 The proposed response-based quantitative method assesses ecosystem vulnerability by integrating sensitivity and adaptability, revealing that nearly 30% of China's terrestrial ecosystems will be vulnerable from 1981 to 2050, with severe vulnerability in grassland and desert ecosystems. The results highlight the importance of considering regional differences in sensitivity and adaptability to temperature and precipitation when assessing ecosystem vulnerability. This article was authored by Chiambua GAO, Kuei Jiao, and Xiaohong Wu.