 I tried to keep it straight but I want to add a water words about functional analysis And we're gonna really hammer the point home to you today about the value of functional analysis Because we have a hard-hitting article For you and that is a water and a bunch of other probably people. They're really annoyed at me at this point Oh, that's a water definitely did anyway, I mean oh My gosh, here we go. I get that. I don't think we need the hammer. I can get out of line with this thing So I'm gonna put that away so Toward a functional analysis of self-injury, maybe I should get the hammer back Sorry Anyway props there we go. So sort of functional analysis of self-injury folks. That's what we're gonna talk about today It's an article It was published and no you don't even know that crap anyway, so notes here we go because Notes so end notes and there's things that we got to look at in journals and everything else anyway, so Where were you doing? Well first off y'all know what the functional analysis is because if you don't you probably wouldn't be watching our videos Because there would be no point in watching our videos if you didn't know what it was And if you do know what it is as a result of our videos and congratulations We've done well if you learned it from another faculty member then even better, so let's see or not I don't know so let's who notes here we go We're not gonna go through every item in the article, but I just want to hit some major points for you because it's a it's a good one There is a lot of words, but a Water was careful with them So here we go 94 that was the year I graduated high school. So this article makes me feel old I guess I should 1994 goal was to define a procedure right so the idea is with functional analysis now I'm gonna take a little sidestep here I have a phrase that I like to use I have FB big a and FB that way So FB big a was what everyone else just calls an F a So functional analysis on the other one is functional behavioral Right, so I like to keep the assessment small the analysis big And the reason is because with an analysis you have experimental control, right? So I think that's one of the things that's important about the article is it demonstrates Experimental control to try and understand what the function of a response is in this case We're talking about self-injurious behavior Behemour Be hammer. Oh, I've been be smirched with a hammer. So anyway, no anyway though the behavior in question was Begging now you'd think that I don't have that Probably from doing that a bit too much But you get the idea so head out of these subjects that nine subjects most of the responses were headbang What were the problems, right? So we're gonna come back to that in a second though. So he did use a multi-element design, which is a classic functional analysis procedure and One of the reasons as you read through the article that he and his colleagues were doing this was because Even in 94 they were trying to move away from punishment based interventions Not just because of the ethical piece, but because of the functional piece like a punishment punishment based intervention doesn't last long It works while you're delivering the Punisher and then it doesn't you got to train a new response in the context So it's great to get things under control, but it's not something that's permanent So if you can find something that's much more permanent much more lasting much more generalizable than you should so they were trying to do that and The thing that they thought most was listen if we're gonna only focus on punishment of self-injurious behavior Then we're not figuring out the function of the behavior for not figuring out the function of the behavior We're not gonna find a replacement for blah blah blah you get the idea So they set out to figure out how to do that. So y'all know what this stuff's about It's really simply at four different conditions that they're operating under one of them is a control condition, right? So that control condition is just where there's toys in the room There's the researchers in the room or whoever it is that's doing the fa is in the room. They're kind of hanging out They're not really interacting. They're providing some social responses and reinforcement as prompted not but not not not overdoing it It's kind of just there. All right, think of it that way In the room and the kiddos are allowed to just do their subjects We're gonna say they're just allowed to be themselves and SIB as needed So that brings up another point that we're gonna come back to after I talked about the four conditions Which is that SIB was allowed in this particular experiment Which is gonna get us back to an ethical issue in the institutional review boards so the other conditions we had social disapproval which is Brett stop doing what you're doing right now. I've had enough of it. It's crazy. I can't deal with your hips moving like that So And social disapproval of course being a attention type condition then we also have academic demands Brad sit down so and then maybe an escape for that right so that's an escape scenario so and the idea would be that the The self-injurious behavior would go crazy When you're put on you're given an academic demand the other one is unstructured play Which is the one we already talked about that's the control condition and then the loan right so that gets you your automatic stuff So these four conditions you're done as a multi-element design They had two sessions per condition daily each session was 15 minutes conditions There were four total conditions. We've already talked about them They're presenting a random presented in a random order to control for sequence effects There's a whole bunch of research articles on why they should and shouldn't do that by the way So feel free to dig deep into that one because I went down that rabbit hole this morning and went Oh my gosh I don't have time to present all this stuff, but there's tons out there about why sometimes you might not actually Want to control or randomize the order of things because you're setting up establishing Operations every time you present each one of these different conditions and it could have a carry-over effect to the next one You want to maximize that and minimize it under certain conditions? They just so much to think about and worry about the stoochkin Okay, just remember that stoochkin. All right, so I promised you I'd go back to the IRB the IRB is the ethical body that governs Research with human subjects now there's a different one from on human subjects, which is probably actually more strict In fact it is because they can't speak to themselves, but anyway in this case they allowed They allowed for a self-injurious behavior to happen you had to in order to track it right so But what do you do with that? Well You have to have a certain set of procedures put in place in order to make sure that all the ethical Protections are there for the client and the client's going to be safe in this case They even talked to the doctors and they had of the clients and they had termination criteria But if something happened or too much happened or whatever they would terminate that particular session So there's no reason to cause to cause lasting harm to the client in these particular instances. So let's move on Um Basically what they found Was that you can the term that you're going to run into here differentiate, right? So you can differentiate what behavior or what condition is maintaining behaviors who can identify what reinforcers are maintaining particular behaviors Or likely are maintaining behaviors in those differentiated conditions once you find that out now You could target your inventions based on those You know that that function of the behavior surprise surprise it's something we'll take for granted But keep in mind that science changes. So this was a growing thing and now it's popular But at the time it was just kind of really catching on so the reference or the Figure one goes over some cool stuff now I did note that it's nice that standard deviations from the Marine you presented here why because I always find it funny The behavior analysts hate statistics usually, but here's the case you must use your statistics and understand them in order to understand the graph I love it. Good job water. So I want to like statistics to how nice maybe he doesn't I don't know But they did it sometimes. It's just the journal articles that make you do that. Let's see. What else we got? Oh So the graphs are pretty self-explanatory under in figure one you can see where Which condition the head banging happened the most in or the self-interested behavior should say because it's different for each client And sometimes it's non differentiated, which means it happened in multiple things now. There's gonna be another One of these things behavior digests where we talk about that particular issue. So anyway, so non differentiated It's a little harder to develop your interventions and you might do a follow-up and sometimes they do so anyway, and oh Figure two figure two goes over percentage of 10 second intervals. Oh 10 second intervals That's the thing I wanted to talk about. I'm gonna digress a little bit here into 10 second intervals Now the idea is that when you're doing interval based data collection some people like oh It's always two minute intervals and some people like no, it's 10 second intervals could be an hour could be a day like It depends on the behavior and the client and the situation that you're in folks Just because you read an article that had 10 seconds in it doesn't mean you have to stick with that for the rest of your Rack of them or your first of your behavior analytic career. There's no point in it I have heard that stagnation over and over again Then sometimes people like wow you could totally change the interval like uh-huh you can it's cool Base it off of your client, please. Anyway, there we go so what's cool about the article is that When you have problem behavior if you study the functions of the behavior You can really pin down your types of interventions that you want to do So I think this is literally the essence of quality behavioral intervention design Is getting this type of information now remember we said fb big a and fb little a Sometimes it's just not possible to do all this stuff. Ideally you can't ideally this should be Every kiddo with problem behavior you engage in one of these types of things over time. Maybe it's not all out at once Maybe it's over a span of weeks and in some instances it is Where if you've got a bcba that's overseeing a certain number of clients and they might not be able to pull one of these Off in a week it might take two three four weeks to fully get this thing figured out. So Anyway, well there's another note story I have here Target interventions. Oh the analog scenario. That's an important one. So other videos. I've talked about how You want real scenarios and not analog ones or contrived ones But in this case you do want the contrived one It allows you to rule out all that other stuff out there and then really nail down on what is reinforcing the behavior um And then something about baselines most Huh, I forget. So sometimes I make notes and I can't even read them. So there you go. I think that's it for Iwata Um, I hope um I had my my Iwata words were good enough for Iwata's article. So