 Da ist es jetzt Zeit für mich, einen neuen Speaker einzuführen. Das ist Steini. Der Steini hat auf dem 32C3 schon mal einen ganz ähnlichen Talk gemacht, nämlich Quantenphysik und Kosmologie. Jetzt müsst ihr noch mal eure Hände benutzen. Wer hat den Talk gesehen, egal ob live oder stream oder aufgezeichnet? Ganz schön viele. Okay. Damals hat er uns erzählt von Energieportion, Unschärfe, Verschränkungen. Welcome to the translation of the talk. Fariolitätstheorie für blutige Anfänger, the serial faculty for absolute beginners from the 34Case Communication Congress in Leipzig. We are Pete Fyrorty and Frau Blauwa. Ist er jetzt wieder da mit seinem alten Format Physik für blutige Anfänger und wird uns auf seine ganz besondere Steiniart helfen, die Relativitätstheorie zu verstehen. Also einmal großen Applaus für Steini. Danke. Ja, wir müssen anfangen. Okay, we have to start. We only have half an hour. So, this will be all of the information. Spezielle und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie. Das ist was, was in esoteriker Kreisen permanent abgelehnt wird. That's something, which is often discussed and firstly, two disclaimers. Die Relativitätstheorie, die allgemeine ist. The special and the channel one is nothing, which proves anything or which can be true or false. It's just something, which nature, as we know it, as we can observe it. And it's the best theory describing this nature. This does not mean it is true. This just means you do not have a better theory to that. And it's very good for that because all the observations, which we have made in physics, so everything, which is on big scales, like huge masses, big velocities. It's very good description. It doesn't describe everything. There are often conflicts with quantum mechanics. I have talked about it years ago, but that's a topic today. Today I would like to, I would like to destroy your point of view from the world, if you know it. That's not important for you. Because of the effects, you do not experience them physical. But nevertheless, it's very important for the understanding of the world, as you know it. And that's part of physics. So it develops serious. How does this work, where it works? And every theory we use has to explain all of the observations we have made, describe them precisely. All of the aesthetics don't do that. That's why I would like to start now. So that's something, which everything, which can be said without evidence, can also be destroyed without evidence. Irgendwas in der Richtung behauptet. So everyone is stating something like that. They have taken to act that our physicist says, oh, no. So we have to put effort into that. And all of your theory has to be cross-checked without the observations. So then you can say, oh, Heureka, I found something. And that's how I start. So, this year of relativity. So, first of all, what does this mean? What means relative? So if we are sitting upside down. So we have a cup in a bowl. The cup is filled with water to top. And the cup has a hacker. So we can both say, OK, the cup is filled. We do observe the same thing. But we do not think the same. I will say it's on the left or on the right-hand side. So that's depending on the point of view. And that's basically the character of the theory of relativity. So how do we see experiments? So how are they relative to something? So we have to go back in time a little bit. So Isaac Newton, firstly, has observed and described mechanics, how has the word, and he has developed some equations. And you all work very nicely. So this work said we can send a satellite to Plutio and it actually arrives. So it describes the work pretty nicely. But it has some problems. For example, in Newton Mechanics, there is nothing which takes time to actually do something in priority. That's immediately. It's just here two bodies attracting each other's end of the story. But that's a problem. That's a problem. Because Maxwell, for example, has described that in the Maxwell equations. He has taken the electric force and the magnetic force. I have put them together in a system of equations. So the new equations do both describe these forces together in electromagnetic interactions. And this exception does fit much better reality as everything which has been described beforehand. And in Maxwell equations, there is the electric field constant and the magnetic field constant. There are a lot of equations, but we don't want to talk about that, because we don't have time. And if you put them together, you get an output. And the output is that these electromagnetic waves, you have a maximum speed. And this maximum speed is the speed of light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave. And these equations were low for a sign. They said that the speed of light has a maximum. Plus in these equations, there is nothing concerning the source of light, like something of the torch that is moving. That's a problem, because you know all that thing. Because if you run and you show a ball, then the ball has the speed of the showing, plus my own speed. And the Maxwell equations does not take into account. That has been problematic. So they have tried to make experiments and to prove that this is not true. So they wanted to show that the speed of light is actually depending on the speed of the body. So they have developed some experiments. For example, the Michael Smorley experiment is one of them. But we have to think about it. How can you actually prove if Maxwell is right? So measure the speed of light. It's pretty hard. Galileo has tried with some mirrors changing amount. And no matter how far they are apart, still within the uncertainty of the measurement, the speed of light couldn't be measured. We had the problem already discussed in my talk of quantum mechanics. The problem to measure this, we can also send a pulse of light through a wheel. So we are exactly two of these pins. So always the light. So we only have like pulses of light behind this wheel. So they are flying to the mirror. And they are coming back. If this wheel is now spinning fast enough, then this light of a pulse of light will crash again as well and then comes through. So using the rotation of this wheel and using this pulse of light, we can say something from the rotation of speed, how fast was the light on this distance we have measured. And what we then find is that we have this 298.000 km per second. That's incredibly fast. Das ist sehr schnell. Und jetzt wollten Michelsen und Morley now Michelsen Morley wanted to show that the thing everyone wanted to see, that they really wanted it to be real. Like this wave is actually traveling into a medium. Like a water is moving around, like a water. And the water is the medium. And the wave is moving on that water. Or also acoustic waves. Then we have a vibration of the air. And the thing that's vibrating on this wave, that's this acoustic wave. And the people really wanted to have that there is also for this electromagnetic wave, is also traveling through something. Das hat man dann die Lichtärter genannt. They called it the light eater. And everyone agreed. Okay, that's so part of the Maxwell's equation. But it would be really awesome if this would actually exist. So let's prove that. Let's have an experiment. Because Morley have started an experiment. They have started a positive light in one direction and the other direction perpendicular. And then we have these mirrors, that they can reflect it. And then they will be... Come together on this part. And if they fit together, the wave is not existing anymore after. Der beiden Arme. Und dann ist das Licht, löscht sich aus, ist gut. And then the light is gone. It's dark. So I know Earth is rotating on its own axis. And then plus the sun around the center of the galaxy. So I need this construction with these two arms. And I have to turn it. And then I see it in one direction. The speed of light is faster. Because in the other direction. Or I'd say the one. And I'm with the Earth, with the movement of the Earth. So the light has the same direction with the easter. So the other direction has to be slower. So the theory is pretty simple. So if I'm traveling with almost speed of light and I see the photon traveling past me. So if I'm slower, like 10 km per hour, then the speed of light would be cool. But we'll see. That's actually fatal. In the 19th century, they have really tried to prove their concepts. And they fade completely. There is none. There is nothing where the light is traveling. Too bad. Und dann noch viel schlimmer als das. Und dann, even worse than that, it came out that Maxwell's probably right. And it follows that light has always the same speed. So light has an absolute velocity. And that's completely independent from how fast the observer moves. So the one who shoots the light. And you have to let that sink in. If there's someone who stands there and I run away with 90% of the light's velocity flight. And now he shoots, like with a photon cannon, like a lamp, he shoots in my direction. Then I would expect that this light would only travel with 10% of the speed of light. But that's not true. But if I measure this in my system, from my perspective, it still approaches me with the speed of light. So, what do we do? How do we fix this? If the speed of light is absolute, then the whole picture of the world breaks down of the absolute space and also of absolute time. And now, why is that? So we build a light clock to mirrors, maybe 15 cm apart. And now a photon bounces back and forth. In 1 second does this 1 Billion times. And every time it touches the mirror, it makes a sound. And after 1 Billion times, a second has passed. Now imagine a space in the universe, completely void. And nothing in it. Extremely boring. Us in the middle of it, with a lamp in our hand. And the light clock ticks and always ticks the same. No matter how far you move through the space. So you have to be careful with physical, because fast doesn't make sense in a completely empty universe. Why? Because fast in relation to what? Because there's no relative space. You can move fast. Because you don't move. You don't move at all in empty space. No matter what I do. So there's something approaching me. Also has a light clock. So there's the light clock and it moves. So what do you see? It does like zigzag. Because else it would miss the mirror. Because the mirror moves. Now, the speed of light is absolute. Das heißt, das Licht ist noch genau so schnell. The light has still the same speed. If I see someone pass by me. So still 300.000 km per second. So that means, it has to travel a longer distance. Das geht nur. This only works. And only for this object, for this light clock, the time passes slower. Das haben wir ja eben schon gekauft. Da gibt es andere Experimente. And we already showed that the speed of light is absolute. So the time has to be relative. So we can say, okay, the light is just light. So we put a clock on top and every one million times it measures seconds. Tick. In between it does one billion times a signal. Now, the one who flies past me, he sees something completely different. From his perspective he sees the same thing as I do. He floats in space and I fly past him. And every billion times there is a tick. And his light clock and his regular clock are completely synchronized. So for the other observer, the clock is slower. And now there is a problem. Watch closely. So both people see that the clock of the other person goes slower. Because the light does this zigzag motion. If they now talk to each other, if they could talk to each other and tell each other that, without the time passes, without that you need time for the communication, then we would have a paradox. Because both would have to say, well, your time is slower than mine. And that's paradox. And that's why, because that would be paradoxical, und aber Einstein didn't like paradoxes at all. It means that you can only transmit information with the speed of light. Because in order to transmit the information for this one, he has a completely linear movement and he claims, I move in this direction. Well, now we have to tell each other what we observe. That only works with speed of light. This fixes everything. I'll save you all the equations because we couldn't be able to do that in 30 minutes. But only through accepting that they only can communicate which is in the speed of light, then this works with the resolution of this seeming paradox. So we see, well, the time is somehow relative. It has to be relative if the speed of light is absolute. But this makes it complicated to say something happens at the same time. So what does it mean for things to be happening at the same time? So you do the following experiment. That's something Einstein did too. So we assume we are in the year 1905. So we are 26. He says, okay, there's a train. And the train drives into a train station with a constant speed. And in the middle of the train there is a light bulb. It's the same distance to the front at the end. And the two persons in the train they see the light bulb and they see, okay, well, the train doesn't move. So relatively to them the train station passes by. Now the light turns on and it has to travel the same distance. And they say, oh, this happened at the same time. It has to be because the speed of light is absolute and the distance is the same. Well, it happened at the same time. Now on the outside someone sees these two pass by with the light bulb in the middle. Now the light bulb turns on and the light travels at constant speed. And in a thousand kilometers a second while traveling. But while traveling the train moves. So this means this one end moves away and this end approaches the speed of still the same. But the distance from the back observer and the distance from the front observer increases. So the one in the back notes the impulse earlier than the one in the front. So, and that's how we can like not have something like simultaneity because simultaneous events are relative and it's like art. And it depends on the eye of the observer. If someone speaks of simultaneity then he will be able to be able to simultaneity dann he has to to also say which system of reference he is in. So, this leads us to the question how is it with the energy with the momentum. So I make a little thought experiment because we still have the general relativity in front of us. We have to pull balls and imagine the train passing by here on the stage and here are two balls that are orthogonal approaching each other orthogonally to the train and if they collide they will move in the direction of the train and in the other direction of the train. So so und die knallen jetzt also aufeinander so we have the velocities chosen of these balls so that one of those has the same speed as the train and the other one has goes in the exact opposite direction so it's a double speed in the other direction from point of view of the train. So what is the person on the main station collision and going opposite directions with the same speed so the same momentum was the person in the train see this person see flying one of these balls exactly on the same height of them relative speed 0 there is nothing to happen the other one is flying with a double speed so the same speed as the train in the direction but now we know something is relative so from the point of view from the person in the train the ball for the ball the time is changed and then it gets tricky because this means it also has a different momentum of them again something relative so also the energy of the system so also this energy of the ball is depending on the observer relative so something and that's actually the core of the special theory of relativity and there's something else I have to tell you this change of momentum so also of the mass depending on the velocity that's the second very important element of this theory so if something is accelerated that's a new word that's for our total beginners acceleration means something gets faster that's also relative to something so if I'm accelerating something I automatically change its mass so from the thing I'm accelerating so the mass increases also so if I'm accelerating something more and more so I need more and more energy to accelerate it more and more so this is escalating quickly at the speed of light so if i have 99,99% of the speed of light is moving so i want to accelerate it even Das ist für Mars und die Leute haben mich schon lange vor Einsteinen gewohnt. Die Äquation E equals MC squared war nicht basierend. Es hat einfach nur die Äquation fertig gemacht. Diese erste Partifikation, die anderen Scientisten haben auch schon gearbeitet. Und sie haben das als Beispiel benutzt. Sie wissen schon, dass die elektrische Energie proportional zu einem Wirt von Mars ist. Es war nicht ein komplett neues Konzept, das von einer Gemeinschaft war. Es war eigentlich eine Kollaboration von vielen Scientisten. Einstein war brillant, um alles zusammenzulegen. Einstein war brillant, auf den Punkt zu bringen und anzuwenden. Und dann auch zu beweisen, dass es nicht nur für Spezialfälle so ist, sondern auch für Spezialfälle so ist. Das heißt, um was immer weiter zu beschleunigen, um etwas mehr zu accelerieren, ich brauche mehr Energie. Ich möchte euch ein Bild ins Hirn zaubern. Und jetzt möchte ich euch etwas zeigen, was die Zeit mit spezielles Anderes wie Raum gar nicht ist. Es ist nicht etwas wirklich Speziales, aber es ist ziemlich ähnlich zu dem Raum. Einstein ist etwas wirklich neu für Einstein. Wenn ich mich abreden will, dann kann ich mich nicht über die Info kommen, sondern ich muss auch sagen, wann. Ich kann nicht, wie wir uns so raum verfehlen, wenn der Ort nicht klar ist. Also, um das zu beweisen, muss ich auch etwas speziales sagen. Also, die Zeit ist nicht etwas wirklich Speziales. Also, die Physik kann nicht sagen, was Speziales ist, um Zeit zu haben. Einstein hat eine Tatsache gemacht, und in der Realität, die wir uns in der Schule lernen, wir beweisen die ganze Zeit. Wir sammeln hier in dieser vierten Dimension... through, as I mentioned, wherever it moves, and where it points, we move with velocity of light. So, we don't gratally... in irgendeiner Richtung... we don't really see something of space if it is one. und durch diese Dimension mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit bewegen, sobald ich mich jetzt ein bisschen in eine andere Direktion bewege, als lange, wenn wir beginnen, in eine andere Direktion zu gehen, in eine andere Dimension, mit genauer Differenz, also ist die, so die Velosität durch die Spasszeit ist immer das same. In der Realität, wir immer mit der Velosität der Spiege, mit der Velosität der Licht zu gehen, aber sobald wir stehen, bewegen wir durch die Zeit, und nur wenn wir rennen, rotieren wir die Verteidigung von der Direktion der Zeit, in eine andere Direktion, in eine Direktion der Spass, also wenn ich die Verteidigung von der Direktion der Spassmotion, bei 90°, ich muss viel Energie benutzen. So eine generelle Alternative, wenn sie beschleunigt werden, das haben wir vorhin schon gesehen, alles verändert extrem, wenn wir alles exzellert. Wenn zwei Objekte gleichzeitig in die Opposite gehen, ich sehe, dass die anderen Objekte, in den anderen Objekten der Zeit, bewegt sich schneller. Ein Objekt dreht sich und fliegt zu den anderen Objekten, und dann exzellert sie, so dass sie die same Velosität haben. Für diese Objekte, diese Zeit ist es wirklich schneller, denn diese Objekte, die exzellert sind, die anderen Objekte nicht. Die Objekte, die sich drehen, kann nicht, dass sie nicht exzellert sind, weil die Exzellertität measurebar ist. Also wenn ich einen Rocker oder einen Crore fahre, ich fühle die Exzellertität. Diese Exzellertität verändert die Velosität, und das verändert die Bewegung der Zeit. Die Zeit bewegt den anderen Beobachter, er bewegt sich wirklich schneller. Es bewegt sich auch sehr langsam, in der Reaktion zu den anderen Objekten. Also wenn du exzellert in die andere Reaktion, deine Zeit wird wirklich schneller als in den anderen Objekten. Also Einstein hat gesagt, let's take a bunch of people and put them in the merry-go-round, and people in the merry-go-round will feel the centrifugal force and will be pushed against boundary of it. So the ground exerts the pressure on the person, so it doesn't fly out. So it's the same we feel when we stand on the ground. We are being accelerated by the ground, we are standing on it. So it's not like the gravitational force is the force, but the gravitational force is the force. The ground exerts on me to accelerate me against... So the object which falls is not really accelerating. The free-to-fall object looks like it's accelerating. And you can really show this. You can take a mobile phone and throw it in the air, you catch it and during the free fall you can't really see it from the sensors on the display so that there is an acceleration. So an important last aspect of this point, the acceleration from earth is that the earth accelerates me upwards and not that the earth pulls me down. That's not what's happening. The object which is falling down towards the middle point of the earth does not experience any force. A free-falling object does not say that it experiences any acceleration. But if I stand on the ground, I feel the acceleration. It's the same thing as... If you're moving in a rocket and you don't feel something as long as it's moving at the same velocity you only feel something once the rocket accelerates. And that's the same thing. So you don't feel... you only feel the acceleration by the ground and don't feel the free-fall. So one last important question. Otherwise you can tell us how you can find you. So everyone wants to continue the discussion. So we have one very important question. Very shortly, what means observation? Wow, interesting. Danke. Wir haben bisher hatten wir nur eine einzige Möglichkeit der Beobachtung, und auf die Riesenplay with the LEGO experiment haben wir eine neue Möglichkeit, die measurement of electromagnetic radiation. Wir können nichts anderes tun als die electromagnetic waves, aber jetzt können wir es nicht kraftvoll machen. Und es ist ein Problem. Das ist ein Problem. Wir müssen es nicht kraftvoll machen. Wir können es nicht kraftvoll machen. Aber jetzt können wir, nachdem es gezeigt wurde, dass die Gravitational-Waves-Aktions-Systeme waren, die wir über ein Jahr lang vorbeigegangen haben, eine zweite Möglichkeit haben, wenn wir die Gravitational-Waves-Aktions-Systeme koalitieren können, die zu sehr höhere Objekte koalitieren werden. Diese Gravitational-Waves-Aktions-Systeme können wir auf der Erde measuren, die Gravitational-Waves-Aktions-Systeme zu koalitieren. Also, danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit und nochmal ein Riesensatz! Danke für die Aufmerksamkeit und die Aufmerksamkeit und die Aufmerksamkeit! Danke für die Aufmerksamkeit und die Aufmerksamkeit! Danke für die Aufmerksamkeit und die Aufmerksamkeit!