 In regard to understand the political behavior and political participation today's session is comprised of the case discussion on a case study that is the voting behavior in rural and urban areas of Punjab. Punjab means definitely the province of Pakistan. Why the case study of Punjab? Because having a larger population, but that population is firstly divided into rural and urban areas, then the various classes those represent the population of Punjab. We are having upper class, we are having middle class and definitely there are the lower middle class is also there in the province of Punjab. So the demographic profile is quite interesting. So if we may try to understand the voting trends of Punjab, we can apply those trends into many other areas. The electoral and voting majority of Pakistani citizens has not reached its good standards yet. But there are definitely some determinants, some factors. Those influence the voting patterns in Pakistan like ideological and brotherly system that is very much strong in determining the trends of voting in Punjab specifically and specifically in the rural and urban areas where the brotherly system is very much strong while deciding the voting pattern. Then there are experienced of Pakistan regarding the non-party elections in 1985 and that election specifically highlighted the issue of brotherly system in the politics of Pakistan. Because on the basis of brotherly politics, the ideological affiliation that is seen on the basis of ideological affiliations, it got further weakened and the brotherly trends and brotherly politics, it was much strengthened. In the case of Punjab, brotherly and caste system are key features of the political culture of Pakistan. If we listen to these terms very much in daily life, during the election campaign, we get to hear that the candidate is from the brotherly, so he has a lot of hopes in this area. And on that base, the candidate, the leader has given the ticket. This is also in the cities and in the regions, especially the brotherly and caste trends that are dominated by brotherly politics, ideological and party politics, but if the candidate is from the caste, the caste is from the brotherly, then he buys a ticket from his home, from his area with a specific number of votes, from his party. So this is very alarming that if a particular area's political culture, its base, its foundation, even today in the 21st century, is that on the basis of brotherly and caste, people are their affiliations instead of party priorities or instead of some ideological affiliation. So in this way, following this method, how is it possible for a strong democratic system or democratic traditions or institutions to be able to measure the importance of any society? So when we look at Punjab's case study or want to determine its features, we can see that in the last many elections, the brotherly and caste system was the main determining factor while deciding the majority of the casting of votes. In the same way, when the system is established after the elections, the cabinets are formed on the basis of the winning votes, then also the brotherly politics and caste affiliations are seen in the dominating rule. So in the Punjab's case study, where we saw that if we look at the background of the brotherly politics from Pakistan, then the brotherly politics remained a part of this area. Even after becoming Pakistan, from 1985 to 1985, when non-party-based elections took place, then the elections that took place, the trend was very dominating, where the affiliation of candidates, more than their party, their brotherly and their caste was dominating while getting the majority votes. The majority of the people were casting their votes on the basis of this type of affiliation. The majority of the people were casting their votes on the basis of this type of affiliation.