 Welcome to WRC 19, the World Radio Communication Conference being held in Chamarchek in Egypt, where I'm very pleased to be joined this morning by Gilles Bregant, who is the CEO of ANFR, the French National Spectrum Agency. Gilles, welcome to the studio. Thank you very much for this interview and I'm glad to be here in Chamarchek for WRC. I'd like to start off by asking you a little bit about France's ICT regulatory policies. How have they evolved over the past decade? The past decade has been very busy doing switchover for analog TV and change of standards for broadcasts. And that's a direct result from WRC 12. So WRC has an impact on France. We also have ideas about how to reform better and faster, because when you have new services coming from WRC decisions, in fact, you have to find solutions for previous services. And this requires banking services. And to some extent ANFR does that for the social benefit of new services. And finally we need to find new ideas to develop, to deploy faster new services. And in France we have what we call New Deal Mobile, New Deal for mobiles. And we try to have a faster and more thorough coverage of rural areas. And that has to be really in the mind of policy makers. When you have a new service you should find ideas to make it available to everybody. The investment in the infrastructure must be quite substantial then or that's required. Yes, the investment has to come from the network operators and they have a rebate on their license fee. And in exchange you have to cover the rural areas. In terms of regulatory priorities, what are your key regulatory priorities moving forward? Well, France is part of the European Union. So we have to find harmonized solutions with the European Union and with CEPT. Europe is very intricate as a continent. We have big experience with cross-border coordination. And I used to be chairman of RSPG a few years before, so the Radio Spectrum Policy Group. And it is very important that we have a common view on the number of services at a European level. So regional harmonization is important. We also have a need to have firm positions for space because for space WRC is essential. Let's talk about France's regulatory policies. How have you seen them evolve over the past decade? Well, the past decade in France has been extremely active with the switchover of analog TV towards DTT. And that's a direct result from WRC 12. So WRC has a concrete impact on places like France. Doing a switchover, we've also been very active in trying to find solutions for reforming because when you take decisions about new services, you should bear in mind what happens to the previous services. And reforming is something that has to be put into a project with adequate financing really. And during this project, A&FR has acted like a bank, giving money to the incumbents to actually find new places in the spectrum. And also we have a big interest in fast deployment of services. We have a new policy in France called New Deal Mobile in French, which is a new deal for mobile coverage. And we try to have good and quick coverage of rural areas. For this, we have a rebate on the license fee, which has been granted by the regulator and by the state. And so in fact, the network operators have to reinvest part of their fee in covering rural areas for a smooth service to everybody. And what has been the feedback from network operators for this particular incentive? Well, they've been very constructive and they actually do implement this new policy. It started last year, in fact. So we have a two-year vision of what happens. And it will last for some years. Talking about policies, what are your key regulatory policies moving forward? Well, we have, first, a need in France for good integration with the European global continent. France is part of the European Union. And at the European Union, we have a policy group called RSPG. I'm honored to have been the chairman of RSPG for a few years. RSPG provides harmonization targets for Europe. Europe is very integrated. So lots of countries have to find solutions together, in fact. And then that goes to CEPT. And CEPT is a key regional organization for WRC. So first, we need to have smooth and coherent solutions for Europe. We also need to have a coherent solution for space, because now we have new space issues. We know mega constellations, nanosatellites, lots of situations with GSO satellites. And we need to find firm and stable solutions, because space has a very long time constraint. So you need to have solutions for years. And WRC is here for that. It's like the rest of an infrastructure where you can just knock it down and start again. Yes. Spectrum is difficult, because it's the coexistence of things which have very different time constraints. So you have very fast applications, such as some extent mobile telephony. And some ones are very, very lengthy, because you need decades, in fact, for a generation of train or for satellites, for instance. So we have to make that coexist. And that is some extent written down in the radio regulations. Now you touched upon these, but I wanted to ask you a little bit more. What do you see as some of the opportunities and challenges regarding international spectrum management? Well, the first issue really is to make new space possible, because all the satellites have to coexist smoothly. And that is a key issue for WRC. The next point is 5G. 5G is, of course, a key issue, because 5G eats up spectrum. So we have to find spectrum and we have to find solutions for incumbents that were in the spectrum, which is now targeted for 5G. And we also need to find firm and very stable solutions for study of climate change. So that's why it's very important to have protection of spectrum for this climate supervision from the satellites. And what are you looking forward to most of this WRC? What are the major outcomes that are going to be key for you? Well, the major outcome is to find firm and stable solutions for 5G, especially in millimeter waves, is to find good solutions for preservation of meteor control and climate change. And, of course, is to find a very stable solution for space, because we have to manage all these satellites. New France is very active in the satellite area because we have many actors, manufacturers, operators, and we need to make all this new growing family of satellites coexist. And that is for a very important target. Well, thank you very much for sharing some very valuable insights here into the situation in France and around the globe. And hopefully we will catch up with you again soon. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.