we do it practically let this helpful in our King Church ministry's father that your presence be with us, keep us safe. We thank you, praise you for this wonderful time in Jesus name we pray. Amen. Thank you everybody. I'll see you tomorrow. Have a good afternoon. God bless.