みなさんこんにちは私の名前は佐藤ロスベアグナナです 現在私は言語文化研究化というところの町をしておりますmy expertise is translation studies その学科でですね私はトランスレーションスターディーズという学問を教えておりますat source school of oriental and african studies we offer ma translation and phd in translation studies私の就労しているソワス school of oriental and african studiesという研究大学ではですね 終始レベルの翻訳文学そして博士レベルでのトランスレーションスターディーズのプログラムを提供しておりますwelcome to my class I hope you enjoy 今日はようこそ私のオンラインコースにいらっしゃいましたどうぞ最後まで楽しんでいってください 日本語でのおしゃべりはここまでとなりますfrom here I speak only English let's enjoy please prepare your laptop or mobile phoneso first let's talk about the definition of translation what is translation what is translationI'm asking you hmm okay I think it's not that bad but I think it's a time to look this app in the dictionaryI'm gonna give you three minutes please check it up so now I think you have a clear picture of the definition of translationthis is a typical definition of translation but English one oh I hope you do understand Japanese a bit right if not you can use the dictionaryso next please find out the translation of translation in Japanese I'm gonna give you one minutewe found in Japanese it says honnyaku right honnyaku is a translation word of translation that's the standard translationnow the question is what's the definition of honnyaku in Japanese is it exactly the same as English oneright so let's look this app in a dictionary the definition of Japanese honnyaku if you don't read JapaneseI'm sorry just wait a bit all right this is the definition of honnyaku just in case I translated it into English as welllet's compare those definitions what did you finduh-huh right okay exactly the definition does not match 100% some are overlapped some are notbut then if you have to translate translation into Japanese you have to use the word honnyakuactually this is the entrance of translation studies and this is an actually never ending question when you translatesomething into something do you know mono baker mono offers a taxonomy of equivalence she proposedfive categories such as word level combinations of words and phrases grammatical level and sowhen we think about translating English into Japanese we have to think about cultural difference as wellhow can you can we translate and this cultural context and what about different style of languagesfor example grammatical order is totally differenthuh and as we've seen already even a word level it is very difficult to find aperfect matching I'm gonna use the example from a translating lyricsdo you know this song twinkle twinkle little star how I wonder what you areso first let me look at a standard German translation because sometimes it'sgood to compare with some other european languages um okayso let's look at a translation of english from german right so funkeru funkeruプライナースター is almost the same but アッピーピスとみあそフェームthey change the context how about japanese version japanese standard relics what standardtranslation of this relics isso this is the translation of this japanese relics you can see that the translator has omitted a lotfor example there is no such sentence how I wonder what you are the japanese relics does not have such lineI repeat Takeshika-san has omitted from english relics when she translated this relics into japanesethe original english relics is telling a story it's actually a long long storybut if you read a japanese relics you will see it's a very simple relics anybody canremember if you sing twice three times considering that the original english song is a nursery rhyme omittingsomething is not a problem at all because it can be very simple when we think about japanese nursery rhymethe important thing is that this song is very singable singable relics so when we sing Takeshika-san's translationyou will notice that the syllables fit perfectly to the original relics means melodythe syllables is the most important thing when you translate relicsif you try to do word for word translation from english to japanese then there will be too many syllables so it's very difficult to singit's gonna be like a tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu wow the mountain of the words I can't singright then you have to have less syllables means you have to omit naturallythis is because um the difference between english and japaneseso when we look at the translation of Takeshika-sanwe can see that um she made a singable translation that makes perfect sense becauseit's a song and it has to be singable and she still conveys thisatmosphere of twinkle twinkleliterster okay she's omitted a lot but so what because the content of the story is not the pointfor this song and it has to be singable so we shouldn't supply why she's omitted and how translationsounds beautifully fits into the melody the original melody i think that that was the purpose oftakeshika-san as a translator let me cite Richard Dyer Bennett he says that one the target textmust be singable otherwise any other virtues it has are meaningless two the target text must sound as ifthe music had been fitted to it even though it was actually composed to fit the source textthe lime shimmer of the original poetry must be kept because it gives shape to the phrasesand the four derivatives must be taken with the original meaning meaning when the firstthree requirements cannot otherwise be met well actually when i was young i practiced singingif i translate this lyrics into japanese in a way which is more like aso-called word-for-word translation it's going to be like thiskira kira chisana hoshi anata wa nandeshowell it is still singable i can sing it but for example anata anata is you in japanesebut actually japanese kids don't use anata much and this sounds very adult japanese languageyou can omit such as r or you she he so i think very often actually japanese kids don't sayyou or i considering that the original is a nursery rhyme it is not a big problemto omit a lot when Takeshika-san translated into japanese lyrics because it's a nursery rhyme wow15 minutes is very short i wanted to talk about translation morebut time is over so i hope we'll have another chanceif you are interested in translation studies or translation here is the place to studywe offer a made translation i understand that this is a very difficult time for all of usum everybody is rocked up今本当にあのどこの国の人たちもとても難しい状況にあると思いますそして家に閉じ込まらなければいけないということはいろいろな意味で皆さんの生活に大きな変化を来たしてると思いますso everybody has to stay at home this will massively affect your life your everyday practice our everydaypractice has to be changed let's hang in there and let's hope that soon we can meet face to face日本語にするとなかなか難しいですが頑張っていきましょうというところでしょうか頑張りすぎてもいけないわけですけれどもそしていつかこうビデオを書いてだけではなくてですね皆さんと直接お目にかかってお話できる日が来ればいいなと思っていますplease take care of yourselfどうぞお体に気をつけてhope to see you againbye