 3D and 4D printing are two new technologies that have revolutionized the field of tissue engineering. They enable the fabrication of complex shapes with high precision and the use of intelligent materials that respond to external stimuli. These techniques have been used to create dynamic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, including patient-specific scaffolds. Additionally, physical and chemical guidance cues can be printed onto the scaffolds to enhance the rate and extent of tissue regeneration. This article was authored by Dilara Goksu-Tami, Dilara Goksu-Tami, Tuba Derson-Yuzul and others.