 Zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZNONPs, are increasingly used in various industrial products and have emerged as a promising potential in biomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity and potent ability to trigger excessive oxygen species production. They have been effectively developed for anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-diabetic treatment and bio-imaging applications. This article was authored by Jean-Huan Jiang, Jiang Pai, and GSCAI.