 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more topic for today's types of fpd and prosodontics So fpd is also known as bridge So as per definition Fpd is a partial denture that is cemented to natural teeth or roots which furnish the primary support to the processes So it is being fixed to the natural teeth or roots So we have various types of fixed partial denture or bridge. There is conventional Bridge cantilever bridge spring cantilever fixed fixed partial denture fixed movable partial denture fixed removable partial denture or removable bridges Modified fixed removable partial denture all metal metal ceramic and all ceramic So in conventional fpd, they are the most commonly used type of fpd So the design involves fabrication of a fpd which takes support from abutment on either side of the edendular space So the design may vary according to the conditions of the abutment But the abutment on either side should be able to support the fixed partial denture So this is the most commonly used conventional fpd. We take support from either side so that is our conventional fpd Next we have the cantilever fpd So we know cantilever bridges. So similarly cantilever fpd is used when support can be obtained only from one side Okay, so this is both side And cantilever get support only from one side One side of the edendular space So these dentures have compromised support because this has support from both side of the apontic But this is having support only from one side. So there's high chances of dislodgement So the abutment teeth on the supporting side should be strong enough to withstand the additional torsional forces. So Support can be obtained from more than one tooth on the same side of the edendular spaces So cantilever fpds have the advantage because it is sacrificing just one tooth Unlike the conventional where it sacrifices two teeth But it has got many disadvantages So the basic Advantages are it is very conservative design as I said especially when a single abutment is involved When secondary abutments are used parallel preparation can be easily obtained because abutments are Adjacent to one another because we are taking from only From one side of the tooth and it is very easy to fabricate But the main problem with this cantilever fpd it produces talking forces on the abutment Because there is no balancing forces It is just talking forces and it cannot be used to restore a long span edendular spaces only one tooth replacement will be done by this cantilever and Minor design error can affect the abutments in a large scale. So it is very technique sensitive one Now we have spring cantilever Fpd. So this is a special cantilever bridge Exclusively designed for the replacing maxillary incisors, but these dentures can support only a single pontic so if one central incisor is missing we can go for spring cantilever fpd and Support is obtained from posterior abutments usually a single molar or a pair of splintered primolars The main advantage is it can be used for diastema cases metal crown retainers that requires minimal tooth preparation Can be used in posterior tooth to replace missing incisors, but the problem with spring cantilever fpd The connector bar this connector bar may interfere with speech and mastication and Deformation of this connector bar may produce coronal Displacement of the pontic and there may be food entrapment under the connector bar, which may lead to tissue high-placy on the palate So that was about our spring cantilever fpd now we have fixed fixed partial denture So the term denotes fixed partial dentures with rigid connectors. So this is having rigid rigid connectors So the design of these dentures is more Conventional since the connectors are rigid there can be no movement between the connected components and these are the most Commonly used fixed partial dentures designs. So there will be rigid connectors between this the main advantages of fixed fpd It is very easy to fabricate. It is economical. It is strong easy to maintain and It has good retention and strength It helps to splint the mobile abutment and it can also be used for long bridges along with predominantly weak abutments But what are the problems with this fixed fpd Since the connectors are rigid there will be unwanted stress and lever forces are directly Transferred to the abutment which produces considerable damage And it also requires excessive tooth preparation to achieve a single path of placement And it is difficult to cement on multiple abutments and it is contraindicated for fire abutment Now we have fixed Movable partial denture So it is defined as a fixed partial denture which is having one or more non-rigid connectors, okay? This is having non-rigid connectors fixed Fpd or fixed fixed partial denture is having the rigid connectors and this is having Non-rigid because it is movable partial denture So here a non-rigid connector is used or fabricated to connect the components of the fixed partial denture and Commonly used non-rigid connectors include the TMC that is tenon mortise connectors Loop connectors or split ponte connectors and cross pin and wing connectors So the advantages of this movable partial denture They act like stress breakers while transmitting unwanted leverage forces that are fixed fixed partial denture And the abutment is moisturized only during the occlusion loading At and so it improves the health of the abutment and the tooth preparation need not be parallel to one another Each abutment tooth can be prepared independently According to its requirement and it also allows minor movements between the components because it is non-rigid connector between the teeth So the problem with fixed movable partial denture is the design is very complex Pre-fabricated connector components are very expensive It is difficult to maintain and these movable parts tend to wear out under constant usage And it cannot be used for long span bridges and there will be a complicated lab procedures and The templization also is difficult with fixed movable partial denture Now we have fixed Removable partial denture or removable bridges. Okay, this is very confusing. This is fixed movable partial denture This is fixed removable partial denture. This is also known as removable Bridges so one of the major disadvantage of the long span FPD denture is that if one abutment fails that is fixed fixed partial denture I'm talking about the main disadvantage is that if one abutment fails the entire processes has to be Sacrificed to overcome this disadvantage fixed removable bridges were introduced So these dentures cannot be removed by the patient but can be easily removed by the dentist So this is a removable one. This is mobile because of this non-rigid connector. This is removable With the help of a dentist. Okay, so this is to avoid the problem with the long span Dentures where one abutment fails the entire processes will be lost. So in such cases, we can use this fixed removable partial denture Whereas the next one So you can see the picture here the removable bridges Next we have the modified Fixed removable partial dentures. So that is a modification of this one So they were developed by Andrew and they are also known as Andrew's bridge system This is modified fixed removable partial denture So these dentures are indicated for a stainless ridges with severe vertical deficit So the process is consists of a fixed component and a removable Component so it is having a fixed component and also a removable component So you can see here. There's a fixed component and there's a removable component Now we have the common all metal Fixed partial denture or fpd these ranges of applicator using just metal and They are indicated for replacing maxillary and mantibular posterior teeth because of this aesthetic will not be a problem for the posterior teeth and They have the maximum strength and durability because the mastery category forces are mainly on the posterior teeth Now we have the metal ceramic fpd So in metal ceramic fpd What happens is the core the core of the processes is made up of metal and the external surface is fabricated using ceramic So this metal is bonded to the ceramic chemically mechanically and anically so metal ceramic fpds Can be of two types and the first type so this is Can be two types the first type the metal is surrounded by porcelain on all the surfaces In the second type the lingual and occlusal surfaces formed by metal Whereas the labial and ginjavel surfaces alone formed by the porcelain So these restorations are termed as porcelain phasing or porcelain veneer porcelain phasing so that is Where the labial and ginjavel surfaces formed by porcelain rest paida that is a lingual and occlusal by metal in the first type The metal is surrounded by porcelain on all surfaces porcelain surrounding all surfaces Okay, so that is metal ceramic Now we have Before that the advantages of this fpd that is metal ceramic fpd if you are using a all porcelain That is it is aesthetically pleasing. It is stronger metal Substructure is there so it has got good fourth withstanding power But the main problem is tooth preparation need to be in more depth that is around 1.52 mm Preparation is there for metal ceramic or with metal base So it is more expensive and there can be brittle fractures can occur due to the failure at the metal ceramic junction So for more better aesthetics the facial margin of an anti-restoration is often placed sub-ginjavely This increases the potential of ginjavel Destruction this is comes with metal ceramic fpd Now we have the all ceramic fpd in all ceramic fpd The dangers of fabricated using only ceramic there is no metal all ceramic are less fracture resistant Hence, they do not render as a good retainer. However, aluminum reinforced porcelain have sufficient strength to be used as a good retainer So the best property of all ceramic is the superior aesthetics and excellent translucent It will be almost like a natural tooth and it requires just slight preparation because there is no metal in So around 1 mm preparation would be fine So the appearance can be influenced and modified by the selecting different colors of the luting agent So we need to be cautious about the luting agent But the disadvantage is reduced strength due to the lack of reinforcement with metal The main advantage is the aesthetic properties, but disadvantage is there is no metal So the strength is reduced, but it is mainly used in anteriors And it is very difficult to obtain a well-finished margin because the ceramic edges tend to chip easily And these crowns cannot be used on extensively damaged teeth because they cannot support these restoration And since these porcelain are brittle in nature, large connectors have to be used Which usually tend to impingement of the interdental papillae This increases the potential for periodontal lysis and there will be wearing of opposite natural teeth So after all ceramic, there are materials like acrylic FPD is also there, but it is very rare nowadays So it is only indicated for long-term temporary or interim Processes, it can be used for making fixed periodontal spleens It has got very poor wear assistance, but it is easy to fabricate and adjust And also there is Vennies Vennies are there Vennies we know, which is just a layer of restoration placed over the labelled surface of tooth They are primarily used as an aesthetic adjunct to the discoloured or fractured teeth It is mainly for aesthetics, people who are more concerned about their aesthetics Public speakers, people in film industry, they commonly use these Vennies Because just a layer of labelled surface is replaced So types of Vennies, it can be ceramic veneer or acrylic veneer is there So ceramic veneer is the most ideal veneering material because of its good aesthetics So mostly all ceramic restorations will be used in veneering Also acrylic also is there, there is another option Acrylic tooth-coloured material can be used with metallic restoration as a veneer But they are not considered as a permanent material due to the poor wear resistance We have some another type of Bridges too That is short span Bridges So these are simple FPDs, which replaces one or two teeth And the teeth on either side are ideal abutments So these dentures are considered ideal because they have minimal talking forces For example, first molar replacement, there is a short span Bridges Also we have long span Bridges So in long span Bridges, which denotes a condition where two or more teeth have to be replaced And more than one abutment has to be taken for the support on either side So long span Bridges are the potential for producing more talking forces on the bridge and the weaker abutment So that is a long span Bridges And lastly we have two more types, that is one is fibre reinforced composite resin Bridges And the next one is resin wanted FPDs So this was abut the types of FPDs So we had various types, that is conventional FPDs Then the cantilever FPDs, then we have the removal FPD, that is a fixed Modified fixed removal partial dentures and fixed removal partial dentures Then we had fixed partial dentures Then all metal ceramic, metal infused or all ceramic Then we have the short span Bridges, long span Bridges So it is commonly asked a short essay or sometimes just the cantilever FPD will be asked as a short note But in all the cases always try to draw pictures to express the ideas Hope you understood the concept of types of FPD and the various types and its differences So I will come up with a new topic in dentistry and more, thank you