 We are talking about ethical leadership and we did a very interesting exercise in the last session and we are going to do another technical exercise today. And the topic of the exercise is leadership examples during COVID-19. Now, ladies and gentlemen, since 2020, you can say January for some countries and March for other countries, we have seen that the world has gone through a complete spasm of change and there has been so much which has changed in the past two years that maybe in the past 50 years things have not changed like that. The advent of COVID which started off from China and then spread its tentacles across the globe basically made life at a standstill and businesses had to totally change how they were doing things. There were so many questions which emerged why is this COVID-19 basically come out as a virus, why did it spread so fast, why could it not be contained, why was life paralyzed, why were businesses closed down, we all know that the new normal has emerged, we saw a new concept of social distancing, we saw how people had to wear masks, we saw how they were lockdowns, complete metropolitan cities, cities with millions and millions of people, they were all confined to their homes, we saw the emergence of ghost cities basically like they were zombie land. But in all of this, we have also seen that there has been great resilience, there has been a great comeback, there have been some wonderful examples of success, so in the failures we see that there is light, we see that in these times of difficulty people got together and basically accomplished the impossible. People reached out to each other basically comforting each other in these times of need where by this global pandemic wreaked havoc and killed many, many millions of people around the world and affected billions of people around the world. So all of these changes ladies and gentlemen definitely have a huge impact on organizations and also on ethical leadership and on leadership decision making. So we will do a very simple exercise today, again just to basically tickle your mind and see that what is it that you see that has changed in these past two years, how it has changed your community, your society and most importantly your place of work or your place of business. Now when we are talking about this, then basically what we see is that research online a current example of religious response to the COVID-19 crisis in Pakistan, we see that how this has changed the whole dynamics and why the noted figure demonstrates ethical leadership and sound judgment and have them trace historical arc for the chosen leaders action. So again what we see is that in all of this chaos, in all of this ambiguity, in all of this confusion and in all of these losses there were still so many corporate leaders who would always stand up to ethical leadership and would take the right decisions and would ensure that there was better employee relationship and the networking between the employees especially in this time of need would ensure that they would be able to collectively overcome these obstacle impediments, constraints and huge challenges which were emerging. And then another thing that we see ladies and gentlemen is that many people emerged as leaders also from different positions because there was a gap because there was an opportunity and many of them then chose to develop their own propositions of leadership and basically exhibit some role modeling leadership action. So that is very very important when we are looking at it, we basically see that pitfalls in policy put forward the shortcomings leaders paid during the time. So the policies of organizations were not conducive to this unpredictable pandemic called COVID and therefore there was great chaos and also a lot of agony had to be faced. I would like all of you to identify those pitfalls in policy from a national context from your organizational context and even from your community context and just study what you do and then have a discussion with some friend around you so that you can further enrich your learning and also have a difference perspective. I would like you to also then in this exercise engage in a comparison of a Pakistani based leader with a leader from another country. So you can pick up any leader for example you could pick up Umar Asad and then you could compare it maybe to the health minister of the UK or maybe of Nigeria or maybe of Malaysia and just see that how these leaders were able to do things differently yet for the benefit of the nation and for the larger good. And similarly in organization I would like you to look at the different decisions taken by your leader during this COVID and someone in a similar industry taking different decisions and having a totally different impact on what was happening. I would like to talk about ladies and gentlemen a COVID-19 response social enterprise called RISC and this is a student-driven social enterprise RISC during COVID provided over 2.2 million meals to the needy through 3000 plus volunteers so that was all phenomenal. It functioned to 23 cities in Pakistan during the pandemic and the queen of England was stored upon them the Commonwealth points of light award 2020 which is definitely a great distinction. So we see that a very small social enterprise basically driven by students found this opportunity to serve those people who have been afflicted by COVID and they therefore then just ballooned into a huge organization functioning from 23 cities having 3000 plus volunteers having a very dynamic and enthusiastic team who wanted to make a positive difference and then they basically came out with university chapters and also with city chapters and social entrepreneurship chapters which all augmented together to basically make a huge positive impact with the society and prove to others that yes despite all of the limitations work can be done it can be accomplished and humanity can serve humanity and that is the very essence of ethical leadership and therefore I would like all of you to go through that content to see the questions that basically emerge to discuss it amongst yourselves and later on you can also ask me the questions and I would try to answer the best of my ability. So again what we see is that COVID-19 had a huge impact on ethical leadership and leadership as a whole and later on through the resilience many individuals and companies were not only able to come back but actually also show and exhibit immense growth due to the potential and due to the different competencies which were emerging through this pandemic of COVID-19 thank you so much.