 Hello everybody and welcome to the Japanese class once again. Well, we have been doing a lot of things, we have been learning new forms, new ways of talking in Japanese, new expressions, a lot of kanji characters. Now today also we will do something new, we will learn another new form in Japanese and of course a few kanji characters, a few expressions, a kotowaza, pravab and of course a lot of vocabulary. So, well before that as we always do, let us go over our assignments and see what we have done. So, well the first assignment that I gave you was match the kanji characters with the pictures below. So, there are a few pictures here for you and there were a number of kanji characters below the pictures, you had to match them. So, look at this picture and see, well there is a man sitting under a tree, so what does it look like? It is Yasumi and of course the reading is not given, you have to recognize from the picture and the kanji characters. Then we have Haeru, there is a tree stem or a branch and something over here, another branch coming out or joining in. Haeru, then we have the moon Tsuki or Getsu-yo-bino-getsu. Then we have just the ki, ki which is tree, a hand te. Then we have the sun and the associated meaning with the sun is de-so-nichi and this looks like ashi to me which is feet and this is he, you can see over here, he or as you know kai-obi, kai-obi no ka, so this was your kanji practice. Well, you please write down the hiragana or the readings for it in hiragana and not in roman and practice your hiragana like that. Well, this was given, this was hito similar to Haeru and this was put there for you to find out which one is actually the correct one. Now we have a few fill in the blanks here with words given below, so well there were a few words for you and we will see what the words are. Watashi wa kyou-nen no roku-gatsu ni after time expression ni ryokou-o shimashita. Oka-san to oto-san mo ishiyo datta kara ishiyo deshita, plain form datta kara because they were together tote mo very degree of something tote mo exceptionally very tanoshikatta desu. Tanoshii pastens, tanoshikatta, I was very very happy, ryoshin to issho ni iro iro na omoshiroi tokoro o mimashita, ryoshin is parents, polite for oto-san, oka-san is ryoshin and polite for someone's parents is go ryoshin. We did this polite word go last time, go jyusho, so well another go example is go ryoshin. To issho ni iro iro na omoshiroi tokoro o mimashita, tokoro is place ryoko no toki tenki mo yokatta kara nandemo dekimashita, ii deshita. I have done this video in class, ii is good and pastens for ii is yokatta, nandemo anything deki mashita, I was able to do it. Tatoeba, for example, yama nobori wo shimashita, yama nobori is climbing mountains o shimashita. Bi-jutsukan e ikimashita, bi-jutsukan is museum, takusan oishii fran-suru-yori mo tabemashita, soshite isshukan go ni after isshukan ni again time, tokyou e kaerimashita. You can also use modorimashita over here, which also means to return because you are already living in this place and you are returning to this place. Then watashi wa maitoshi every year, mainen or maitoshi, kazoku to issho ni, kazoku to issho ni ryoko wo shitai, I want to do, kanai mo sou omoimasu or sou omootte imashii, also things like this. Now, there are a few things over here, which we need to do. So, very quickly, I will do with you on the board. First one is dash no toki, toki means at that time, for example, gakkou no toki, when I was in school, daigaku no toki, daigaku no toki, when I was in the university. So you can use toki like this or kodomo no toki, when I was a child. So you can use toki like this very freely. Then you have tatoeba, tatoeba we have already done once, means for example, then you have takusan over here, which is takusan, takusan means I have I think done it once in class earlier, but once again for you, takusan means amount, something that can be counted, that can be measured and means lots and yoku again means lots, but yoku cannot be counted, cannot be measured, it is degree of something, but cannot be measured, cannot be seen. Then what do we have, kairimashita I just told you, modorimasu can also be used, then maitoshi is every year and then we have something over here, so omotteimasu, which I will do a little later, because that is what we plan to do today. Now there are some more Kanji practice for you, write the opposites for the Kanji characters given below, takai, yasui, kuroi, shiroi, iku, kuru or kimasu. And mae, which is front, ushiro, gogo, afternoon, gozen, morning and atarashi, furui. So well, this was Kanji for you, write the hiragana once again for all the characters given here, it will help you, you can practice your hiragana like that. And this was, these are two Kanji characters, just put there for you to find out which one is actually the correct one. Then we have fill in the blank spaces with appropriate interrogative words and particles. So well, the first one is, nomimono wa aishiti ga ii desu ka kocha ga ii desu ka, then kaeru mai ni watashi no heya ni kite kudasai, kaeru mai ni before returning please come to my room. Then ryoko wa doko ga ii desu ka, Rao san donna kagu, kagu is furniture, donna kagu o kaitai desu ka, Rao san wa mou kotatsu o kaimashita ka, mou we did mou last time, mou means already. So Rao san you have already bought a kotatsu, kotatsu is a low line center table, very, very very liked by the Japanese, so they all have a kotatsu at home. Then kondo no yasumi ni doko kae ikimashou ka, doko kae somewhere, densha wa mada desu ne, not yet and mou rokuji desu ka. So we have one more over here, mada which means not yet and mou means with a long sound means already. Mou rokuji desu ka, mou jikan desu ka, it is already 6 o'clock, oh is it time now for whatever activity, mou jikan desu ka and mou kaimashita ka have you already bought it and ii e mada desu or hai, so this I have bought it. So you can use mou and mada like this, then change verb forms and fill in the blank spaces. So let us see, shumatsu ni kon-sa-to o mi-ni ikimashen ka, so miru is given over here, change this form to see, so mi-ni ikimashen ka for the purpose of, then kanji ga muzukashikute cannot read, yomei nai, Tanaka san wa kaisha o tsumori, now what does tsumori take, tsumori takes a plain verb, so yamemasu, yameru tsumori desu, intend to leave, kono hon wa omoshiroi kara yomu is the plain form, please read, yonde kudasai, then Rao san wa kagu o bot kaimashita, kondo no yasumi ni party o let's do shimashou, then watashi wa mainichi busu de don't want to go, ikitaku nai. Mou jikan desu, hayaku ikimashou, already it is time, let's go very quickly, then onaka ippai desu kara, mou cannot eat, taberare masen, onaka is stomach, ippai is lots to eat, thus I cannot eat any more, mou taberare masen, cannot eat any more, then watashi wa isha ni naritai, I want to become a doctor. So, this is some of your change the forms, work forms, practice these. Now, there is a small radio dialogue for you, just listen to the dialogue and then I will do the explanations. Rao san wa ima doko desu ka? Watashi wa ima deri misundemasu. Deri wa endo no shuto desu ne? Deri wa donna machi desu ka? Kiri de okina machi desu. Deri to tokyo to dochira ga oki desu ka? Yoku wa haganai kedo tokyo no hoga deri yori okii to omoimasu. Jaa deri to tokyo to dochira ga furui desu ka? Deri no hoga tokyo yori motto furui kamushire masen. Well, I will read it out once to you and then let me see how much you have understood. Tanaka and Rao. Tanaka san to Rao san no kaiba desu. Kaiba is conversation as you know. Rao san wa ima doko desu ka? Watashi wa ima deri ni sundemasu. Deri is deri. Deri ni sundemasu. I am living in deri. Deri wa endo no shuto desu ne? Deri wa donna machi desu ka? Kiri de okina machi desu, okina. So you will notice that oki is an I adjective, but sometimes na is also used with okina and also we have another adjective which is chi-sai, chi-sa-na, chi-sa-na is used. So these two adjectives do take na after them sometimes. As you can see over here, kirei de okina machi desu. Deri to tokyo to dochira ga oki desu ka? We did this last time. Deri to tokyo to dochira ga oki desu ka? Yoku wakaranai kedo. Yoku again you know. I do not know much about this, lots about this, but tokyo no hou ga deri yori oki to omoimasu. I think that tokyo is larger than deri. Ja, deri to tokyo to dochira ga furui desu ka? So desu ne, you could also add this in your kai wa. So desu ne, when you actually want some time to think, deri no hou ga tokyo yori motto furui kamoshiremasen. I am not sure, but deri could be more older than tokyo. Kamoshiremasen to omoimasu is what we are going to do today. So please concentrate on those two things. Well, this is in your script. There are a few kanji from here which we will do. For example, machi, tokyo and a few others omoimasu and this is translation in English. So well, you can go over it. Now, what we have to do is to omoimasu. You can see what is written over here. To omoimasu indicates the opinion of the speaker and translates to I think that I thought that in English it is preceded by verb in plain form, adjectives and nouns. And there are a lot of examples given over here. For example, the first one is honwa, honwa omo shiroi to omoimasu. I think, it means I think that the book is interesting. Honwa omo shiroku nai to omoimasu, simple. Honwa omo shiroi, you understand this. Honwa omo shiroi desu, that the hon is interesting, 100% sure that the book is very, very interesting. But if you say honwa omo shiroi to omoimasu, I think that the book is interesting, then you are not 100% sure definitely. So, this comes to about 80%, 85%, 75%, whichever way you want to take it, that you are not very sure but yes, to a great extent you can say that the book is interesting. So, honwa omo shiroi to omoimasu and if you want to say omo shiroku nai, so if you say honwa omo shiroku nai, omo shiroku nai desu, 100% I did not find the book interesting. Now, if you say honwa omo shiroku nai to omoimasu. So, you are just softening your statement also and not saying directly that I did not like the book omo shiroku nai to omoimasu. I think that the book is not that interesting. Well, then you have genki, kodomo wa genki desu. Kodomo wa genki desu, exactly like this. Na-adjective, kodomo wa genki desu or genki da to omoimasu. I think he is in good health or kodomo wa genki ja arimasen genki ja nai to omoimasu. I think he is not in good health. So, well, what can you notice now from here? One thing is very clear that whatever comes before to omoimasu will always be in plain form. Omoimasu means to think, I think so, I thought so and to over here is a particle which shows whatever is being said over here is actually coated. So, it is more of a quotation particle used with omoimasu and a number of other verbs as well. So, well, you have genki and i-adjective over here and then you have verbs over here. You can see exactly like this. Hon-o-yomimasu. I will read the book or I am about to read the book. Hon-o-yomu omoimasu again in plain form and over here yoma-nai to omoimasu. You can see it very clearly. I will write it once again for you all of you and remove all the extra part. You can see over here yomu and yoma-nai. Yomu and yoma-nai. Yoma-nai to omoimasu. Genki da to omoimasu. Genki janai to omoimasu. So, you can see very clearly that to omoimasu will always take plain form for i-adjective, na-adjective and verbs. Then you can practice here. There is a small conversation. Rao san wa jimushitsu ni imasu ka iru to omoimasu or inai to omoimasu. I think he is present and I think he is not present. Now, you can replace jimushitsu with hon. Rao san wa hon-o yomimashita ka yonda to omoimasu and yomanakatta to omoimasu. I think he has read. I think he has not read. Rao san wa tegami o kakimashita ka kaitta to omoimasu. Kakanakatta to omoimasu. I think he has written. I think he has not written. Or you can also say over here, kodomo wa tegami o kakimashita ka kaita to omoimasu. Kakanakatta to omoimasu. Rao san, kamera wo kaimasu ka? kau to omoimasu. Kawanai to omoimasu. I will buy, I think. I think I will not buy. Or Rao san, ashita kaisha e ikimasu ka? Hai iku to omoimasu. I think I will go. Iie ikanai to omoimasu. I don't think I will go. Rao san wa shumatsu ni watashi no uchi e kimasu ka? tabun kuru to omoimasu yo. Maybe he will come or tabun konai to omoimasu. Maybe he will not come. So, you can practice to omoimasu in this manner and use it very freely because it helps you in conversation and telling something for which you may not be very sure. For example, you can see over here, what does this show? This is a kyou shitsu. Kore wa kyou shitsu desu ne. Sensei ga ima hairimashita. Soshite, seito tachi wa ima swatte imasu. Ima nanji desu ka? Kuji desu. Kurasu wa nanji ni hajimarimasu ka? Minna hanashite masu yo ne ima. Kurasu wa nanji ni hajimarimasu ka? Kuji desu kara kurasu wa kuji ni hajimaru to omoimasu. You can see it is in plain form. Then again we have another class. Sensei wa ima oshiete imasu. A-I-U-E-O ima kokuban ni ne kaite arimasu kara mite kudasai. Soshite, seito tachi wa sensei no koto okiite masu. Ima juuji han desu. Kurasu wa nanji ni owarimasu ka? Juuji han ni owaru to omoimasu. His friend is telling him juuji han ni owaru to omoimasu. So, you can practice omoimasu like this. Now, as I told you a little while ago, particle to is used with omoimasu is also used with imasu. And this is similar to direct and indirect speech, though in Japanese it is not very clear what is direct and what is indirect. Just by adding to before imashita, automatically what comes before to is in quotes. Please remember that. And as with omoimasu or to omoimasu, before to imashita also the verb is in plain form. As you can see from the example over Rao san wa eigawa omoishiroi to imashita. He was saying that the picture is interesting. Rao san wa eigawa omoishirokunai to imashita. He said that the picture was not interesting. Okaasan wa genki desu or genki da to imashita. He said that okaasan was genki. Okaasan wa genki janai to imashita. He said that okaasan is not in good shape. Okaasan wa genki datta to imashita. He said that his mother was in good health or genki janakatta to imashita. Now with verbs as well, Rao san wa eiga omiiiku to imashita. Rao san was saying that he will go to see the film. Rao san wa eiga omiiikanai to imashita. He said that he will not go and see the film. So, this is how to imashita is used in a similar manner as to omoimasu is used, which we saw just now. And then there is another way of using to imasu. Now, what is that? Let us see very quickly. Now, you can practice this. Well, Rao san to yu hito o shitte imasu ka? It is a small conversation. Then I will tell you how it is to be done. Rao san to yu hito o shitte imasu ka? Hai, watashi no tomodachi desu yo. Doushite kimasu ka? Why are you asking? Nani ka arimashita ka? Did something happen? Is there a problem? Kono aida the other day kaigi de atta toki ni kare wa anata o shitte iru to itte imashita. So, there are a lot of things over here to imashita. He said that or he was saying that or he said ega wa omo shiroi to imashita. Now, we have a different, this is direct and indirect speech in quotes, but we have something very different over here. Rao san to yu hito o shitte imasu ka? Rao san to yu hito. Rao san to yu hito. This is not to imashita. To yu hito is person who is called Rao san. Is what it means? This person hito who is called Rao san. This person do you know shitte imasu ka? Hai, watashi no tomodachi desu yo. Doushite kimasu ka? Why are you asking? Kono aida that day the other day kaigi de atta toki ni. We just now did toki earlier, kodomo no toki, kodomo no toki or gakusei no toki atta toki ni. Meaning, when I met him atta toki ni, tabeta toki ni when I had it. Itta toki ni when I went. So, ta past tense plus toki ni at that time. So, at that specific time when a certain activity happened. Verb in past form plus toki ni, kaigi de atta toki ni. The other day when I met him at the meeting, karei is hi wa anata wo shitte iru to itte imashita. He was saying that he knows you. So, well there are a lot of things here. Hashi to yu mono. Hashi to yu mono is a thing which is called hashi or ohashi. Ohashi is chopsticks. Hashi to yu mono de tabemasu. So, mono which is called hashi. One eats with that. Then, enpitsu to yu mono de kakimasu. Enpitsu to yu mono de kakimasu. Mono, a thing which is called enpitsu, sore de kakimasu. So, this is how you would use to yu mono. Kanji to yu mono wa musukashii desu. Kanji to yu, this thing which is kanji is a little difficult. Now, there was a word over there, kamoshire masen. Now, please remember that kamoshire masen is in the negative. There is only one form for kamoshire masen, which is this, which is in the negative, but it has nothing to do with the negative at all. It means 50% the work is going to be done. For example, if you say ashita watashi wa ikimasu. When you say this, then this is 100% that you will go or watashi wa ashita ikimasen. I will not go. Watashi wa ashita iku to omoimasu. I think I will go tomorrow. So, I am not very sure like here that I will go. I think that I will go. Watashi wa ashita ika nai negative to omoimasu. I think I will not go tomorrow. So, I am again not very sure, but over here I am 100% sure. Now, if I say watashi wa ashita iku kamoshire masen, then I may or may not go tomorrow. Watashi wa ashita iku kamoshire masen or ikanai kamoshire masen is I may go tomorrow or I may not go tomorrow with iku and ikanai. So, again kamoshire masen will take plain form of the verb 1 and 2. If you say iku kamoshire masen, then kanose of going is more. Possibility of going is more and if you say ikanai kamoshire masen, then possibility of not going is more. That is the only difference over here. Kamoshire masen is not in the negative. Please remember that. You can see over here, it is written, shows that there is only a 50% possibility of the action denoted by the verb. May do, may not do. You can practice over here toyou, which we did just now. What does this look like? This looks like a trumpet. Kore wa nan toyou mono desu ka? What is this thing over here? What is it called nan toyou mono? Now, Torampetto toyou mono desu. This mono is a trumpet, is called a Torampetto, is called a trumpet or you could also say, kore wa nan toyou mono desu ka? A direct answer, Torampetto desu. Also, you could also ask and you have done it earlier in one of our lessons, kore wa nihongo de nan toimasu ka? You have done kore wa nihongo de nan desu ka? Now, a better way of doing it is kore wa nihongo de nan toimasu ka? Which you did just now or kore wa nan toyou mono desu ka? A much better way of asking. Torampetto toimasu. You can also answer as Torampetto desu or Torampetto toimasu. Now, you know what this is? This is a strawberry. So well, kore wa nan toyou kudamono desu ka? Ichigo toyou kudamono desu. Ichigo toyou toimasu. It is called Ichigo. This kudamono, this fruit is called Ichigo. Ichigo desu, a direct answer. So well, you can practice like this, to omoimasu, toimashita, toimasu toyou mono, nan toyou mono desu ka? We did this earlier, nihongo de nan desu ka? Over here, you can ask in a better way, nihongo de nan toimasu ka? Or, nihongo de nan toyou mono desu ka? Now, we have katakana over here, as we have been doing, this is the da series, da, ji, zu, de and do. But what you have to remember is that in hiragana, this and this is not used. It is da, ji, zu, de and do. This is what is used, though it is given over here, da, ji, zu, de and do. And of course, in katakana, da, ji, zu, de and do. All these syllables are used. You can practice on a graph sheet, you can see how it is given over here very clearly and you will have a balanced syllable. You can practice like this and make your ji which is letter, better and balanced. This is your da series, clearly given for you, you can practice. Now, there are a lot of kanjis today for you, but very simple kanjis. We will do them very, very quickly. There is this kanji of sumu which is to live. So, very simple 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Sumu is to live. Please, once again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Sumu. So, it is a seven stroke character. You can see over here, it is a seven stroke character. Then we have omou. We did omou just now. Omouimasu. So, well, you have done this one. You remember doing this one. This is kuchi and what does this look like? This is to which is 10, juu. So, you combine the two 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and you have this over here. This means omou, omoi, masu to think. This is a nine stroke character, as you can see very clearly. Then we have machi. Of course, over here machi is again similar to omou. This character is similar and then we have a j over here. Very, very simple, a little longish and j. So, well, this is machi. This is a seven stroke character and then we have in the end over here furui. Simple, you have done juu, which is 10 and then you have also done kuchi, which is mouth. So, well, furui. Furui means old and please remember hito is not furui, things are furui. So, hon wa furui desu and not hito wa furui desu. Then, we have done seasons earlier. If you remember, we did haru natsu, aki and fuyu. So, today we will do hegashi, kita, nishi and minami. So, the first one you have done with, we have done earlier with tokyou, with this word tokyou earlier in class. So, very, very quickly 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. This is hegashi. Once again, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Hegashi. Now, you remember doing this, which is shi meaning 4. So, well, a little similar to this, not exactly same, but well 1, 2, 3, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This is nishi, means west. Then, we have kita, which is even simpler 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This looks like 7, does not it? Roku and shichi. So, well 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This is kita and then we have in the end minami. Remember doing this juu. So, 1, 2, 3, 4 and then you have the sign of n. Of course, this is not the way I am repeating it again and again. Please, this is not the way to learn Japanese at all, but because time is short and there are lot of things to do. It is not possible to do kanji characters, the way they are supposed to be done. So, well, we will do them very quickly as words once again from the beginning 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Higashi, nishi, kita and then we have minami for you. There are other readings also. Higashi is to, nishi is zai, then kita is hou and minami is nan. You can see over here very clearly and all the stroke order is given. You can practice it at home with the hiragana and kanji strokes. Very interesting koto waza which we all should do and it does tell about the Japanese people as well. Well, what does this look like? There is this old lady banging into something and about to fall and then we have korobanu saki no sue. Korobu is to fall. Saki is ahead or earlier, sue is the stick. So, what does it look like now? Can you tell me? Well, it is very simple. You can see over here. Use a walking stick lest you fall down. So, what does it mean now? Can you tell me? Literal meaning, literal translation of this koto waza or this proverb is that use a walking stick when you are walking in case you fall down. But it has a very deep meaning that prevention is better than cure. Well, we all know in all cultures, it is taught that it is better to be prepared for what is coming. It is always better to take care of to be prepared for any eventuality, to be prepared for what is coming rather than actually falling sick and then treating yourself. So, one has to be prepared, one has to be intelligent enough, prudent enough to understand that it is always better to do things beforehand. One should not wait for something to happen. For that, we have to work beforehand, prepare ourselves beforehand, be prepared and try to then work. As you can see over here, well the first kanji over here is korobu which means to fall. Saki means earlier, before or ahead and sue means walking stick or this bow or stick over here. So, this old lady is all prepared, set that in case she stumbles on something, steps on something, she has the stick to support her. Prevention is better than cure. So, well that was your koto waza. Now, we have a small expression here, you can see two people talking, very nicely chirpili over here and what are they saying? Rao san shibaraku desu ne, shibaraku is an expression which says meaning meeting you after a long time and the ladies say sashiburi, the ladies say sashiburi. So, please shibaraku is main speech, Rao san shibaraku desu ne, meeting you after a long time. So, desu ne Tanaka san genki and genki desu ka is not used, genki with a rising intonation. Then we have genki yo informal, genki yo Rao san no rombun hapyou wa do datta, how was your thesis presentation, he is inquiring. Yo katta to omou yo, again informal, yo katta to omou imasu is not being used. Yo katta to omou yo, Tanaka san, saikin isogashi desu ne, you seem to be very busy these days, saikin, isogashi desu ne, a very common greeting I would say in Japan. Nobody says that you are free, it looks as if you are very, very busy. So, being busy is not something bad. In fact, sitting at home idle or not doing anything is considered actually quite bad in Japan. So, everybody is very conscious of this fact and they all work and they do not mind that they are busy, more the work the better it is. So, that is how the Japanese people think. So, well, saikin isogashi desu ne, chotto ne, chotto ne is again very, very Japanese where you do not want to talk about your work, but you just say yes, that is right and you just leave it at that. And again, aso, I see. So, this is expressions and conversation. Now, you have your vocabulary over here. Kimochi and kibun almost mean the same. Gouai is condition, general condition of health. Raku is easy, benry, convenient to use or to move about. Chuka is Chinese food or cuisine. Then, sugi is next. Kondo is next time. Kono aida, the other day or that day, particular day. Aida is in between or interval or space. So, you can use these in sentences, make sentences and then now my work is over. Your work begins now. You have to do your assignments at home. There is not much because already you have to do a lot of things today that you have learned. So, well, there is Kanji practice. Again Kanji with hiragana readings and then you have some grammar which you have to do. Please fill in the blanks with words given here. These are the words you have to fill in the blanks and then you have one more. Change the words into proper forms and make meaningful sentences. So, the verbs are given over here. Words are given over here. You have to change them and match with what is given outside the brackets. So, please do that and with this I will finish for today. So, minasan kyou wa kore de owarimasu. Mata kondo aimashou. Hai, arigatou. So, well, thank you very much and see you again next time.