 Hello and welcome back to another episode of Physics Partner. Today we are going to talk about diodes, a fundamental component in electronics that plays a crucial role in controlling the flow of electricity. So, what exactly is a diode? In simple terms, a diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It has a distinct structure consisting of an anode, a positive terminal and a cathode, a negative terminal that are separated by a junction. Forward bias occurs when a positive terminal of a voltage source is connected to the p-type region and negative terminal to the n-type region of a diode. Allowing current to flow through the diodes, this reduces the barrier potential at the junction, enabling the diode to conduct electricity easily. Conversely, reverse bias happens when the positive terminal is connected to the n-type region and the negative terminal to the p-type region, increasing their barrier potential and preventing current flow. In simple words, a diode behaves as a good conductor in one direction and as an insulator in the reverse direction. Now let's discuss how diodes are manufactured. Arzanic and indium are added to silicon during diode preparation as dopants to create n-type and p-type semiconductor regions. Respectively, Arzanic introduces extra electrons making the material n-type while indium introduces deficiency of electrons creating a p-type region. When combined in a single crystal, these regions form a p-in junction allowing the diode to control the flow of electric current in one direction while blocking it in the other, enabling its function as a semiconductor device. One of the key advantages of using diodes is their efficiency in converting alternating current to direct current, which is vital for a smooth operation of electronic devices. They also provide protection against voltage spikes and prevent reverse current flow that could damage sensitive components. In real life, diodes can be found in a variety of applications such as LED lighting, computer power supplies, solar panels and automative electronics. For example, LED lights use diodes to emit light when electricity passes through them in one direction, making them energy efficient and long lasting. In conclusion, diodes are indispensable components in electronics that play a significant role in regulating current flow and ensuring the proper functioning of electronic devices.