 Hello everyone, this is Mr. P. Today's lesson is on used-to habits in the past. Like my example, I used to study Italian when I was at university. So let's look at our timeline first. We have the horizontal line and the vertical line. The horizontal line on the left we have the past, and on the right we have the future. The vertical line represents now. So we have three yellow stars in the past representing used-to. That means that it happened many times in the past. So when do we use it? First of all, it is a semi-model verb. This means it needs another auxiliary or helping verb to create questions and negative sentences. We use used-to to talk about things that happened regularly in the past, but no longer happens. So it is a routine in the past. There is a lot of confusion between the past simple. I will try to explain as best as I can. In some cases, the difference is very subtle, so very minimal. The most important thing to remember is to ask yourself, did it happen many times? Then use used-to. Do you know the number of times that happened? Then use past simple. Let's compare. He used to go to school. He doesn't go to school anymore. But if I said he went to school twice last year, this means that because we have a number of times, we need to use the past simple. Let's look at other examples. I used to go to the library last year. It was my routine, but I don't go to the library anymore. Instead, if I say I went 10 times to the library last year, obviously we need the past simple because there is a number of times, 10 times, and there is a possibility I still go to the library. So in the first one, I don't go anymore. In the first one, I still go to the library. Let's look at other examples. I used to walk to school last year. I walked to school every day last year. Has the same meaning, so what is the change? The change here is every day. I wrote every day on the second sentence, and I created the same meaning with that used-to has. I walked to school last year. I do not know if this was a routine, as I don't know the number of times. So how many times? I don't know. So how is it formed? First of all, we said used-to is a semi-model verb, and so it needs a helping or auxiliary verb. In this case, the auxiliary verb and the helping verb is did. So in this case, I mean used-to, means did. So we have the formula. WH question word, how, where, when, etc. If you have them, HV means helping verb plus subject plus used-to plus verb. Like in the example, did you use to speak English 10 years ago? It is the same thing as did you speak English 10 years ago? It has the same meaning. Negative. So let's look at the negative sentence. Subject plus helping verb, not obviously plus not because it's negative, plus used-to, note that there is not D there in use, plus verb and plus whatever it is. It didn't use to speak English. It's the same as he didn't speak English. Now what about positive sentences? Well, we need the subject, then we need here, yes, used-to plus verb plus maybe object and plus maybe time expression or whatever it is next. I used to study Italian at university. I don't study Italian at university anymore. This is what it means. So let's do some exercise. You need to rewrite these sentences with use-to where possible. I'm going to pause the video for five minutes. You need to make changes or leave the sentence as it is if you think it is the right sentence. So five minutes, pause the video. Now that you pause the video, I'm giving you the key. Now the first one is my brother used to keep snakes when he was younger. So use-to. Number two, he got his first snake when he was eight. So here is not possible to change to use-to. Number three, here we can choose. He used to keep or kept them in a box in the garage. Number four, yes, we need to change. He used to look after them very well. Number five, they lived there for almost six years. Number six, then he lost interest and he took them all to the local zoo. No change there. Number seven, he used to visit them there once a week. Yes, it's possible to change it to use-to. Reference number eight, I think he went about nine or ten times. So reference of the number of times before he forgot about them. Not possible to change to use-to. Well, if you have any questions about this lesson, please type them under this video. I hope you enjoyed the lesson. If you haven't subscribed to my channel, please do. Like the video, please, and share the video if you liked it. See you next time. Take care. Bye-bye.