 Thank you to everyone that has joined today's webinar. My name is Sarah Miller. I am our director of partnerships here at the Patient Safety Movement Foundation and I'm really excited to be welcomed by Ariana Longley, our chief operating officer. Today's webinar presentation will be about how to be safe in the hospital learning house. So with that said, can we go to the agenda? Perfect, so today's agenda will give a really brief overview of who we are here at the foundation. We'll discuss your safety in the hospital, some of the free resources that we have, some COVID-19 resources, and then at the very end, we will have a question and answer session. For those of you that have joined, you have been muted upon entry, you will not be able to unmute yourself. So if you have any questions throughout the presentation, there is a little chat button on the bottom right-hand corner. And at the end, you can also submit your questions in the Q&A section that is live. I will be monitoring that and I will read those questions at the very end of this presentation. So with that said, I will pass it over to Ariana. Thanks, Sarah, and welcome everyone. Good morning, good afternoon, good evening, wherever you are in the world. So before, let's see, whoops, there we go. So before we get into who we are as an organization, I'd like to start off with a video. I will say that the video does contain some graphic images and it might be upsetting to some people. So if you think that you might be squeamish, you can come back in about five minutes when the video is over. So with that said, I'd like to start off with this patient's story and then we'll get into who we are as an organization. Just as the nurse was about to... Padding that was over my incision, my mother said, wait a minute, there's something on her stomach, look like a mole. And my mother asked the nurse to call the doctor to come back and she didn't want to. She said, I am not going to call the doctor for what's going to turn out to be nothing. My mother said, I'll call the doctor. I'll never forget, I was looking at my doctor and I raised the gauze and I just saw his face completely change. And when I looked down at my abdomen, the black dot was gone and there was a quarter-sized pustule. The infection kept spreading and it was starting to go down my leg. Over 2 million patients a year get hospital-acquired infections. I ended up having six more surgeries, nine blood transfusions. I left the hospital with an open abdomen that took three years to close. My hospital, they were cited for being in violation of five state laws and 10 federal laws for unsanitary conditions in their operating rooms. It took me 10 years of almost weekly physical therapy to get back to a new normal life. I spent this past year, 2017, fighting for my life all over again. I went to the hospital with a sinus infection and they said, okay, we're going to keep you because it looks like you're starting to be in the early stages of sepsis. Well, the next morning, the infectious disease doctor came and he said, oh, great news. We're going to send you home. And I said, really? And he said, you know my history? I said, I'm a survivor of sepsis, pseudomonas, MRSA, VRE, and necrotizing fasciitis. Can we wait until my labs come back before you discharge me? And I'd like to see what some of the cultures are saying. And he goes, oh, we didn't do any cultures. We don't need that. And, you know, we did a test for pneumonia and influenza and you're fine. You don't have those. So we're going to go ahead and let you go home. And I said, well, can I get a second opinion on that? Can we talk to someone about that? And he said, I'm the best infectious disease doctor in the Valley, probably the state. Any other doctor is going to tell you the same thing I'm telling you. I ended up having two more surgeries, two more blood transfusions, deep vein thrombosis, blood clots in both arms. I was right back where I was five years before. And it just, it really cemented for me the need to change the way we teach doctors, the way we treat doctors, the way they interact with patients and patients interact with them. We need to start sharing patient experience with our medical students, with our nursing students, so that they can get it from the horse's mouth. When you're building your house, your profession, you want to make sure that you build it on a solid foundation of patient safety. It's a major reason why we've seen 50,000 fewer preventable patient deaths in hospitals. And if you want to know what that means, ask Alicia Cole, who suffers the long-term effects of a hospital-acquired infection. You know, we've learned a lot in healthcare and we're better than we were 10 years ago. We're doing great at talking about patient-centered care. We're doing great at talking about preventing errors. We've got to do better in the action of it. So, Alicia is so wise. Alicia sits on our board of directors and every time I watch this video, I learn a little something more. It's a great example of someone who was very educated the second time around and still saw a lot of challenges. So, I think it's a great reminder to all of us whether you're attending from a clinical role today, whether you're just someone who's a concerned citizen and heard about this from a friend or family member or you're a patient or family member who has experienced this kind of harm before. There's so many bits and pieces of that video that I think we can all relate to. So, let's go a little bit into who we are as an organization here at the Patient Safety Movement Foundation. We have a very bold vision of achieving zero preventable patient harm and death across the globe by 2030. For those of you who are new to our organization, we had a very bold and audacious goal of achieving zero preventable death by 2020 and no, we didn't make it, but we heard from everyone who had been following us for the last eight or nine years that it was really important to keep that urgency, that we were an organization that helps kind of bring everyone together and say, this has to happen now. One preventable patient death is one too many. And so our mission, we've just revised it. So, this might be new to people who've been following us for a while, but it's to urgently unify people and collectively improve patient safety across the globe. And so one of the ways that we can do that is by educating the public, educating people about how to be safe in the hospital. Our core competencies, I'll just go through these real quickly, is forging global relationships, partnerships and collaboratives to actively promote change for patient safety. Second is to develop and disseminate patient safety education to governing bodies, healthcare professionals, students, patients, the families and the public. So that's what we're here doing today. And three is also creating public demand for safe and highly reliable care. So we hope that as you learn a little bit today that you'll think, how can I help create demand, whether it be locally or regionally, statewide or nationally, how can you help drive this mission that we have to make care safer and reliable for every patient who's receiving care. So, moving into the second part of the presentation for today, your safety in the hospital. And first, I'm gonna provide you with some facts around patient safety and medical error. One other disclaimer, I am not a medical doctor. I am not a nurse. I do have a master of public health degree. So be kind to me in the questions and answers section. If there's something that I can't answer because I don't have experience, I will relay that to our clinical team and get back to you after the fact, but just keep that in mind that this is from being absorbed in patient safety and medical error working in this field for the last six years. We've learned a lot and wanna be able to share some of that information with you. So I think most people who probably are here will probably know this, but I don't wanna assume that medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States. There have been various articles that have been written, as you can see here from US News & World Report and CNBC. There was an article that came out back in 2016 from Johns Hopkins that said that it was about 250,000 Americans were dying of medical errors. Now, I'm gonna put an asterisk here because we're still in times of COVID. We know that here in the United States at the time of this presentation where over 500,000 people have died in the United States. We know that COVID has moved up to number three. However, during any other normal year when there isn't a pandemic, medical error has been for the last several years, the third leading cause of death. So I think that's important. Hopefully we're becoming vaccinated, having less infection and hopefully next year we won't have to worry about the pandemic. But it is a really significant cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. So I'm gonna show you just some headlines. These are from across the world, showing you how medical errors has made it into some of the headlines. So this one says baby died in dad's arms after bungling hospital. Medics made five major mistakes. This was out of the UK, shrouded in secrecy, a beloved Utah mother and grandmother died after having liposuction. Why do so few people know? Medical error ends with teen's thumb replaced with toe. Not funny, but quite a headline. And then the last one is ex-PDP goober aspirant dies in Lagos hospital. And this was actually a 49 year old businessman, the son of a billionaire politician, philanthropist and he had liposuction and died of hypoxia. So this really is occurring everywhere across the world. So bringing this back to COVID as we still are in this world today, this was an article that was published last summer in August. And it says as COVID-19 spread the feds relaxed rules and hospitals tried to contain the outbreak, other infections may have risen. So we also have to consider that as COVID-19 and the pandemic has affected our health systems, it may have also led to other infections and other types of issues related to patient safety and medical error inside of the hospital. So this is something that, again, as a current event that keeps lasting here, we have to be cognizant of and how that affects your care as you seek care in the hospital in the future. I do also wanna note one other piece of information that has become much more in the news and highlighted and important this last year. And so this is an article also from last summer that says the safety of healthcare for ethnic minority patients was much higher, excuse me, they were at a higher risk of patient safety events if those people were from minority groups. And so those are the events that could have or did result in harm to the patient compared to the mainstream population. So minority patients, minority populations are vulnerable here. And so it's really important for us to consider that as well as we're talking about the safety of the patients and your safety in the hospital. So I'm gonna talk a little bit about a poll that we conducted last year. So in April, right as everything was locking down, we wanted to take a look at how many people actually knew what medical errors or patient harm was. So we conducted a public awareness poll through a polling firm. And we found in the, I have a little box over here, in the lighter orange color in the tangerine perhaps, you can see that if you pulled the two, yes, I've heard a little and no, I haven't heard anything. So these are people who don't, haven't heard very much about medical error patient injury. That's 91% of the people who were pulled in our survey so that they had heard very little or nothing. That's a lot. So we're saying this is a huge issue, maybe third or fourth leading cause of death, yet 91% of people have heard little or nothing about it. We just repeated this poll in March of this year. So about a month earlier than we normally would have. And we heard that that number had gone down, which is good, right? And hopefully as we do work as other organizations that are involved in patient safety do work, we wanna see that number drop. So it wasn't dramatic, but we did see that there had been a small decrease and now 87.3% of people had said that they had heard very little or nothing about medical error and patient injuries. So that's why this is really important for us to educate you and for you to continue spreading the word about this issue, about medical error, about patient harm and what we can do to actually prepare and in some ways, solve some of these issues that we know how to. So I wanted to provide just a few examples. We talked about people saying that they knew very little or nothing about medical errors. So I am gonna spend a few minutes here on this slide talking about what are medical errors. So a medical error is an unintentional, preventable adverse event, whether or not it's evident or harmful to the patient and leads to unsafe care. Medical errors are most often made by health workers who mean well but operate in a healthcare system, lacking systems and processes that are highly reliable like aviation, nuclear power and oil. So I think this is really important. I think it's really easy for people to think, nurse so-and-so forgot my medicine and now I wanna blame her. However, why did nurse so-and-so miss that dose? Was it because she was distracted and she didn't have some mechanism to make sure that she came back to you? It's very often almost, a majority of the time it's the systems, these healthcare systems that are not highly reliable that lead to opportunities for mistakes to happen. So some examples of medical errors if we wanna just go through a few of those. So let's say your son tests positive for COVID-19 and is admitted to the hospital, do the lack of masks, your son's caregiver isn't able to stop the spread of infection and is also infected. So that would be preventable. Giving a COVID-19 example, right? Second would be maybe your grandmother goes into the hospital for a hip replacement, gets an infection at the site of her surgery and dies five days later. This is preventable. This is something that as people start hearing about this, they think, oh my gosh, yeah, that's right. My aunt went in for surgery and she got an infection and she died. They start understanding and hopefully you'll start to recognize their people in your lives that have been affected. Third, so maybe your neighbor has an asthma attack during allergy season, goes into the emergency department for relief. The medication they give to your neighbor is 10 times stronger than it should be and he dies. This is preventable. And then lastly, your brother is in a skateboarding accident, hits his head and becomes unconscious in the hospital. They place a tube in his trachea and it becomes dislodged and he dies. This is also preventable. So these are just a few of the many obviously types of examples that we can offer to help you understand what a medical error might be. All right, so let's now talk about some tips. So those were some facts. Let's move into some tips to keep you safe in the hospital. So how can you prepare for your hospital stay? One would be to research your medical issues. Now some of the clinicians who might be on the line might say, oh gosh, she's telling them to go to the web. However, it's a lot easier these days to type into the search engine and kind of research your medical issues. Now, if you know that you have a certain type of medical issue, maybe it's been diagnosed, the web can be really helpful to help, you only have a few minutes in front of your doctor most of the time. So being able to search the web and find some additional details is helpful. This also can be helpful if you have very specific symptoms and you wanna look them up and see, should I go to the doctor? Should I go to the ED? How emergent is this problem? Second would be research your doctor. So we aren't connected with healthgrades.com it's just a website that I've found to be helpful and have recommended to people. What you can do is if you go to healthgrades.com you can type in the name of your physician or specialist, whoever you'll be seeing and they'll tell you a lot about that person. There are sometimes reviews from the public but most often it'll have like what their credentials are and other helpful information. If you're having to search for a new doctor and you don't know who to pick this can oftentimes kind of help you sort through and figure out if you think that they're right that for your care. And lastly would be to research your hospital. So these are two tools Medicare which is the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services or also known as CMS. They have a great website called Hospital Compare. So if you were to click on the first link you can actually search by your zip code which can be quite helpful for you to see how two hospitals in your same zip code or within 25 miles of your zip code might compare. And then the LeapFrog group is another nonprofit organization that takes that Medicare data, that hospital compare data and layers on top of that a survey that they send out to hospitals in order to provide a grade. So you'll see sometimes hospitals will say we're a LeapFrog A hospital or we're a B hospital. And so this type of information can be particularly helpful if you're, let's say you are going in for a knee replacement or you're going in for cardiac surgery. There's sometimes very specific information through both of those tools that might be able to help you distinguish between whether you should go to hospital A or B based on your procedure and the outcomes of the patients who've gone in for a similar procedure. So again, very helpful information. There are other tools out there that wanted to supply you all with a few examples. So second would be no possible risks and alternatives to proposed treatments. So the first thing to think about would be, should I ask what kind of complications might you expect if you're going in for a treatment? So I have here, maybe it's a blood clot. Maybe there's a risk for you particularly of having a blood clot after surgery. So they might tell you, hey, this is what you're gonna have to look out for if you are prone to blood clots. Second might be nausea, right? What kind of complications might you expect? Are they gonna be really major, minor? What are you gonna be thinking about? And then second would be, what should you be concerned about? Same thing with blood clots there. The second one is delirium. They often in the hospital, if they're suspecting delirium, ask you to draw a clock. And this is oftentimes what a clock might look like if someone is delirious. So just think about asking these two questions. What kind of complications might you expect from whatever you're going in for or what you're in the hospital for and what should you be concerned about? They're going to be different. They won't be these four examples every single time. And then also ask, what is your discharge plan? I think often so many people are in the hospital, they just wanna go home. They're tired, they've been kept up all night by alarms, they just wanna go home. And they oftentimes think, it's fine. I don't really need to follow the discharge plan. I just wanna get home and get back to my normal routine. And it's very important that you'll be given perhaps new medications or have been swapped medications. You may have new types of therapies and things like that. Maybe you have physical therapy following it. So these are just some of the questions that you might wanna consider ensuring that you have answers to before you leave. As a reminder, this presentation and resources will be posted following this webinar. So if I am moving past some things and you're trying to take pictures or screenshots, they will be shared later. And also, as a reminder, you can also find many of these resources on our website. This is a short URL for you. So it's patient.sm slash patient dash resources. All right, so let's also think about what you should bring with you to the hospital. So the first thing would be your medical records. And what does that mean? It couldn't be some digital version that you have, but it should probably incorporate and be some of these items here, if not all of them if you're able. So your problem list. The problem list is like, what are the problems that you are currently experiencing that you wanna make sure that the care team understands? Second would be your chief complaint. Why are you in the hospital? Is it because you broke your leg? The problem list might be that you have diabetes and asthma, but your chief complaint, why you're actually there, is you broke your leg. Other medical problems and treatments. So same thing here, right? That you're diabetic, that you're anemic, that you have COPD, that you have allergies. What other medical problems and treatments might your care team need to know that would be important for them to be able to treat you properly? Other examples would be previous surgeries done or other related treatments. What else might they need to know about you again to have a good picture of you, especially if you're going to a different hospital than you normally do? If we do have electronic health records, a lot of that information is maintained if you're going to the same system every single time. But remember, it's always helpful to bring up the problem list, your chief complaints, and the other medical problems and treatments just to make sure that that person who's looking at you doesn't have to go through a million different tabs than the EHR to find all that information. When we're talking about previous surgeries and other related treatments, they should be kind of sub-bullet points, but what was done, how did it go? Did you have any complications and how did you tolerate anesthesia are all really good questions to also try to answer and provide to your care team? If you're going to have to go under anesthesia and you've been under before and you've had a bad reaction, always helpful to mention that they might be able to pull what kind of anesthesia they used and try to avoid that. Again, all that information, super, super helpful for someone who's going to try to care for you and the whole team that's going to try to care for you. The second thing that you should bring with you are your medications. So first and probably least, the easiest thing for you to do would be to bring your medication list. So the name of your medications, the dose and the frequency at which you take those medications. The second would be if at all possible, if you can grab your actual medication bottles. I know that it might be an emergent situation and about to just jump in the back of an ambulance, but if you are able to go to the hospital, bring them in a baggie, a paper baggie, a plastic baggie and say, this is what I have. The reason that we say this is there's a process called medication reconciliation where the care team can reconcile all of the medications that you have. This is great for if you do have chronic conditions, perhaps like diabetes or cardiovascular problems. You might be, if you've seen other, several doctors or many doctors, you might have two prescriptions that have different names that might be doing essentially the same thing. And it could be that you're taking more than you need to and one of those could be eliminated. So this is actually really helpful for the care team to help you with just simplifying what you have. Also, if they're planning on giving you any new medication and there might be something that counteracts with it, again, very, very helpful for them to have as much information as possible. I have included a graphic from the World Health Organization. It's called the Five Moments for Medication Safety. And this can be really helpful as well for just your normal routine if you just go and see your GP and they give you a medication. There's these five steps that you can consider around what questions to ask when you're starting a medication, when you're actually taking your medication, when you're adding a medication and already taking another one, reviewing your medication list and stopping your medication. In a few slides, I'll talk about an app that the World Health Organization has created around these five moments for medication safety. So I'll have another opportunity to talk about this a little bit more. All right, and the last, but definitely not the last thing that you should bring with you is an advocate. I like to define what an advocate is first so people understand that an advocate is a supporter, a believer, a sponsor, a promoter, a campaigner, a backer, a spokesperson. So no matter what kind of synonym you use, an advocate is supposed to be someone who's there to promote you, to back you, to be your spokesperson. And so an effective advocate is someone who has these three characteristics. It has to be someone that you trust, someone who's willing to take action on your behalf and someone who works well with others. Now, I don't wanna be crass or overlook this, but remember if you have, let's say, a spouse or a brother or sister and someone really close to you and they do not work well with others, they have a short fuse, perhaps have a temper or even someone who is just kinda laid back and they're not gonna take action on your behalf, consider someone else. If this person's your spouse and someone who would be kind of the natural advocate for you, consider is there a neighbor who you've been living next door to for 10 years, who knows you really well and would be able to take action on your behalf, just consider that an advocate that's effective really should have all three of these components. Now, I know that there are situations that you may not have a friend or family member who can go to the hospital with you. Maybe you've recently moved, maybe people have passed away in your family and you just don't have someone to help you. There are other options. There are options to hire an advocate. There are organizations that you can go on and find very specific advocates for you to go into the hospital, for people to help you with medical billing, et cetera. And then another option is if you have a disability, you may actually have access to advocates through a center for independent living. This was actually a suggestion from one of the presentations that I did a few months ago but someone mentioned, hey, this is another option for people who may not have a friend or a family member to help them advocate. So just consider those things. Who would be on your kind of list to be your advocate and how do you make sure that everyone in your family or everyone around you knows to call that person if you get into trouble? If you end up being in the hospital, does everyone know who's gonna be the most effective advocate for them and make sure that they show up? And remember, the most important thing about advocating is the best information about you always comes from you. So if you aren't unconscious, you know you know you more than anyone else. So the information that you can provide is always gonna be the most reliable and advocate is second best and equally important. All right, so some free resources now as we move into the latter part of the presentation, I'm gonna share with you some tips and tools to stay safe. The first is Patient Aider, which is kind of a homegrown mobile app that we through the volunteerism and thanks to Mary Macelli. She's a retired RN, she's the creator of Patient Aider and now continues to curate it. Mary basically was a nurse who was really frustrated that patients didn't know how to navigate their hospital care. They didn't understand what some of the risks were and she felt that if they just had this information that it might be easier for them to be patients and be partners in healthcare with their healthcare providers. So Mary designed this app, donated to us very kindly several years ago and continues to work with us on the content. So the concept behind Patient Aider is you go to the first screen with the colored squares and you would say, I'm at home preparing for the hospital. You'd click that. And then on the right-hand side, you see that there's a topic called airway and ventilators. So this is an opportunity for either yourself, if you know that you're gonna be intubated, that you're gonna go through surgery, you can learn a little bit about what it means when they put an airway in and if you're gonna be on a ventilator, what that means. It can also be very helpful for an advocate. So if you're an advocate and they throw out a term in the hospital and you're not sure what it means, Patient Aider has a set of, I believe close to 50 different topics that help kind of bring some of the language in the hospital displaying the terms down to the layperson level. So definitely recommend that you download that. It is free. It's on the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. Second is all sorts of tools that we've found. We haven't created everything on our own because there are so many amazing other resources out there. So this is just a series of different kind of toolkits that you can find. The one on the left, my health notebook is from Johns Hopkins. Your discharge planning checklist is from CMS. You can see we have campaign zero and consumers advancing patient safety. All sorts of different resources that we've found have been sent to us. People have said, hey, this has been really helpful for us that you can download for free and bring with you or bring along to the hospital. The second set of resources that are also on our website are checklists and kind of one pagers. So the one that I wanna highlight first is actually the who's who in the hospital which is on the right hand side. It can be very confusing for someone who hasn't spent a lot of time in a hospital to know who is this person who's coming into my room and what is their role and what should they be doing. So there's a really helpful checklist from the Empowered Patient Coalition that helps kind of define what are these types of people, what can you expect? This information is also in Patient Aider and anything from postoperative pain management, what to do to prepare for surgery, all sorts of checklists and guides again, collected from all over the internet, all of our friends and friends of the movement that we've put together on the patient.sm slash patient dash resources webpage. I do wanna mention a few other resources that we found that are very helpful. One is from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality also known as AHRQ or ARC. So on the left hand side, they have a mobile app. It's called Question Builder. It's really nice. Think about all the times that you've gone to the doctor and you've thought, oh man, I had three items and I've only remembered two and now I only have one minute left of my appointment before I have to go. Man, then you get in the car and you're like, that was the question I wanted to ask my doctor. So Question Builder is that type of app where you can just type in all the questions that you have. It'll link it to your calendar and then you could open that while you're in the doctor's office and say, these are my five questions and that way you don't forget anything. The other mobile app was what I mentioned a little bit earlier and it's created by the World Health Organization. I believe it was the first consumer-focused mobile app that the World Health Organization created and it's called WHO MedSafe and it's those five moments for medication safety that I mentioned built into a mobile app. So it helps guide you through the five moments for medication safety and helps you, perhaps if you're with your doctor to show them, hey, I have these questions and they can see it's from the World Health Organization and why you're asking it. So I do wanna say there are many other resources I could probably have a two-hour webinar just for other resources that are really, really neat, nifty, out there for free. So we've just picked a few. If you do have suggestions and you don't see them on our website and you think it's something that other people would benefit from, please don't hesitate to put it in the chat box or email us after the fact and we'd be happy to add it on our website. All right, so moving into the next section of the webinar is COVID-19 resources. So I'm gonna talk about information about the virus and vaccines. Now, I want to keep in mind that if you're watching this video on YouTube later, it is May of 2021. And so we know that as time passes, things change, information changes, all sorts of things have happened in this last year. So at this point in time, visitation is still pretty limited in most hospitals. There are several hospitals that I've heard of that are opening up and allowing advocates to be at the bedside if they've shown that they've been COVID positive or have the vaccination. So keep that in mind that at this curtain point in time as you're listening live and maybe listening on YouTube later that it is still really important to consider that some places may not be open to allow someone to come in and advocate like they would have been able to pre-pandemic. So just keep that in mind and find out what options by this time May of 2021, they should know what options they can provide you as far as whether you can do any kind of telecommunication with your loved one who's in the hospital. Or like I said, if you've been vaccinated fully, you can ask the question, have you opened up so that I can now advocate at the bedside? Also think about knowing what your loved ones are wanting, the open about end of life discussions. And you can also follow the plan of care for home using virtual communication, as I mentioned. One tool that we have built, which is on the right hand side of the screen, the hospital plan of care, this can be really helpful. This is a tool that was created by our clinical team in order for you to use this for someone who might be in the hospital due to COVID. So you can fill in all of kind of the green areas there. All right, and COVID-19 vaccination tips, as we know, there are several vaccines that are now currently on the market. A lot of the American general public is getting vaccinated. We do have frequently updated, frequently asked questions on our website. If you go to the link that's displayed below. And I do have just a snapshot of what that webpage looks like. We have information about, you know, how the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines work, you know, how effective are the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, those are the ones that are currently available right now here in March of 2021, and just other common questions. So we've tried to pull everything together. And like I said, we frequently update that with new information as it's available. All right, so this is the end of the presentation. So what can you do if you're listening today? One would be make a personal commitment to zero by registering on our website. We are an organization that is commitment-based. We want people to take action and actually do something so we can achieve zero preventable deaths and harm across the globe by 2030. You can advocate for yourself and your loved ones based on the information that you learned today. You can share resources that help friends and family members that you've seen today. Make sure to go back to the URLs that we've provided and feel free to share those as widely as you would like. Speak up for yourself and your loved ones. I know that's very similar to advocating, but just know that you have a voice and we are moving as a healthcare system more towards having patients be partners in their care. We're making great strides there and you do have a voice so you can always speak up. Participate in our next event, whether it be a virtual webinar like this for an in-person event in the future, we would love to have you continue to be involved. And lastly, invite us to present this type of presentation at any clubs or schools or libraries that you might be connected to. This obviously, we used to do this in person. We would do it at Rotary clubs and senior centers and libraries and things like that. A lot of those have moved virtually. So if there is an opportunity for us to come into your world and share this information if you think it's helpful, we would love to. So you can email us about that. So with that, the presentation has concluded. So I will open it up to Q&A and pass it over to Sarah. Thanks, Ariana, and thank you so much for providing us with that great information. I will kind of echo Ariana's presentation and just say that all of these resources that she referenced are on our website. We have a lot of different pages and we're constantly updating it. So again, if you have any suggestions for what might be missing, we'd love to hear from you and we'd love for you to email us those resources so that we can take a look and hopefully add this to our website for the public. I will say that the Q&A session is open. So I will give it a few minutes to allow you all to submit your questions if you have any for Ariana and myself. And I did want to note in the meantime, we did receive quite a few resources from some of our attendees today. So I did want to acknowledge and thank you all. We will take a look at those and email you if we have any questions. I do want to acknowledge, I just looked at the chat and I saw that Lisa Maurice, I appreciate you commenting that most people don't recognize the word medication as meaning their medicines. And so it looks like there was some research done at MedStar on patient-centered medication safety. And so I thought that that was very, very interesting and we'll take a look at how we might be able to include this in the, how to be safe in the hospital and make sure that people understand that medication means their medicine that they take every day. So thanks, Lisa. And thank you for all those resources that you said just as well. Perfect. Well, if we don't have any questions, if you for some reason end this webinar today and have another question that you'd like to ask us, feel free to email us. We're always available and we'll be sure to answer your question promptly. But if we don't have any questions I'm happy to give you all about 20 minutes back to your day. And I will just say thank you again, Ariana, for all of your great information. And we hope that this has been helpful for our larger group. Thank you everyone. Thanks so much. Have a great day.