 May I come sir? Good afternoon sir, good afternoon sir, good afternoon ma'am. Aayush is Jain. What is Aayush Man Bhava? What is the meaning of that? Sir, it is a blessing that a person should live long. Very long, very long. Now we also have a department called Aayush. What is the full form? Sir, it is a ministry of, the full form of Aayush is Ayurveda, Yoga, Yunani, Siddha and Homeopathy. And recently Sova Rikpa has also been added to this ministry. Very good. After yoga and naturopathy also. Rest all is okay. Yeah, naturopathy. What is Siddha in this? What is Siddha? Sir, it is also a traditional medicine system from Southern India. Sir, I am not much aware about its details, how it works. Okay, you are from Rajasthan. Good. So tell us about yourself, schooling, college and all that. As you know, I am Aayush Jain. I belong to Jhalava district of Rajasthan. I have completed my mechanical engineering from Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur. My hobbies and interests include drawing mandala art, cooking and photography. Oh, what art you said? It is a drawing mandala art. What is that? Sir, it is like drawing geometric patterns through like pencil or even through colors and drawing intricate patterns under the designs. What is the geometric pattern you said? What aspect of geometry? Sir, like circular and square pattern. No triangle. No, sir, triangles are also included in it. Yes, sir. No hexagon. No, sir, it can be drawn with all. Anything you want. That is very interesting. On the wall, is it? Sir, on the wall, on the papers, even through the dry colors, through even flowers, etc. But normally, you do not see that in Jaipur and all, you can see this sort of... Pardon, sir? No, this sort of thing, art. Do you see widely, even in Jaipur and such like places? Sir, I can recall it is visible in the Burli art painting of Maharashtra and in the Madhuvani paintings of Bihar, sir. Oh, good, that far. That's very good. And photography, what sort of photography? Sir, I am like still exploring the photography. I have tried with micro photography, street photography and landscape photography, sir. I thought wildlife photography, that you are not... Sir, I have tried it, but not much in its details. Not much scope, I suppose. Sir, can you say that? Sir, I don't think that, sir, because there is also a very diverse scope of wildlife photography, ranging from the Great Indian Bustard in desert to the tigers in Ranthambore and Sariskar is also there. But Ranthambore, twice I went there. You go for hours together with difficulty, you can see one tiger. I don't know. That is all the major national parks, sir. Sir, that is the suspense that people go there to see the tiger, that they might see the tiger. Have you ever seen a tiger in the forest? No, sir, I have never seen. I have seen only leopards. Okay, mechanical engineering, that's very good. What is the level of pollution in Rajasthan? It's much less compared to Delhi and all. Am I right? Yes, compared to Delhi, the average pollution in Rajasthan is below the Delhi's AQI. But the sort of vehicles they use, especially in rural areas, they are highly polluting, the buses and I don't know the other thing. Yes, the Jugaar they call, the Jugaar kind of tractors. Yes, sir. They use the engine of some other vehicle and fix it in some other vehicle and run it for the local transportation, sir. They are highly polluting. Those states have banned those kinds of vehicles, but they are still running into the states. But in Jaipur as such, what is the level of pollution? Sir, I am not aware about the AQI of Jaipur, but it is below Delhi, sir. Of course. That's a good way of saying it. Everything is below Delhi. You take any city. Why in the world, I think? Why in India? It's the most polluted city. Sir, I'll look into the facts of it, sir. Sir, I think it's the most polluted city. Yes, and you see, of course. It's always good to do that. Okay, now, you studied in Kamla or something. Who is this? Sreemati Kamla Saklecha. Sir, she was a local philanthropist in our area and she founded the school and she funded education of some of the backward cities. Her children's education, sir. So that's why school is named after her. Okay, tell me, why do you want to join the civil service with your background? You could have taken up some private job or teaching or something, not interested. What is so special about civil service? Initially, I thought of joining some kind of jobs after the colleges where I got placed. But then this was always in my mind and also in the minds of my parents and my relatives. That since I was the first girl from my town to study in a college of national importance. So like my family and also I wanted that I should be into the service where I can work for the people. And civil services being services where at the entry level, I'll get to work in so much of diverse fields. That's why I thought of opting for civil services first. Okay, good. You said you are more concerned about what your parents and relations think. So on anything and everything you go by their views? Sir, I would say I am concerned about them as well. But they just motivated me to join the services. And I think it was more of my decision to leave the jobs after the college and join this service, sir. Very good. You have been before UPSC for interview earlier? Yes, sir. I have been in the last year also. Oh, last year? Good. How much did you get? Sir, I got very less marks. When interview was good, but the marks were very expensive. How much? Sir, it is around 150, sir. Oh, 150. And you were expecting how much? 170, 180? Yes, sir, 180 because I got it. Who was the chairman of the board? Sir, the chairman was Mr. Nagarjuna. Oh, okay. This time I think I am sure you will make it. This time you should. Thank you very much. Now about Rajasthan, tell me, what is the two big advantage of Rajasthan and two big disadvantage of Rajasthan? What are the biggest advantages? Sir, I think the advantages of Rajasthan can include its potential of tourism industry, tourism sector. And another can be the potential of renewable energy, solar and wind. Renewable energy. Let us talk about solar. Now, what is the potential and what has been done already? So the solar potential of Rajasthan is, I just forgot data, but it is the second largest production potential of solar in India. But you have very huge project there, solar project. Yes, in the Jodhpur district Badla Solar Park, sir. And also some minor solar parks are also emerging in the area of Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaipur etc. What are the two big disadvantages of Rajasthan? Sir, I would say the challenges with Rajasthan faces, one is water scarcity. Since the area and population of Rajasthan are much higher compared to the proportion of water which the state has. Another challenge can be with respect to the literacy rate, especially for the women. What is the literacy rate today? I mean present. So as per 2011 census, it is 66% and for female it is nearly 50%, which is the second lowest in the country after Bihar for female. Sir, how about law and order? What is the position of law and order in Rajasthan? Sir, more or less state has observed a state of peace in terms of law and order, but few instances have been observed. Like recently there was a case at a fort in Jaipur where the conflict has been observed between the Meena community as well as the Hindu community over a temple. So some few instances have been observed. What is the position now that has been shelved? I mean are the problems over or still there? The problem is still there. But like some of the journalists and as well as MLAs have been asked to take a step back and let supreme court or legislature should intervene about the present status. Okay, good. And about your own district, tell me something. Jhalawar, what is there? Is anything to be seen? Any popular thing there? Yes, sir. Jhalawar is located in the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. And it is famous for its Gagurand fort, which is one of the UNESCO site under the six forts of Rajasthan. And also, sir, it is famous for its oranges and Jhalawar is called as Nagpur of Rajasthan. And it is the second largest producing belt of oranges in India. Okay, I will see. What is Santhara? Santhara. Yes, sir. So it is a practice in Jainism where people at some point in their life think that they should stop taking any worldly things like even food or any clothes. And they should go into the kind of Samadhi so that they can get a kind of good birth in their next birth. What is the difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia? So the active euthanasia implies that when a person who is suffering or not suffering but asks that he wants to die so that with his consent some kind of medical interventions are taken and which leads him to die. The passive euthanasia implies that when a person is in kind of vegetative state then some non-payable kind of medical interventions are taken to let him die. So that he actually feels more pain when he is in vegetative state. That's why we use passive euthanasia which has been allowed by Supreme Court. Does right to life include right to die? Sir, in India presently the right to life does not include right to die. What was the Supreme Court verdict in this regard? In this regard Supreme Court said that the passive euthanasia can be allowed but not the active euthanasia. So related with geography your optional. What is Alneno? And how does it affect the climate? Does it affect the climate of our country also? Alneno. Sir, Alneno it's an upper tropospheric phenomena where it is a linkage of phenomena of ocean currents and of upper troposphere. Where the currents around the Peru and Humboldt, the Humboldt current around the Southern America gets cooled and it leads to generation of walker cycle which impacts the climate over India as well as like when there is Alneno in the Southern Pacific Ocean the rainfall in India is usually low. But when there is a season of La Nina then rainfall in India is comparatively higher than average periods. So Ozone is both harmful as well as useful? How? When it is harmful, when it is useful? Sir, it is harmful when it is present in troposphere and when it is present in the stratosphere it is very useful to protect us from the UV rays of sun. Ozone whole, it is increasing or it is decreasing. Ozone whole. Sir, in the Antarctica zone as per recent report it is shrinking but in Arctic region now it is increasing sir. Once in a blue moon is a phrase what does it mean and what do you mean by blue moon? So the phrase once in a blue moon implies that phenomena which happens very rarely in the history and What is blue moon? Sir, I am not much aware about it sir. I will look into it. Okay, Ahinsa silk. Have you ever heard about this? Ahinsa silk. Ahinsa means? It is non-violence. Sir, I think Ahinsa silk is compared to the lotus silk which is not derived from the the cocoons or... No, it is derived from that only but Ahinsa we don't kill. So any idea? No sir. No problem. Now my question related with how the president of India is elected? Sir, the president of India is elected through various members of our parliament both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha and also the members of state legislative assemblies are included in it. The vote share of the MPs and MLS vary as per their state and the vote share of all the MPs like each... the vote count of all the MPs is equal but vote count of all the MLS across the state is not equal sir. So you have answered part of the question which I am going to ask. Now you tell me what exactly does it mean proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote system. Part of this you have already answered. Yes sir. Under that particular question how president of India is elected? So my question now is what do you mean by proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote system? The proportional voting system implies that every individual who votes has a preference... list of preferences like he can tick mark that which preference he wants to prefer at first and that's how some calculations are done to get the proportionality answer. Okay, last question. There are various initiatives taken up by the central government as well as state government. Now let's confine to central government only for empowerment of India. So these are in the form of launch of various schemes, projects. These are in the form of legislation. So can you cite the examples related with schemes or project and then related legislation? Women empowerment. Sir, I'll start by age wise that how the schemes have been undertaken. No, just main point sir. These are the projects and schemes launched by central government for women empowerment. These are the legislation made by the central government for women empowerment. Okay, sir. The schemes include Beti Bachao, Beti Padao scheme. Good, good, good. And Udhan scheme. Sukanya Samradhi Yojana. Exact word is Sukanya Samradhi Yojana. Anyway, what else? Good. Sukanya Samradhi Yojana. Udhan scheme for education. Udhan is for both, yeah, next, yeah, good. And Matru Vandana Yojana, sir. Yeah, we are right. What else? I'm not able to think. Okay, now come to legislation. There are so many. One is PCP and DT Act. Pre-Natal Pre-Conception Diagnosis. Very right, good. After that Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act 2013. Very right, yeah, just name others, yeah, good. Dowry Prevention Act 2005. I'm not able to recall the year. And... Chipil Talak Act. What is the full form of Chipil Talak Act? Sir, if I can recall, it is Protection of... The Muslim Women. Start with the Muslim Women. Yes. The Muslim Women Protection of Rights Act. Right on Marriage. Yes, sir. Okay, what else? Could it be Abrogation of Article 35A? Yes, then what is Article 35A, which has been abrogated? Sir, the Article 35A was related to the state of Jammu Kashmir. And because of this, the women of the Jammu Kashmir were not getting their land rights when they were getting married to the person of other state in India. Okay, can you name the women, athletes who have made us proud during past two to three years? Athletics, sir. Women Athletics. Sir, one is our silver medalist in the Olympics, Meera Bai Chanu. And in the Athletics, another is Duthi Chan, Deepa Karmakar. Lovely. No, she is not fine. And... Who else? Himadas, sir. Who is known as Assam Express? Assam Express. Okay, thank you. Rishi, you did your tent from Shreemati, Kamala, Keshav, Yam. That is MP. Yes, ma'am. It is an MP, but very near to my hometown. My hometown is situated at MP and Rajasthan border. Yes, sir. Yes, ma'am. And because you did your 12th from this place, which is in Kota. And this place is very... Both are close. Yes, ma'am. Are you wearing a Kota saree or what? Ma'am, it is a Kota saree, but is from Kota, but it has mixed components of silk also. What does a typical Kota saree has otherwise, the content? Ma'am, the usual Kota saree is known as Kota Doria and Kota silk. There are two varieties of saree. In Kota Doria, only the component of cotton threads is used. In Kota silk, both cotton as well as silk are used. The cotton gives strength to the saree and the silk gives the texture to the saree, ma'am. Okay. So, this Kota sarees, how are they being made? Are they being made in big factories or by local reverts and artisans? In both phase, they are made. In the initial times, only hand looms were there, but now power looms have been established there. Which led to the increase in production as well. Is this fabric only being used for making sarees or they are being used for making other products as well? Ma'am, nowadays it is being used in making shirts, kurtas and the salwar suits also, ma'am. And what is the market place for this? Ma'am, not for sarees for this material. So, the market place for this textile, which is being used for making sarees and other products. So, where do they sell it primarily? Ma'am, primarily there are industries around Kota and also in the region of Bilwada, which is the textile town of Rajasthan. And in these two major cities, the major production takes place. So, has there been any impact on the business during Covid time? Ma'am, the Covid impacted since all the major businesses across India. So, the Kota sarees also get impacted since markets were closed, tourists were not coming to visit the place. And the digitalisation was not to so much depth that they can sell their sarees online. So, it was definitely impacted. But in the later on, most of the merchants got adopted to the digital things. And now they are recovering the losses which they have occurred in the previous levels. Has the state government done anything to help these and support these people who have lost their livelihoods because of this? Yes ma'am, the state government has taken various initiatives. Like they are organising some online malas so that people can purchase sarees from them. They are providing a platform to them. And the Kota Merchant Association is like keeping pace with the state government for this. So, what's happening? You said that tourism also you mentioned one of the things in Rajasthan. So, what's the latest in tourism business? What's happening? So, are there any announcements or initiatives which are being taken by any organisations or government entities? So, it has been in news in the last 2-3 days. So, can you share that? Ma'am, as per I can recall, Rajasthan was the first state to give major budget to tourism in the budget this year. 500 crores were allocated to boost the tourism sector after this COVID-19 pandemic. Ma'am, I am not aware about the recent decision. Okay, so there is some separate tourism council will be made. Rajasthan tourism council. So, it was there in the newspaper yesterday. Not day before yesterday. So, apart from this, you also were associated with an initiative for child welfare. Ma'am, it was an initiative by our college students and we used to give guidance to the children residing in the nearby villages of our college. And there were like 50 to 72 students on daily basis. They used to come to our college. We used to provide them some academic guidance, include them into certain extracurricular activities. And recently, ma'am, I got to know that 3 of our students got admission into the Ek Lave school in the Madhya Pradesh. Very good. So, would you like to continue such an initiative even while you are working professionally, most likely to be a civil servant? Would you like to continue with such activities later on? Ma'am, if it is possible for me to manage, then definitely I will work for such initiatives as well. So, what could be the key issues which are very close to your heart? Where would you like to concentrate on if you become a civil servant? Ma'am, first thing, I think that I might prefer is working for the women, especially the girls. And in the sector of their education, their safety and security. Another can be for the child development. Since most, as the recent report of World Health Organization says that due to COVID, lots of children went under malnutrition and undernutrition. Ma'am, I think these 2 sectors will be malnutrition. What is the situation of malnutrition in our country otherwise? And what are some of the government initiatives in this week? Ma'am, the status of malnutrition in our country is such that like one third of our children are under the stunting. Both are facing the issue of wasting and around 50% of women are facing anemic conditions. And the initiatives taken by government are portion abhiyan, midday meal schemes, providing dry rations during COVID times, the integrated child development schemes. How much do you think that it reached to the grassroots level? Ma'am, I think the reach of midday meal and portion abhiyan is very much at the ground level because it involves the local workers like Anganwadi workers, Asha workers. So as far as I can see in my village, most of the children got their dry rations on time during COVID. So I think the ground reach is very good for them. So how is Anganwadi functioning in your area? Is it doing a good job? Yes ma'am. I think it is doing really a great job. Because I knew personally the people who are managing Anganwadi. So they are also telling me that these many children have been enrolled. They are providing rations. The children are getting something to play on daily basis. So I think that is very good. Okay. What is this permafrost? Have you heard of it? Ma'am, the permafrost refers to the permanent frost observed in the areas of higher latitudes polar areas and also at the higher altitude levels like the third pole Himalaya. So what is happening with this? Why is it in use? What is the challenge which we are facing at the moment? Ma'am, due to the global warming and rise of temperature across the world, some of the permanent glaciers are now fragmenting. They are getting melted, which is impacting the climate as well as hydrology of the region and as well as of the whole world. So what is the impact of it? If it gets, you know, it just ice starts to, you know, convert into water, then what is going to happen? Ma'am, in short term the impacts are like the low-lying regions are getting flooded. There is observed shift in the biodiversity at the polar regions. In the long term, it will impact the climate like the monsoon and the intensity of cyclone is getting increased due to the increased global warming. And also this melting is acting as a positive feedback system, which is again resulting into higher increase in temperatures, ma'am. And how can this be addressed? Ma'am, it requires the across-country cooperation, like global cooperation to resolve such measures. Like the overall emissions can be reduced, like GHG emission, nitrogen emission, so that the warming of the world gets reduced to below 1.5 degree centigrade. At grass root level, what can you do at your level for the environment? Ma'am, one thing I think is, we can try is promoting climate smart agriculture, because agriculture is one of the major emitter of greenhouse gases. Another can be decarbonizing our transport and energy sector using like bio gas or hydrogen fuels and lithium ion battery vehicles etc. Thank you. I will see. How do you pronounce the name of your city? Dug. Sir, it is Dug. Not Dug. Are you having any trouble with the name of the city like this? Dug is good. Yes, it is in the advertisement of a detergent powder, sir. Can you tell me about your district? Pardon, sir? Tell me about your district. Yes, sir. Jhalawar is the southeastern most district of Rajasthan. The Jhalawar has highest rainfall across the Rajasthan. It is nearly 75 to 100 centimetre annually. The Jhalawar is famous for its gargown fort, for its oranges. The region is part like lies at the junction of Hadoti Plattu and the Vindian ranges and Malwa Plattu. Rajasthan is known really well for water conservation. Can you tell me some practices involved in water conservation in Rajasthan? So, one of the major practices is like developing Johars, which are being developed by Tarun Bharat Sankh in Rajasthan in the areas of Alwar Bharatpur Karoli where they develop small embankments across the hilly areas so that it stops the flow of water and it helps in recharging the groundwater which is rejuvenated across the streams or rivers also. And some other practices like management of Baudi, Kund is also practiced, sir. What factors influence the location of industries? So, there are various factors which influence the location of industries like the raw material, transport linkages, government support, market etc. So, why is a vaccine manufacturing industry is predominantly in Maharashtra? Is there any reason? I think the major reason is the capital investment which the state of Maharashtra and Gujarat has, the initial facilities for vaccine manufacturing, I think this is the primary reason for it. And also these vaccines require cold storage chains and if the temperatures are at, like below the, say I am not able to recall the proper temperature number. You are familiar with the concept of disinvestment, government is disinvesting in various sectors. Is there any sector that the government should not disinvest now? So, as of now I think the sector of atomic energy as well as the passenger sector of railways and some of the strategic defense. We are already starting private railways or trains in railways? Yes sir, we are starting with it and I think that is a welcome step, but the government should not wholly privatize the segment of passenger railways because it is also a responsibility of the government to promote the cheaper way of transportation, sir. Okay. Now lithium ion batteries, can you tell me about it? Ion batteries are very compact and energy intensive batteries, they are lightweight and their voltage does not get reduced over longer period. Lightweight? Did you say lightweight? Sir, compared to the lead batteries. You have to take that. Yes, I will check. And? And the voltage of the lithium ion batteries does not reduce after some times, which usually happens in the lead batteries, sir. Okay. Do we have manufacturing facilities for lithium ion batteries? Are we self-sufficient or self-reliant on this? Sir, presently we are not self-reliant, we import such batteries from China and other countries. Okay. IC engines we import most of the IC engines, right? Yes, sir. Is that the case with EV engines also? Now, one of your hobbies is photography. Can you tell me some techniques and photography that you use? The basic techniques of photography include adjusting shutter speed, ISO and aperture. Like aperture is measured in terms of f-strops, like how much area is needed to be focused. The shutter speed is like for how much time we want to capture the photograph. Like for general photograph, it can be 1 by 4 or 1 by 10 seconds. But for the fast-moving objects, the shutter speeds are like 1 by 125. And the ISO is about the intensity of light of the object, sir. And can you tell me some contemporary Indian photographers? Yes, sir. In the wildlife sector, Rathika Ramaswamy is an emerging photographer and her exhibitions are also being undertaken by the government of India. And another is Raghuraj Brayasar, who is a kind of tragic photographer who has captured even that unknown sun during the Bhopal tragedy. Can he be considered as contemporary? Yes, I think it can be compared to the contemporary instance, sir. It is only 25-year-old. Oh, good. Tell me something about the cryogenic engines. What are cryogenic engines? Cryogenic engines, you say some cryogenic fuels which are at low temperatures, sir. Where is it used? It is being used in the satellites. Space.