 Ok, my name is Otte Okbunaya, I come from Michael Okbunaya Investor of Agriculture, Omudike, Nigeria. This study is on the impact of social inclusiveness on effective poverty reduction program in aviastate, Nigeria. You know, there is no game saying that poverty is a global challenge today. But the issue is in recent time it appeared at what it has made its nest in Nigeria or in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing world countries. At the last count about 1.03 billion people in sub-Saharan and developing countries are relatively poor. But the issue is not about these people, the major issue is about what Nigeria. In Nigeria at the last count about 112.5 million Nigeria out of the total population of 160 are relatively poor. Statistically poverty rose from 27.2 in 1980 to over 70% in recent time. This simply means that all the interventions that government has been doing over the years to reduce poverty may not have been what effective. Because of corruption, poor sensitization and social exclusion, exclusion of certain set of people that are supposed to benefit from these programs. As a result of this, this study seeks to know who the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries and to analyze gender differential in participation and distribution of benefits among beneficiaries. And importantly to examine the impact, estimate the impact of the different projects, I mean poverty reduction projects on the poverty status of the beneficiaries. The study was conducted in Abya State. Abya State is a state located in the southeastern part of Nigeria. And this study applied a multi-state sampling technique in the selection of 240 households that they were drafted, they were drawn from the communities that benefited from the community-driven project, development project initiated by European Union. European Union assisted micro-project programs in the Niger Delta part of Nigeria and World Bank assisted Abya State poverty reduction program. And at the end of the day, we discovered at what the result, we discovered at what the people or the beneficiary and mostly middle-aged male farmers with low income and bloated household size. The mean of that household is 6 by each family, which is a very large family. And in terms of participation, it was discovered at what there is a male dominance as is represented in this work graph. About 40% of the people that identify the project and implement the project are male. And unfortunately for certain set of people, especially the physically challenged, they were excluded from this project. So this project didn't have any impact on them. The dominance of men gives us the indication that what females still has what equality of what opportunity in terms of the contribution they make to development and the benefit they also receive from such what benefit. And importantly, we try to establish if there is what a higher level of what participation for programs that adopted community-driven development initiative and those that are not. In the past, most of these poverty alleviation programs, they adopt a top-down approach. Unlike this community-driven development initiative, which is what a bottom-top approach. They find it was discovered that more than 69.3% is aware of these community-driven development programs. And what 63%, the difference is not very, very much. But what you will agree with me that there is a deeper what penetration in this program that adopts a community-driven development initiative. But this also implies that there is a need, the sensitization what media adopted is not adequate to stay up participation in this project. Also importantly, we try to find out the impact of this project on the poverty status of the beneficiaries of this project. And first, to achieve this, we use the mean income per month is the poverty index and the head count ratio to measure poverty line, poverty gap and poverty incidents and compare them with past poverty incidents over the years. In 2004, according to National Poverty Survey conducted by National Bureau of Statistics Nigeria, the south-eastern part of Nigeria where other states belong, the poverty level there is about 26.7%. And you will discover that what the poverty gap here is 56.8%. That simply means that poverty in this region has worsen off by about 30%. This is very, very scary. And this simply means that what the gap between the rich and the poor has widen. And there is a total elimination of the middle class in the society. And what we in fact discover is that what most of this fund directed at poverty reduction programs are not properly utilized because of lack of street monitoring of this project. And there is need for these agencies to monitor strictly what happens with the fund that they give in order to alleviate this program. In fact, if you stay at the very where you are and give out fund, what you end up doing is to make what impression. You make impression where if you are at a very long distance, but for you to do make an impact, you really need to come home. And if they are closed, they will be able to monitor this project and what ensure that what this particular section of the people that are important and that are supposed to be included are not what excluded from this project. Corruption is a very big challenge. Corruption expresses itself in the form of what exclusion. It is a progression of fund that are meant for what poverty reduction program need to be what. That comes.