 So here at IFA, so with Cambryos, right? So what is the latest here? Well, let me briefly describe what Cambryos does so that your viewers will acquaint themselves with our company and the product and so on. Then we'll talk about some cool stuff. So Cambryos makes silver nanowire inks. So it comes in bottles like this. This is a smaller bottle, but obviously in mass production we'll ship them in much larger bottles. So this ink is coated on sheets of film in a roll-to-roll process. You can also use sheet process as a process, but we can do roll-to-roll coating to make touch sensors, for example. You can also use the same material for OLED lighting. You can use them for photovoltaic cells and so on and so forth. I'll give you some examples. How many phones can you make for this one? Like literally hundreds or thousands with very little ink. A little bottle, I guess. And you ship bigger ones, bigger bottles. Absolutely. It depends on the concentration and the sheet resistance of the material. So how do you ship these two? Are there companies like here? So Cambryos makes the ink. And then we ship them to filmmakers. I've given you some examples here. Okura and Hitachi and so on in Japan. We also ship to customers in Korea and China and so on. And they would take this film material and supply them to sensor makers who will make the touch sensors. And that will go to the OEMs that adapt these touch sensors into different products. I'll show you examples of the film as well as a touch sensor. So here's an example of a film. It's a PET film with the Cambryos silver nanowire coated on it. The advantage of our material is that you will not see a pattern, unlike competing technology where there's pattern visibility. There's no pattern visibility here. And the transmission is excellent. Basically you're looking at me through our material. So you can see that the material is very, very transparent compared to the incumbent technology, ITO and other technologies. And also it is flexible. So when you take two of these and put them together, you'll basically form a sensor material. And when these two are laminated together, you have a sensor. And these sensors are very rugged because they are very thin. They are very light. And you can make a touch sensor that kind of looks like this. You look at this touch sensor, it's flexible. And both of those films are laminated together. And you have a projected capacitance touch sensor with silver nanowire material in it. Now we can also coat this material on glass. Here's an example of a cover glass that has the PET films with our material in it laminated. So this cover glass would go into a laptop type product. This is a full touch sensor. And it also has the chips that drive it and the flexible connector and so on. This is a full touch sensor that will go on an end product. And the end product, I have brought some examples. Just to connect to this particular end product, let me also show you this sensor. Here's another touch sensor that has our silver nanowire material. You can again see there is no pattern visibility. And it's very, very transparent. And this would go into a phone. Is it the best transparency, the best? Absolutely. It will lock it. It is the most transparent. This is the best technology in the market today, which is why it is in mass production compared to other technologies which are mostly in the lab or in prototype states. But when you show these sheets, there was reflections from lights and stuff. Is that something to do with something that can be changed somehow if you do matte? What is this reflections that can be seen? Sure. So most of these materials, whether they're film or glass, will reflect light. And there are coatings that can be done to minimize that. But our material by itself does not matter whether they put the coating or not. Our material can go beneath the cover glass, which could be glass or plastic. So let me show you. So having given this background, these film suppliers supply the material to the sensor makers. And you can see examples of some sensor makers. So these are pretty big, right? Hitachi? Absolutely. Last time we saw an LG device, right? Yes, you saw the LG All-in-One computer as well as a 23 inch monitor when you last filmed the product. And that is in mass production. Investors also in Cambrios? Correct. Some of these companies are investors. Hitachi? Hitachi is one of our customers that is building a very large factory. And they announced this factory that will come online in the fourth quarter of this year. And if you search Cambrios, you also see Samsung as an investor? Samsung is an investor in our company, for sure. And we also have other investors and partners. So in this list, you can see some of the sensor makers. We already talked about LG. Nisha Printing is our customer. And they make touch sensors for a number of high-end. For big brands, right? For very big brands. TPK is the biggest in the world? TPK is the biggest touch sensor company in the world. And two weeks ago, they announced that they will be using the Cambrios silver nanowires into their products as well, mostly mobile products, mobile phones, tablets, and so on and so forth. The TPK is huge sensor maker. They are a very large sensor maker, for sure. All right. So how soon does that partnership get to product? So they announced that they will be sampling material in the fourth quarter. And then production will follow that. Is it something that can happen quickly, or does it have to take years and years and years and years? So we've been working with all of these customers for a long time. Cambrios itself has been researching and developing these products for many years, almost 10 years. So the product is ready now. In the last year or so, we've been in mass production. We are expanding capacity. We are increasing our capacity to the extent where next year, theoretically, we could make enough silver nanowires to quote every single touch sensor for smartphones worldwide, like a billion of them. Really? Yes. That's how much capacity we've got. In your factory making this product, which is just one place in the world, right? You could make enough of this product to cover every smartphone in the world next year. Correct. Correct. And obviously, we will be not just in smartphones. We will be in tablets. We will be in notebooks. We'll be in monitors and all kinds of different devices. Can we see the competing technologies? And can you try to explain why Cambrios Clearum is for sure going to be the winner? So some of the competing technologies are a metal mesh, carbon nanotubes and nanobuds, conducting polymers, like PE.graphene, and so on. So compared to these different technologies, we are superior because we have certain advantages compared to each one of these. And I will explain some of the primary advantages. So in this graph here, you want to be to the left and to the top where it shows transmission. The more transmission, the better, right? As well as sheet resistance, lower resistance gives you a better performance. So for the all-in-one notebook type products, you need to be right here. Today, there are only a couple of technologies that even get into space with film-based touch sensors. And we beat all other technologies, whether they are PE.carbon nanobuds, graphene, and so on and so forth. Is it true that metal mesh is not far? Metal mesh does have very good performance from a transmission perspective. But metal mesh has other issues with pattern visibility and moire. And that's why we are winning a lot of these designs where customers are. Can we see the screen where you show the competitors? Again, this is all the companies competing right now? Sure. So this was a slide that was created by Lux Research. And they examined all these different companies that are competing in the transparent conductor space. And for their research, Cambryos is in this dominant category, both in terms of business execution, as well as the technical value based on a product, its features, the IP, and so on and so forth. So all these companies are all in the Silicon Valley? No, they're worldwide. And these companies include companies that are in-kind competitors who make other silver nanowire. Most of their technologies, the performance is not anywhere near what Cambryos is able to perform. And metal mesh companies are also listed there. And I mentioned some of the hurdles they're facing. Which one is metal mesh, for example? Some of the companies in the metal mesh space will include like Unipixel. And they will also include Poly, IC, and so on and so forth. And then there are companies that make carbon nanowire? Carbon nanotubes. And carbon nanobuds. You can see some of these companies right here are all carbon nanotube and graphene producers. So for sure your technology is better than carbon nanotubes? Well, the proof is in customer products being launched. So we have a number of customer products that are already launched. So across the street from our office in California, there is the Frise store. You can actually go there and buy a monitor that has the Cambryos silver nanowire in a 23 inch monitor. Similarly, there have been a number of devices that have been commercialized, whether they are 15 inch kiosks, they are mobile phones, and so on and so forth. In the next few months, we will announce several more products that span different categories of applications as well. Nice. So it's definitely better. Is it cheaper? So we also have a cost advantage compared to ITO. And most of the reasons why we are chosen as a technology is because the transmission is better. In larger monitors and all in one computers, we're about 40% lighter than glass based touch sensors. We're about 40% thinner, so it makes it much lighter. And obviously, less material means it's more rugged as well and makes the end device much more sleek looking and the designs look better. Performance wise, we beat pretty much most of the competition. Cost wise, we are very competitive. In many cases, we are less cost compared to the incumbent ITO technology. And you're kind of the only solution for flexible? Yes. For real going to work? Yeah. Thank you for bringing that up, because flexible displays is the next generation of products that are expected in the display space. For both OLED flexible as well as e-paper flexible or any other flexible technology, our material will lend itself very well. Because our material in a touch sensor is already flexible. I have a flexible touch sensor here. And we have studies that were conducted by our customers where they essentially used our material as one of the electrodes in a display. And they rolled and unrolled this display. This is a rollable display, about 100,000 times. And we survived that. The incumbent ITO technology is brittle and therefore it will break in such an application. All right. So all these filmmakers and sensor makers could be working on a whole bunch of flexible stuff? Absolutely. So as they develop these products, we are already ready. Our technology is already ready for touch screens. So we can put touch screens on film that is laminated to a rigid cover glass. Or we can put touch screens on flexible films like these. And we can make touch screens that are entirely made of flexible materials. Flexible LCD is OK? Flexible LCD is fine too. The LCD doesn't leak if it's flexible or something. Usually what the LCD people do is they'll seal inside so that the liquid crystal material will not come out. And it doesn't matter if it's flexible. For LCD, it'll just work. Well, so far, most of the traction is in e-paper and OLEDs. Because to make a flexible LCD is much more difficult because they have to maintain a certain gap between the cell and the liquid crystal cell. And you change that gap, it changes the properties of the display, which is why you are not seeing a lot of flexible. It's much harder to do with LCD. Much harder. But there will be flexible. There are certain types of LCD that could potentially get into flexible in the future. Like for wearable computers or what should it be? Special LCDs? For most of the flexible displays, whether they are OLEDs, whether they are e-paper and so on and so forth, are targeting mobile applications where they have some unique designs. And also, they're much more rugged. So one of the advantages with these flexible material is they don't break, right? There is no glass to shatter. And also, the other advantage in larger products where you have flexible is not really the flexing aspect of the material, but they're lighter and they are thinner. So you can make much more sleeker designs. For example, you take a tablet and imagine you have a flexible display and a flexible touchscreen. It's going to be a lot lighter and it won't break. And you could use LCD without it actually flexing by just being lighter. Correct. Today, you can put a flexible touchscreen like this on a LCD which is rigid. And the advantage there is even though the LCD is made of glass, the entire device will be lighter and will have much better transparency. So therefore, you'll either save one battery or the display will appear brighter. And also, it'll be a lot more rugged. But can it be like the Gorilla Glass stuff where it gets unscratchable and all that stuff? Yeah. So Gorilla Glass will go on the top and our material will go beneath that and... But it has to be glass if it's Gorilla Glass. It's no Gorilla plastic. Correct, correct. All right, so thanks a lot for this latest overview. Thank you so much. It's funny that you were saying that the floor here looks like silver metalware. Yes, obviously we wouldn't have that many silver nanowires because there's a lot of it. But our silver nanowires will actually look something like this. This is the plan view and here's your 70 degree tilt of the, you can see the actual silver nanowires here. This is what it'll look like. It doesn't occupy the entire surface of the screen and it occupies very little area and that's why it's very transmissive. But it's positioned kind of like randomly? It's positioned randomly. That's why you don't have pattern visibility that you see in metal mesh and some of the other technologies. But you have technology to measure and stuff. Correct, we can pattern this using either traditional process whether photo-lit or others. We can also laser pattern our material. So you have lasers shooting into the system and patterning. Yeah, yeah. And we have the advantage that you can use a room temperature laser to pattern our material and that gives you a very good sensor with very little. You cannot see the pattern as well as you can hide throughput. And you can pattern with lasers fast enough to make all the billion phones per year? Easily, yes. You have the pattern in your factory? No, we would not do the patterning ourselves. This will be done by our customers. The film people or the sensor people? Either of them can do that. A film company could potentially pattern and sell a pattern film or the sensor company could essentially do the patterning as well. So how soon do you think there will be like hundreds of millions of flexible phones? It's pretty hard for me to predict. I've been predicting flexible displays for a long time and I have not been quite right. But like you're a fan of flexible technology as well, we would love for that technology to happen. But so far as Cambridge, it's hard to say. In some ways, you can say there are smaller type devices with flexible screens that are already in the market. You've seen prototypes and you're also hearing about flexible displays, whether they are on phones or TVs and things like that that are coming. But we are ready. Cambridge uses material is very well suited for flexible touch screens or flexible OLED displays or others. And we are ready to go to market. And also the non-flexible everything? Non-flexible as well.