 In this module we will talk about the fermenter design as we have studied in previous module that fermentation process is very preferred process as compared to other process but the fermenter is the key role in fermentation process. So in fermentation process we say that the fermenter is the heart of fermentation process. In other word we can say that heart of all industrial fermentation process. Fermenter sometimes when we study the literature the fermenter term is replaced by another term which we called as bioreactor. Actually the bioreactor is the word used by replacing the fermenter. Fermenter is a device which use for the process of the fermentation just with reference to the fermentation and then the bioreactor mean different kind of the reactions involving the cell then by that kind we can say that it is the bioreactor. So either that is the fermenter or a bioreactor term then that refer to the heart of any industrial process. So the basic function of the fermenter is to provide all suitable environment in which the organism can efficiently produce our target product. What are our target product when we are discussing about the range of different products by fermentation process at that time we classify 5 different ranges of fermentation but here we are only mentioning 3 major cell mass production, metabolite production, bio conversion product. What kind of the product but fermenter has a vital role. So in this slide you can see that the organizational chart of fermentation process that how that start from the stock culture and goes to the production vessels. So as we are saying this that stock culture if we have an organism then there is a revival of the culture then if we say about the industrial fermentation then we need a seed fermenter. So in next slide we will see that how we will classify the different scale of the fermentation and with respect to the fermentation fermenters because in previous module we classify 3 different types of fermentation depend upon the scale of production but as well as the fermenter can also be classified into 3 categories with respect to their scale. So first of all the lab scale fermenters, pilot scale fermenters and industrial scale fermenters. As we have discussed already that lab scale fermentation, pilot scale fermentation and industrial scale fermentation this classification based upon the mode of sterilization and the volume of the inoculum required by the same kind all the lab scale fermenter which mostly have x-tive sterilization and there is no seed fermenter is required. But pilot scale fermenters those who have in-stive sterilization process but seed inoculum fermenter are not required but on industrial scale fermenter in which in-stive sterilization and seed fermenter both requirement needed in industrial scale fermenters. So you can see the diagram of various fermenters in this slide you can say a very fermenter with the glass vessels having no link with the agitator and that we can say such fermenter we will discuss such kind of the fermenters later on we can say here is a pilot scale fermenters and here you can see that lab scale fermenter having glass vessels. In this slide you can say a very large size vessel which we call as fermenter. So having height of 200 feet the diameter of this fermenter is 25 feet you can easily imagine the size of this fermenter by just observing the size of the vehicles on the road when this kind of the fermenter will be installed to everywhere from the side of the production or designing and then side of the installation. So there are different types of the fermenters. The common fermenter types are straight tank, airlift fermenters, fermenter with venturi adductor, walled half type fermenters, self-priming fermenters, tower fermenters and koji fermenter. These are some major types of fermenters. Koji fermenters are basically the fermenters used for solid state fermentations. There are various other types of fermenters but they are we can say that just depend upon the various modification known as packed bed fermenters, acetators are cultivars, cyclone column type fermenters, salendro conical vessels depending upon different shape and process modifications. So you can see here the various types of the fermenters. Fire actors mean those fermentations which are now or days used for the algae fermentations. So there are number of types of fermenters.