 Good day everybody. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal from the department chair. So we have opened up the abdomen. This is a supine cadaver We are standing on the right side. The camera person is also on the right side. You can see this yellow structure here This is the greater momentum. These are the coils of the small intestine here This is the liver that we can see here and in front of us We can see the stomach here and a little bit of the diodenum and of course on the sides We can see a little bit of the large intestine. Now, let's come to the stomach proper We can see the stomach here. This is the anterior surface of the stomach This portion is the region of the cardio of the stomach where the esophagus meets the stomach This portion where my finger is tracing. This is the fundus of the stomach from the fundus This portion is the body of the corpus of the stomach. This region is the pyloric antrum I have picked up this thick structure here with my finger This is the pylorus which contains the pyloric sphincter and after that it continues as the first part of the diodenum This is the greater curvature of the stomach and to the greater curvature of the stomach As I mentioned is attached the greater momentum and running along this will be the gastropyveloid vessels which I shall show just now This is the lesser curvature of the stomach and the lesser curvature of the stomach also has got attached the lesser momentum with its Two parts and running within the layers are the gastric vessels if you were to trace the lesser curvature of the stomach We find that at one place it is the most Dependent and there's a notch there vertically most dependent portion of the lesser curvature Which is got a notch is called the incisura angularis and if we were to take an imaginary line and drop it down to the greater curvature Till that much is the body of the stomach And after that is the pyloric antrum and thereafter is the pylorus. These are the parts of the stomach seen from front My finger now is in the Omental bursa of the lesser sac and this is the exterior surface of the stomach That brings me to what is the better the stomach the better the stomach Other contents which are behind the lesser sac and on which the stomach is situated to mention some of the organs on the better the stomach We have the pancreas which we cannot see here We have the left kidney left supra renal spleen left over the diaphragm the transverse mesocolon spleenic archery So these are the contents of the better the stomach which also incidentally happened to be the Posterior wall of the Omental bursa of the lesser sac now Let us show you the blood vessels of the stomach We have separated out the blood vessels from the greater curvature and we can see this blood vessel here This is the right gastroepiploid archery which runs on the greater curvature from right to left This is the branch of the gastrodeodal archery which comes behind the Deodna and as it runs on the greater curvature from right to left It anastomosis with this archery that we can see here and I picked it up here This is the left gastroepiploid archery and this runs from left to right and both of them anastomos in the greater curvature They gave multiple gastric branches and we can see the gastric branches here and they also give numerous Omental branches you can see them here. That's why it is referred as gastroepiploid is also referred as gastro omental archery Then we have the next set of arteries which are running at the lesser curvature and for that I have removed some of the fibers of the lesser momentum and we can see this archery here This is the left gastric archery which is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk and we can see it is running from Left to right on the lesser curvature. It was within the layers of the lesser momentum It's also giving an esophageal branch and this is anastomosing with this archery here This is the right gastric archery which comes from the hepatic archery proper and this runs from right to left and they Anastomos here So these are the main branches Additionally, the stomach also receives branches from the spleenic archery the posterior gastric archeries and it also Receives branches called basabrivia which are located near the fundus of the stomach Which also rise from the spleenic archery. We are going to open up the stomach And I'm going to show you the interior of the stomach But before that, let me just quickly mention. There are many clinical correlations pertaining to the stomach There are hundreds and thousands of surgeries I'll just mention the simplest procedure that we do in the stomach and that is what is known as a feeding gastrostomy If for some reason the patient cannot solo food then we have to put in a tube into the stomach to feed the patient And that's all the feeding gastrostomy. In the earlier days we used to open the stomach and we used to put in a tube Nowadays it is done endoscopically. We put in an endoscope through the esophagus and through the skin We put a local anesthesia and we insert the gastrostomy tube and we bring it out and that is known as Endoscope assisted percutaneous feeding gastrostomy. So this is one of the simplest procedures And of course nowadays a lot of bariatric weight reduction surgeries be performed on the stomach The assistants have done a wonderful job of opening up the stomach here and we are looking at the interior of the stomach So first let me show you quickly the layers of the stomach and this is the place where we can see the layers of the stomach reasonably clearly Outermost layer that you see here. This is the cirrhosa, which is the visceral peritoneum Then we have the muscular layer out of longitudinal inner circular smooth muscle Then we have the submucosa and finally we have the mucosa. If you were to take a look at the mucosa You find that in this particular cadaver the mucosa is very smooth Ideally it should be thrown into folds and those are called gastric rugae. Closer to the fundus of the stomach We can see that the stomach mucosa is thrown into folds and we can see that here These are called the gastric rugae The purpose of the rugae is to increase the surface area of the stomach mucosa and to allow for movement of the stomach. If you were to take a look at the mucosa Across the lesser curvature of the stomach. We find that they are more regular They're more smooth and they're more parallel. This special area of the mucosa is referred to as the gastric canal Which allows preferential passage of liquids from the stomach into the teardrum. To continue We have made the incision right across the antrum into the teardrum here We can see the pyloric sphincter where my instrument is tracing and if you were to take a close look We can see that the muscle of the pyloric sphincter is the thicker and smooth muscle of the stomach So this constitutes the pyloric sphincter and this ridge that we see here This is the cut open pyloric sphincter. So therefore this marks the junction between the stomach and the teardrum So this is the pyloric sphincter and this is the one which gets hypertrophied in newborn babies in the condition known as Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. So these are all the points which I want to mention to you in this Dissection of the domain. Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. We do the camera person If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day