 Thank you for inviting me. I will do a different talk, I think, than the other people because here it's not more about software, it's more about hardware in this sense, although it will be, I think, soon an ecosystem of software around these machines. Well, I want to start straight forward. Yesterday we visited the Fab Labs here in Singapore and I've been in many foreign labs in the world and I think there is an understanding of how to fabricate what this application is. First, I will explain that the Fab Labs is a vision of engineers and architects from MIT and they forgot certain machines that they should be in the Fab Labs, but they're not and Fab Lab has a kind of a list of machines that they recommend to put in the Fab Lab. Well, Fab Lab is a registered name by MIT but we want to advocate that they should also include, for example, the knitting machines, which is also a digital fabrication system, that they should be in all the Fab Labs or maker spaces. I will go really fast to the history. Well, the knitting is a craft that is ancient, means, well, it's before Christ and then the first machines are more than 100 years old and this one is a circular knitting machine. You will see because we did the first open source circular knitting machine done with the printing. It's for knitting socks and I will tell you that it was a key factor on the first world war for winning one side because the socks and the knitting were a key factor on the solders. Means it was, in that time, was like leading technology on the military side of the squad. Well, this was the first knitting machine that was at home and it was more than 100 years old and this was what is called now having the factory at home that is now with the 3D printings in the mouth of many people. They were already, it's not a term new. Well, in the knitting machines there is a key machine that many people had used and is the brother and brother, well, everyone, many people know the company brother. Brother had a division, very big in certain time that there were knitting machines and well, the knitting machine, you can see the evolution. Actually, very early they incorporated electronics because the knitting factories and the knitting were very advanced on incorporating all the technology and the punch card, one of the first applications industrially was the knitting machines as well as the incorporation of electronics. In the 70s, they appeared the first electronic knitting machine and in the 80s they were already at home because these are home knitting machines. Well, I almost already explained whether the Fablabs is one department of MIT directed by Nail K. Simfer is basically this bit and atoms and transform from a digital file to a physical form in a analog way. This is for anyone that didn't see a knitting machine this is how it looks a brother and well, it's quite good. They have like the digital ones they have 200 stitches and you can make a pattern with these 200 stitches and I will explain that one stitch is one pixel, means you can have a lot of resolution. Well, these machines like brother they're still now in use for many people there is a very active second market of these machines although brother didn't explain what you can see from the releases of the machines that it died in the 90s they closed the division but before they closed the division they sell thousands of thousands of machines maybe what now is popular the 3D printing at the moment that is now is the moment when it closed the knitting machines I mean there were a lot of knitting machines especially for example in the UK at home and there's still a market of floppy that actually is not a normal floppy it's a proprietary floppy system with the patterns that they themselves and we, well, I will explain that, well, this is already explained it is the first manufacturer at home and it's very old the combination of knitting and technology well, there were some we found some codes already for the C64 like for making parametric designs in the knitting and even this was a religion in the 2012 that they developed an accessory of knitting machines for their consoles but it was only shown in one fair but never released to public how is that tunisic? well, we saw Mechmalacin in Pakistan he published a reverse engineer of the brother and we saw this and we were very inspired like Barbara and I we do art projects and we always go with technology when we saw this we said ok we have an idea we will do one art project that will be called spam poetry and we will recycle spam and make knitted form pieces but we had a bad luck because he said, yeah, this works in all the brothers and it was not true basically it was the model of US that has a different memory system that the Europe one means when we start to buy Europe machines, they're hard to work and then at the beginning I looked at the memory system and I understand well, basically then we open we see the electronics then we found one American Fabian and Travis that basically they're living in Berlin that they post the schematics of the buttons and how we hack the machine at the beginning with Arduino we press all the keys because we have the map and we have the array of the keys and that's how we did it it was a bit shifting thing that you can see in the schematics and that's the first hack that we did but then because we opened electronics we also see how not very complex was the electronics and then we decided to remove the brain and to start to do a VCB to control these machines with the software a UI software for entering and controlling the machine and this is the VCB that we release it's a VCB that basically controls the actuators on the sensors from the brother meeting machine and well, it inspires several things several people and now there is at least three other projects that does the same thing and the reality is that many people are still using the brother meeting machines and why we did this is because also sometimes the electronics get burned and then the mechanics isn't broken that easy and there is some replacement of needles and certain parts means you still can use these old machines but well, in certain point we decided we like brother but it's an obsolete machine you cannot and after all these hacks the prices in the second hand start to go up and when we start to see the machines there were 300 and now when you go to eBay they don't never go down of thousand years, means they have been an impact of this shield with the price of the machines and we got like the we got the idea that it would be good to make a fully open source knitting machine before us Gerard which is a friend of us he released open knit which is the first knitting machine which is a flat one and recently in December we released the second open source knitting machine but it's the first circular one because the other is flat and this is circular knitting it's basically for doing tubes and it's controlled with Arduino along with 3D printer it's already in we make it's a make a space in Milan they already did one copy and it's fully functional and this is the the opening from Gerard basically we think that this area is the new 3D printing it's like if the 3D printing had boom some years ago now the knitting machines like it's obvious that there is a lot of demand because we saw when we put something about one of our project like there is knitters, there is industry contacting us and the reality is that silver rate is like a competitor of still producing these knitting machines but they never was good people don't like and they are the only one and then there is the industrial one which is monopolized by two companies one German store and one Japanese and then some Chinese that in Europe at least the manufacturers don't trust but they are super expensive there are like 80,000 and there is nothing below only silver rate which don't have a good supply of knitting machines and well it had been a lot of good reception there is some comments that are very nice that basically some people say well now I have the excuse to buy a 3D printer I can convince my wife that's how some people say well that's the Gerard's schematic just to explain how the ecosystems can grow with knitting machines unfortunately it's not open source but a group of people they have a company that they should start like some month ago that basically they had a store knitting machine that is industrial one and they put it in a shop and they produce right in the shop the knitting work and well this is a that's another thing that these industry machines is unbelievable they still are in the 80s like Floppy's they still are in factories like and this I know from first year because I I saw in the news when I was doing knitting that the Cigua I don't know if you know this company is a brand in Spain they moved the production from China to Barcelona again and then I went to visit the company who manufacture the patterns of Cigua to the semisequies and the reality is that the semisequies they make the sweaters without touching any worker the machine but the system is still from the 80s and because these industrial companies they don't invest so much like here like people do in tech they just are in the system the closed source systems and they charge for every little update that they go they make this article and they basically were sponsoring this thing I'm telling that they think the knitting machines will be the new boost on the maker movement all this is important because we can democratize the production of the things and we can produce our own machines and democratize the production