 Okay, hello, good afternoon. How are you today? The first thing I would like us to do is to talk about what we did during the weekend, okay? So, for example, Maria, can you tell us what exciting things you did during the weekend, please? I went to Madrid to visit my brother, my family, my father, my older brother, all the family. Cool. How was your brother? Very much. Okay, how about you, Javier? What did you do during the weekend? No, more relax. I was working in my garden with the grass, working with my family. So you got to rest a lot, right? Okay. Okay, have you ever played the game of anagrams? Anagrams? Anagrams. We're going to play a game which is called anagrams. What does this game consist of? I'm going to write a word here, but the letters are mixed up. The letters are not in order. Okay, so imagine, for example, oh, and another important thing is that the words that you're going to have to try to guess are adjectives. Okay, so imagine, for example, that I write, so this is an anagram, okay? Nice. Very good one, okay? So we're going to do kind of a competition, okay? And whoever guesses the word first has a point, okay? Okay. One point. Exactly. Exactly. Okay, and okay, let's see. Okay, point for Maria, okay? Okay, so we have angry. Very good. Let's see, and the next one. Yes, yes, this is not the year of the Warsaw, exactly. They have such a battle, exactly. Yes, point for, very good, okay? So it's a two to one, okay? Okay, let's see. That would be a noun. Yes, point for Maria, very good, okay? So it would have three to one, okay? As Robert De Niro would say, you're good, you're good. Like Robert De Niro. Okay, let's see. Let's see the next one. Yes, so we have friendly, F-R-I-E-N-D-L-Y, friendly, very good, okay? And let's see. Yes, yes, yes. The color pink can also be an adjective, right? Okay, very good, so it's a four to two. Okay, now we're going to change. Now the words that you are going to have to guess, the words that you're going to have to guess are things that you can eat, okay? Rappi. That's fine, it's a fish, yes? Yes. Or peda. Pear, very good, so this would be a pear. Okay, a pear. And let's see the fruit. Yeah, the fruit. And the last one, let's see the last one. Okay, let's see. Yes, pizza, very good. Okay, all right. Okay. It's lower. Okay, very good, well done both of you, okay, well done. Okay, the language point in which we are going to focus now is hypothetical meaning. You know what hypothetical meaning is? Well, we won't answer this question yet, let's move on and then by the end you will be able to answer the question, okay? So first, let's focus on I wish, okay? I wish, I mean what, right there's a bit over here, okay? So we would have, let's see, I'm going to tell you something. I wish I had a dog, okay? For example, imagine I say, Maria, do you wish you had a dog? Yes, I would. Okay, so you wish you had a dog, okay? Which structure, which structure have we used to write, to express this sentence? I wish I had a dog. Yeah, so basically first we would start with wish, right? Yeah, wish plus? And which verb tense have we used? Passable. Pass simple. Pass simple. It's different. Exactly, yes, it's different, exactly. Pass simple or present? Yeah, there are other situations which we will see after this one, okay? Basically I wish I had a dog. No, that would be incorrect, okay? I have. No, that would also be incorrect. Yes. We will get to the next one, okay? The thing, later we do have a little change. There are also different structures. Let's start with this one. When do you think we would use this structure? Wish plus past simple? Basically. To have something to... Exactly. Working out. You are expressing a wish for something to come true. That's what you're doing. You are expressing a wish for something to come true. For something to come true. To talk about wishes that might come true in the future. To talk about something that might happen in the future. Yes, that might happen or may happen. Okay, this would be one possibility. Now, imagine, I'm going to tell you... I'm going to give you a different sentence, okay? Imagine I say, I wish wars would end. Okay? Imagine I say, I wish. Javier, do you wish wars would end? Yes, I wish. Mm-hmm. Which structure? Yes, I wish. Or yes, I do. Yes. Exactly. Yes, I do. The short way of responding. Or the long way would be, yes, I wish wars would end. Okay? Which structure have we used here? So basically, we are using here. Wish plus would, could. Okay, now, be careful because... could, we are only going to use could when talking about things that we could do in the past. Okay? With what we are only building the, you know, the conditional. But with could, we are talking about something that we could do in the past, okay? And when do you think we use this structure? When? In which situations would we use this structure? Express that we spoke something. Basically, in this case, this is a very generic way of expressing a wish. It's the general way of expressing a wish, okay? So it's basically a general wish for the future. What we are doing here is just expressing a general wish for the future. And here comes the important thing, going to get another. When we want to talk about something that we wish for ourselves, would we use would or could? Yes, when it's for yourself, a wish for yourself, do we use would or could? For example, which do you think would be correct? I wish I would climb a mountain or I wish I could climb a mountain. Could climb a mountain, exactly. Could. We use could for wishes. Wishes that we have for ourselves. And now the last sentence I'm going to give you, okay? Imagine, I wish, I'm going to read it. Imagine I say, I wish I had met Freddie Mercury. Maria, do you wish you had met Freddie Mercury? Khayr, do you wish you had met Freddie Mercury? And if we substitute, yes, I do it for the long sentence, how will we say it? No, so it basically is saying the same thing. So instead of saying, yes, I do, how would you say it in the long way? Yes, I wish I had met Freddie Mercury. Exactly, exactly. So which structure are we using here? We're using wish plus and which verb tends? Past perfect, exactly. Wish plus past perfect. And when do you think we use this structure? Wish plus past perfect? I think this is a wish it's impossible now. Exactly, exactly. Basically what we are doing is we are referring to something that we are sorry about from the past. Something that is not possible, you know? So it's something that we are sorry about. Yes, as Javier said, something that's impossible or very, very unlikely, almost impossible. And I'm sorry, you know, I didn't meet Freddie Mercury. I wish I had met him, but now I can't. Okay, and very briefly, and then we will proceed to do some activities. If only. We can build expressions starting with if only. When can we use if only? When do you think we can use if only? An alternative for a situation, for example. Now, you know what Javier, you can actually use if only with the same verb forms as I wish. Yes, so basically we can use it as wish. Maria, I was just telling Javier that we can use if only with the same verb forms as I wish. Are they exactly the same 100%? Now, there's a small difference. With if only, there's a small difference. Something that makes it different to I wish. Imagine I say, I wish I had met Freddie Mercury. If only I had met Freddie Mercury. I wish I had met Freddie Mercury. If only I had met Freddie Mercury. When we use if only, our feelings are stronger. We are more passionate about something. Our feelings are stronger. Our feelings are stronger. And we often use it. We often use it with an exclamation mark. So we say, I wish I had met Freddie Mercury. Or if only I had met Freddie Mercury. Often used with an exclamation mark. What we are going to do now is, before we begin with our oral activity, which will be at the end, now we're going to do these exercises over here. I will have you do this exercise in pairs. So you can answer it on your sheet of paper. But try to do it in pairs so you can talk between the two of you if you have any questions. So instead of doing it individually, like only you, you can talk to Maria and Maria you can talk to Javier. And if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask me. Okay, so as you can see, the first one is done as an example. The first one is already done for you as an example. So what might you say in these situations? And you have to begin with, I wish. So imagine someone who never answers your emails. So what you would say is, I wish you would answer my emails. Then what you would say to someone who makes rude remarks about you. You would say, I wish you wouldn't make rude remarks about me. So those are the examples. Now let's see. Hurry up is to do something quickly. Okay. To hurry up is to do something quickly. History is, what was it? History, no. History is the subject that you study in school. Okay. And a story, when you say, I'm going to read a story like the story of Peter Pan. Okay. For example. Yes. Like it's a typical thing that mothers read to their children before they go to bed, for example. Okay. So shall we take a look at it? Number one. Okay. Let's see. So we have, what would you say to someone who won't hurry up? Maria, please. I wish you would go hurry up. I wish you would hurry up. Okay. Because here we're using the structure of wish plus would. Okay. Yes. I wish you would hurry up. Okay. Okay. And what would you say to someone who never does the washing up? Javier, please. Very good. I wish you would do the washing up. Now this is something that, sometimes in families, either the wife can tell the husband or the husband can tell the wife, so it can lead to confrontations in the family. And what would you say to someone who isn't telling you the whole story? Maria, please. I wish you tell me the whole story. The whole story, exactly. I wish you tell me the whole story. Very good. Yeah, very good. So here Maria has decided to use the contracted form. So you can either say, I wish you would or also I wish you'd either way. Okay. Very good. Okay. Now what would you say to someone? Oh, so then what would you say to someone who isn't telling you the whole story? I wish you'd tell me the whole story. Very good. And the next one, Javier, please. He wouldn't blow the cigarette but smoke in your face. Very good. Wouldn't, no? Wouldn't. Exactly. So what would you say to someone who blows cigarette smoke in your face? I wish you wouldn't blow cigarette smoke in my face. Very good. And finally, what would you say to someone who won't tell you what he's thinking? Maria, please. Tell me what you are thinking. Very good. I wish you would tell me or I wish you would tell me what you are thinking. Very good. Now in the next exercise, in number two, what are we going to do? We are going to use the wish plus past structure. Okay. So we have the first one done for us as an example. Vicky is fed up. You know what to be fed up means? Fed up in the first one over here. To be fed up in the example, fed up is angry, to be angry. Yes. So to be fed up is to be angry. So Vicky is fed up. What is she saying? Using I wish or if only. Okay. We can use either I wish or if only. She can't think straight. Well, I wish I could think straight. Think straight. In this case, could as in the past of the verb to can. Okay. Okay. Ready, set, go. Okay. So let's see. And Vicky, she is so tired. What do you think she, what is she saying? Javier. I wish I was so tired. I wish I was or do we need a different form? I wish. She was. No. I wish I wasn't. No, no. She doesn't want to be tired. So we would use the negative form there. Okay. Yes, Maria. I wish I wasn't so tired because she doesn't want to be tired. And number two, she gets headaches. What is she saying? If only I didn't get headaches. Very good. Using if only. Very good. Okay. Javier, her work isn't going well. What is she saying? Going well. Now careful with the subject because this is something she is saying. I wish my, my work. Exactly. My work was going well. I wish my work was going well. Very good. And Maria, the next one, please. And I wish my work went well. That would also be correct. Exactly. That would also be correct. Second, concentrate. I wish I could concentrate. I wish I could concentrate. And if we chose if only. Please, better I wish, now. In this case, yes. But if you're feeling so really passionate about it and your feelings are very strong, if only I could concentrate. But it makes more sense, I wish. It makes more sense, I wish, exactly. And the last one, Javier, please. Life is so complicated. Yes, exactly. If only life wasn't so complicated. If only life wasn't so complicated. Very good, Javier. Very good. We all say the same thing, right? I think they are reading our mind. They know exactly what we think. Okay. Now what are we doing in exercise three? What we are doing in exercise three is we're going to use the past perfect. We're going to use wish plus the past perfect. Okay. So we have an example. And we have to use the words accepted, caught, found, played, saved and stayed. Okay. Look at the example. I spent all my money. So what do you say? I wish now that I had saved it. Remember, we're using the past perfect. Okay. Right. Ready, set, go. Let's see. Let's give it a try. So number one, Maria. I missed the train. I really wish. That it had missed the train. That it had missed the train. You know what to miss a train means? Yes. I think I know another thing. Javier, can you help? I hadn't missed the train. I hadn't missed. Exactly. She doesn't want to miss it. Yes. She doesn't want to miss the train. I hadn't missed. Exactly. She doesn't want to miss it. She's not happy with that. Exactly. So okay. So I wish I hadn't missed the train. Hadn't missed the train or had not missed the train. Okay. Very good. Javier, number two, please. Tita left the party early. Nick wishes had stayed before. Okay. So the verb is going to be stayed. Okay. But Nick wishes somebody had stayed before. So how can you say when you want to stay for a longer time? Maria, maybe can you help Javier here? For more time. No. Or longer. Also for more time or longer. So how will we say it? Nick wishes. Had stayed. Rita. Nick wishes Rita. Now the verb had stayed longer. Exactly. Nick wishes Rita had stayed longer. And number three, Maria, please. And Maria refused the offer. But her partner with that she hadn't refused the offer. A text or had a text. Accepted the offer. Very good. Yeah. Accepted because since we have to use the words given here, we have to use accepted. Okay. Her parents wish she had accepted the offer. Yes, Javier. Okay. Javier, can you do number four, please? I look it everywhere for the key. I wish I had found it. I wish I had found it. Very good. And the last one, Maria, please. Could only watch. She wishes that they or the injured player. The injured player could only watch. He wishes that, oh yeah, but almost, you missed the subject. He wishes that he, he wishes that he had played. Exactly. Okay. He wishes he had played. Okay. Very good. Now what we're going to do now, a game, okay? And this game we're going to do, you're going to have, you're going to have papers over here, okay? Which we're going to put in the center of the, of the table over here. Right over here, for example, on the right. And now, in, in each of these papers, there is a situation. For example, imagine, imagine you take a paper and one of these papers, you have a situation. Imagine you read, you are hungry, okay? Imagine you take a piece of paper and the situation is that you are hungry. Then, you cannot say, you cannot say the situation that you have in the paper, okay? That's a secret. Okay. But you have to help your partner guess the situation by using I wish or if only. So for example, if the situation you have in the paper is you are hungry, which sentences could you say using I wish or if only for your partner, for your partner to guess the situation? What could you say? For example, if only I had a sandwich. Exactly. Or with I wish. You could also say, I wish I had a sandwich. Or I wish, I wish I could eat. I wish I could eat. For example, okay? You understand the game? Okay. Okay, so now whenever you want, for example, Javier, you can start, you can pick up a piece of paper, okay? And remember, you cannot say the situation. Maria has to guess it, okay? You have to express a wish using I wish or if only. If only I had learned music. Very good. Yes, he said, if only I learned. If only I had learned music. If only I had learned music. Very good. What do you think the situation is? I don't know. Okay. Yes. Well, it's okay. You can tell her. I wish like the Brian May, Brian May, you know? Oh, yes, the best. Yes. I know who he is. Yes. Brian May of Queen? Yes. Brian May. Brian May. You must know Brian May with the hair. What did? Bad. In the, in the, in the, in the, in the, in the team, the group in Queen, what Maria May did? I don't know. What instrument? A guitar or... Yes? A guitar or... Okay. I don't know. What a tune. If only I had learned music. So what is the situation? If only I had learned music. Yeah, yeah. I, I understand, but I don't know. It will be like Brian May, for example. If only I have had music, I have, I, I, I had learned music. I will be like Brian May. The situation? Maybe it's a bit difficult. So it's, what is the situation, Javier? Oh. Okay. I see. I see. I see. I see. I see. I see. Okay. It's difficult. Yes. So if you can play the guitar. Yes. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. But good, good effort. Very good effort. Okay. Okay. Now Maria's turn. It's like... It's the same in Spanish. Yes. It's the same. It's the same. Uh-huh. I was born earlier. I wish I... I was born earlier. In this case it would be... Uh-huh. It's very difficult. It's difficult. Yes, I know. Yes. I was born earlier. In the past. Yes. Yes. Uh... I wish I... Biggest. Yes, biggest. But not biggest. So you can, if you want to... It's like bigger. If you want to, you can make it easier for Javier. So you can say something about your brother, for example. Yes. Okay. I think I can say this. Yes. I wish I was born earlier. Uh-huh. Um... I was bigger than my brother. Okay. Yeah. And play basketball, for example. No. Do you play bigger? No. It's bigger... 48. What? The eight. And the eight. Yes. Older. I wish I was older than my brother. You must to be older. Than my brother? It's very difficult to say. To be the preferred of the point. No. Hahaha. To be... Um... I wish I dominate my brother. You want to be stronger. Yes. Yes. So what do you think happened to her? Many years ago? Many years ago. The women... Many years ago. Yeah. With the women. When I was child. No. When you were? Child. Okay, it's okay. Maria, can you tell? It's very difficult. My big brother will hit me. It's very difficult. But you see, you could have said it in a way in a different way. You could have said... When I was a child. When I was little, my brother... No, you could have said... I wish my brother hadn't bullied me when I was a child. That would have made it easier for me. Yes. It doesn't. Yeah, but in the end... Exactly. Yeah, you're right. Okay. Okay. Have a good one. Have a good one. Yeah. If only I had studied more. If only I had studied... You can do a career or study something. No, it's... When we were young, when we were in the university, maybe you say this. If only I had studied more. You can finish the studies? No, you can't finish the studies or... For example, in the university age on the high school days, for example, if only I had studied more. Maybe now I will not be so nervous. If only I had studied more, maybe now I will not be with this nervous. Because I am going to have a... An exam or something like this. So what's the situation? You can pass the exam. Do you have an exam? Tomorrow, okay. Okay, very good. And now finally, the last activity we are going to do. For the night or study. So now what you're going to do is, you're going to write on a piece of paper, each of you is going to write on a piece of paper, three wishes. Three wishes. Two of them have to be true and one of them falls. Okay, I'll repeat. You have to write three wishes. Three wishes true that is possible to come. No, two of them have to be real wishes. Something you really wish. But one of them has to be false. One of them has to be false. For example, I wish I was a politician. In my case, that's a false wish. Remember, two true wishes and one false wish. Okay. And in a simple paper like that, yeah, exactly. I wish I had studied. You're regretting to be a teacher, exactly. Because you are regretting something from the past. Only three, okay, only three sentences. Okay, so now please exchange your papers. Okay, so Javier, you'll give your paper to Maria, Maria to Javier. Okay, so now what you're going to do is, Javier, you're going to read Maria's wishes. And you have to try to guess which one is true and which one is false, okay? Okay, Javier, can you start, please? I wish I had studied to be a teacher. Okay, so let's start with the first one. I wish I climbed the Himalaya. I think it's true. It's true? Very good, Javier. Very good intuition, very good intuition. Can you read the second one, please? I wish I had studied to be a teacher. The one is I wish I can play battery. So how about the second one? I think the battery is true. Yes. Okay. Okay. And the second one is false? Okay. So you don't wish you had studied to be a teacher? No. Only for the holidays, only for the holidays. Okay. And Maria, now can you read Javier's, please? I wish I had studied history. I think it's true. I also think it's true. Yes, very good. I wish I had lived in USA. And the other one is I wish I had met... Yes, you always. This is the... It's very difficult. I didn't want to compare it with history. It's the black runner that won three medals of gold in the Olympic Games of Berlin in the face of Hitler. Oh my goodness. Okay. The second one is false. The third one is true. Okay, okay. Very good. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. So, I'm Ivan. This has been lesson four. And these over here...