 So my name is Ebert Giverna and I'm a PhD student working at the University of Fren in France. But I spend most of my time on a fortified site located in coastal and interlocked contexts all around Britain. We're about to continue this tour of E-Forts at the age of few or point no, heading to the western part of Brittany, more precisely around the site of Camarvoni, the French city of Brest. Now for those who are not yet familiar with this part of France, the site is located in the western part of Brittany over there. Camarvoni is a wide peninsula of 60 years and its central part measures 500 metres in perimeter, linked to the rest of the interland thanks to a narrow passage which had been fortified during different times. You also see in this picture the natural port of Le Conquet, there still is the place of release for boats, and the Blanc-Salons beach which is one of the largest of all the coastline nearby and interesting with the ice cliff that you see extending to the north. On this topographic plan you have a view of most of the remains. I should precise that the peninsula has a complex chronology of occupation going from the Neolithic to the contemporary times with a lot of archaeological finds for each period of time. Due its complex chronology a few have been said about its proto-historic remains and fortification because you guessed that they have been considerably destroyed and reworked through time. Camarvoni has fortified remains of Haiti in two spots, in the north over there in order to isolate the smaller islands and in the south there to control the entrance from the isthmus. Now I won't talk a little bit about the north part because I will still miss some information but so far the remains could be dating maybe from the final Neolithic period. So back to the isthmus, the fortified remains are as you see quite visible and as visible as the strength identification is complex. So this is the actual view of the bank blocking the access to the peninsula and as you see it is quite massive, 65 meter long, nearly 20 meters wide and more than 2 meters high it's in average. As you see fortification are among those with the most reworked states possible. If we go some decades earlier you see that two blocos were constricted during the World War II within the structure and that certainly destroyed a large part of the proto-historic fortification where potrishels were found before the war. The position was used during the war to have a viewpoint of the surroundings of course controlling access to the peninsula in the course of the Third Reich Atlantic Swap Project. And fully we are looking at maps and drawings between the end of the medieval and modern period because Le Conquet was a famous hour for contributors and all those maps have plenty of interesting information but here I will only show a focus on the emplacement of fortification. So as you see over the time modern forts has been built as well as a guard house indicating Calde-Garde on the map and all of them were constructed to protect the entrance of the album. What I want to show is the mention of medieval mud that existed even before the modern period classification and called there Le Maud du Chateau which is also visible on this drawing. The presence of medieval mud at this emplacement is a situation quite unusual in Brittany where most of the mud have been strutted in the extremity of the crematories. The only other example of form shares a lot of similarities with Carmelvaux and it is also from a coastal site in Ensoac and Texte where a few muds were constructed on the top here of the proto-historic rumpede that did from the Iron Age. It can also mud the presence of natural pores near the site so in both cases the mud took advantage of the proto-historic fortification in order to control the surrounding area. All those historic states of fortification constituted real issues to study the proto-historic rumpede so the actual topographic profile which is about to show the result of the reworked state I just presented you and we must focus on the part subject to erosion in order to understand the entire architecture so it's more like this profile which is possible to study in two parts the first one is about where there is an actual hiking trail in the mass of the rumpede and the erosion makes it possible to study the internal structure made of dry stone and some alignment probably corresponding to the external facing at the defensive of all. There was no archaeological material from this location during our last survey. The second spot is located directly on the cliff still subject to strong meriting erosion. There are a few, a picture from bronze or iron, I1H were found at this location and the stratigraphy showed the early stage of the rumpede as well as what could be maybe the external facing of the defensive wall still made of dry stone stones conserved in at least four coasts of stone. Now the site of the Châtelet located in Indus showed the exact same situation and it was encroached during a survey on the island directing in the course of the collective research project led by Thomas Mignot and this wall commentary as you see is also about a large rumpede dated from the end of the Bronze Age to the Iron Age on the western part this one well an important degree of erosion remains of the fortification so as you see in this photographic model we have a blank and thanks to the erosion you see the remains appearing at least one meter below the actual hiking trail and showing a different state of fortification so the situation is similar. Sorry, back to the presentation. So now that I'm done with the fortified remains I shall focus on the coastal environment near the site. French development is from this called Finister which literally means the end of the earth as is the end of western Cornwall or in England or the Cape Finister in the northern Spain. The term seems to fit with this part of Britain and also with the emplacement of our archaic sites as you see on the screen there are plenty of isles that form the Archivellago of Molena and also the second largest island of Britain called Wesson. Now for the sailor, our seaman of further history time the real age of the no-world is represented by those islands that were densely occupied between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age. Another characteristic of this particle of seascapes lies in its emplacement between the channeled sea and the catalytic sea or ill-wised sea so in other words it is an obligatory element of the sage or ships aiming for the gulf of Mediterranean sea on one side or England, Ireland or even northern France and the other side not to mention the anglo... anglo... Since the protectorate times until now the maritime rules followed by the coastal ships did not change much depending on the maritime condition whether incurrence only pre-route could be taken. The most dangerous one is this one from the sage subject to strong currents and amplified by the wind forces so in order to go off the island of Wesson the fastest and safest ports are the channel of La El and Le Four it also has the advantage it fits with the habits of coasters whether it is for fishing or trade purposes moreover, taking these roads in state of the funver, the sage can easily reduce the day of travel by sea to one or two. For all those reasons the full channel is a maritime rule of great importance even the screen is in the map from the 18th century indicating the coastal environment near the Stake of Carnaval but even with favorable current it stays dangerous due to the presence of aids of walks and the island is all along the channel and it can require for ships to stay at the entrance of history natural ports are a stringing area to wait for better sending conditions and this is exactly what is interesting about the site of Carnaval which is the largest and widest peninsula all along the channel in the particularity to dispose of natural ports as we see as well as which could be used as both string areas Now a quick review of the archaeological data recognized near four channels for the complex seascape during the Bronze and Iron Age for the Bronze Age on the left on the screen there are a lot of burial remains sometimes associated with occupation showing a coastline densely occupied and organized around settlements mostly turned toward the sea but not separated from the rest of the economy but on the continent on the country we well integrated this is the case for a molland recently studied by advanced mining teams but also for the moral site of Mesnotario in Oissan where villages from Bronze to Iron Age first Iron Age were excavated for years by Jean Paul de Lyon delivering a picture of an island enriched by importation during the Iron Age right on the screen less unknown from funeral remains and the occupation seems to be less numerous however, new activities like south border workshops complete a maritime economy turned toward the sea taking full advantage of the relation with the Mediterranean wars already settled during the Bronze Age but now completely rose influence the high-fives sites are also more numerous what is interesting to take into consideration is the evolution of the site due to the variation of the sea level the accessibility as involved turning the site into a naturally fortified peninsula with a hypothetical aspect due to the fact I just presented here here on the 3D model it is generated by LiDAR data from the environment of Cameroon using the thin isthmus connecting the sites to the rest of the intallium as well as the degree from the fortification this data allows you to see a simulation based on topography and marine transgression information the thing were quite different during the Neolithic as you see in the upper part of the screen where the site was not yet a peninsula we believe that it is what could explain the presence of numerous magnetic structure as well as the fortified remains on the top part of the site comparable to some architecture in Vancouver known for Brittany for the final Neolithic the situation became slightly different during the prehistory where sea level turned the site into the actual peninsula then the access could easily be blocked by your empath in order to complete the natural defense of the site and take advantage of this new strategically placed controlling the channel of the fort and bottom of the screen I could not resist to show what the site would become in the future and the bottom of the screen to remind the consequences of the rise of the sea level but this is also a transition to illustrate the interest of prehistoric completion from the Iron Age in the following case for islets near the coastal lines as you see in the site look which is enough of a camera one part were building in order to isolate an entire island from the rest of the territory thanks to the tide the site could be reached twice a day and now with the rise of the sea level you can only be reached by boats the situation is not in any case at least two for example are now under enough parts of Brittany to include a few words I wish to present for the site of Carre-Mauvent a system that seems to repeat on different and coastal sites all around the intertextual and of course it will require a much more precise picture by integrating all the sites from the Carre-Ferce de France but also those from Ireland England and the Channel Islands and the goal was also to go beyond the fortified domain to initiate a talk with those particularly site the plan between Heelfort and Heelfort in French which mean a fortified island were made to compare sites completely similar but with a maritime environment that played the main role and the decision to occupy those strategically places if the remains from the Bronze Age are not as numerous as the one from the Iron Age for the study area we see through the protarest of time the necessity to occupy and control areas for both economical and political reasons the topography seems to to respond to several interests of the local population which saw through the sea a fabric way to interact with other communities and maybe gain in influence Thank you for your attention Thank you