 Next talk starts about Ericsson RVS series. I think we're a little bit ahead of schedule, which is not a problem I'm sure we will manage to do some more Over budget with some other talks, so RVS 6000 series. What is this? It's a very popular series of Radio base stations RVS is the Ericsson terminology for base stations during the last decade I don't really know when exactly they were introduced and so on. It's not my primary research topic but They they are quite quite current so it's not like 1990s technology, but it's rather I think the earliest references I could find are maybe 10 years old from now So it's basically in the last decade and not two or three decades ago And they are built from various different modules some of them Oh, yeah again type of digital units DU and radio units are you of course Not like my slide erroneously Claims and then if you're all kinds of miscellaneous bits like shelves racks fans fuse boxes Overvoltage protection cables power supply units and so on And from those modules you can build either classic BTS cabinets where the entire radio is in some kind of cabinet Or you can also drive these remote radio units the tower mounted radios from that and you can think a bit of it like Lego for base stations This is basically the different base stations that you can build from from those units or this this particular Building blocks in terms of RVS is so this is a really large one the 6102 6101 is half a 6102 as you can easily see there's a 6201 I'm not sure what exactly is different about that one There's a 6202 which is again just one unit that would go in one of these racks Then you have a 6601 that doesn't have radio Units, but only digital units. So use it with remote radio heads and then you have Remote radio units in different form factors here attached to it and the individual different Configurations that you put together. Yeah, that's why this says think of it as legal and somehow this yeah I need to rescale this so it fits on the slide So basically we have radio units and digital units We built from them digital building blocks and radio building blocks and they combine to so-called radio Configurations and then they are used in rbs types and that allows you to have quite some flexible configurations not only 2g but also 3g and 4g and combined configurations and three sector sector setup six six the setups and all kinds of different with Diversity and without diversity and you can have coherent transmission combination TCC coherent transmitter combined Combination so you can double the RF output power by having two coherent amplifiers. You can go up to 80 watts of GSM if you want Okay, let's look at one of these racks how they look like in the rbs We basically have it's actually really a 19 inch rack and with different shelves in there This is an h you reckon. This is another h you ate ate you Yeah, ate you a unit and you can see it on the left hand side There are radio the digital units, sorry the tool too small digital units here like the LTE and GSM one and this one here is a two Slot wide radio unit, which is the 3g radio unit digital unit Sorry, and then we have the individual radios here is because so you can see there's six radios Which means two radios per sector in a three-sector side plus the digital unit next to it and then this is just power and and the transmission means microwave backhaul or Some optical backhaul or whatever in there and now why am I well, okay? Let's look at the details So this is a very JPEG compression artifact affected picture of one of these blocks in here, so we have these Tomorrow at in Berlin. We already I have some real hardware so you can look at the real hardware This is a 3g digital unit and six radio units next to it Like you would find them in such BTS so in terms of 2g technology and The there's two generations of such modules one is the the Dug 10 and the R U G duck duck and the look how we say in German and the They resemble the earlier RBS 2000 architecture the duck is like an IX you or DX you if you ever heard about the earlier BTS generations and Basically, this means they do the OML trend they terminate all the e1 lines and then you have the Look the radio unit, which is basically the transceiver it includes the the baseband transceiver the The modulation demodulation encoding decoding the up conversion the the power amplifier and so on But it's entire transceivers and the interconnection between those two unit is still a TDM link So a TDM link with More or less e1 style. It's also two megabits in metric I don't think it's really e1 that they're using there But it's not a baseband sample interface, which is only introduced later on But let's look at this this Dug 10 and look 10 the interesting factor is that these two devices the smallest possible configuration You can these days get for about if you're good up for about 300 euros both of them together From a refurbished So basically all of these units they are removed in large quantities in the field inside decommissioning these days And you can go to one of these companies that do site decommissioning in a trade and refurbished and and so on Used equipment and for about 150 euros for the digital unit and 150 euros for the radio unit You can get basically a GSM base station that Can I think physically go up to 60 watts it might be software limited to 20 watt transmit power and is quite capable So that's really why I find this equipment quite interesting because you get what a high end a high MTV F High-quality equipment for very low price the digital unit 10 that the Duke can actually do 12 TRX's So many more TRX's than any of the equipment that we support so far And that we have used traditionally It has no baseband processing inside It's just protocol logic and it has so-called HSIO high-speed IO connectors for the interface to the radio unit and it's for e1 t1 parts to the for the backhaul and It's oh, why is the picture not there? That's quite unfortunate Let me quickly see what's happening there Why is there no Somehow this picture is missing other pictures are there. So we have okay. Somehow the picture is gone I maybe I forgot to check it into kids. Sorry for that. So we have the digital unit and Yeah, and this is this is actually the radio unit. It's it's an RUG not a DOG. It's TSM only have two TRX's in hardware 40 or what per TX if you don't combine in 22 What's per TX if you combine it with the internal hybrid combiner? So quite a lot of RF output power for a macro base station has very nice sensitivity It has received diversity and so on so really really high-end Model the second generation that they came out with this the DOG 20 and that goes with a russ radio unit s No, no Ericsson documentation ever states what s stands for the states multi standard But then why is it not m but s but anyway The second generation models and the difference is basically that all the baseband processing has now moved into the DOG and the interface between the DOG and the RUG the russ in this case is Baseband samples so you have a CPRI or CIPRI link between the digital unit and the radio unit and You just exchange 12-bit IQ samples over CIPRI between those two units and you use SFP a short format pluggable optical transceivers or if the distance is close enough you can also do copper based cables and The links depending on exactly how many transceivers you use on such a device they run with 1.25 or 2.5 gigabits For these baseband links The digital unit again has 12 TRX which you can group up to one to six BTS's you have The baseband processing in there you have the SFP slots and again you have four E1 T1 J1 links on RJ45 Connectors interestingly, it's multiplexed on two RJ45 because there simply was no space in left to add additional connectors on this small form factor So they had basically to put two E1 links on one RJ45 connector The the radio unit that goes with it The the russ is not GSM specific, but it supports any it's GSM WCDMA and LTE and it can carry for RF carriers each of them 20 megahertz instantaneous bandwidth Yeah, yeah, of course and You can either have up to 80 watt Out of one such a unit 20 what you get without additional license keys, but anything beyond 20 watts unit Ericsson license keys or some other method of Convincing it to transmit more So the the russ zero two is a successor of the russ zero one Which then has 40 megahertz instantaneous bandwidth So you can have more space between your GSM carriers or have more bandwidth LTE But we're looking at GSM here in this case and you can again have up to four carriers, but GSM you could actually have eight so with a russ zero two and a Duc 20 you could actually put eight TRX's in you have an eight TRX BTS just out of two of those elements For UMTS you have a DUW I think you can some somehow figure out the G was for GSM the W for WCDMA the digital unit for WCDMA And again you use it with the russ the same radio unit to have 3G carriers But the problem is it only has IUB to an RNC and we don't have any RNC open source Well, nobody has any open source RNC implementation. So it's not very interesting for doing 3G Because somebody would need to implement an RNC and I don't think that's going to happen anymore these days So 3G I find not so interesting for LTE you can have a dual the digital unit LTE plus again a russ radio unit Multi-standard and you can combine those then in different configurations. So this is basically how Ericsson describes for example combined WCDMA and GSM setup So you have the digital unit for 3G you have the digital unit for GSM here and you connect both of them to each of your three radio units and you have three sectors again one radio unit per sector and Then this way you have a three sector Set up for 2G and 3G and if you put a dual here instead of the do you have the same for LTE plus GSM Multi-standard BTS you can also basically do this with more transceivers by Combining them and by then having six radio units instead of four And then you have these nice cross-connects here at the bottom for diversity reception because then you have What is it? How many like how many dp gain do we get from diversity to to? Times diversity. I don't know. Anyway, you have the diversity gain at this point Involved and you can still drive and that's why there's always six Radiolinks interfaces here or CPI interfaces on those digital units So you can have such a setup with all the interconnections now the next step in the evolution is the DUS That's the digital unit multi-standard which basically is a digital unit that has 2G 3G and 4G capability In there, which can actually go to 24 GSM TRX So not only 12 as if 12 TRX was not ridiculous number of TRX is already Or you can run 12 TRX GSM plus LTE at the same time in in the same digital unit I mean, it's the same form factor. It's a rather small device. You can see tomorrow It's basically full of FPGAs and and proprietary ASICS Yeah, and there's a DUS 41 even that can do 48 GSM transceivers out in in in one such small box So if you really want to go for ridiculous capacity GSM macro cells That's what he can do and this is also the first generation of units where they don't have E1 anymore so anything up to the the Duke, Duke 10, Duke 20 still has E1 and the DUS then finally has Ethernet only and I presume they implemented something like the site integration unit internally the SIU is an external component from Ericsson that you can use to encapsulate E1-ABIS links and Transport them over IP so basically they take the lab D frames and encapsulate them over proprietary derivative of L2TP and then this L2TP is sent over IP over Ethernet on the other side And they just move this unit into I think in into the DUS So you don't need to have an external unit anymore the DUS are slightly more expensive So the DUS 31, DUS 41 I think you pay about 600 euros for them But then still I think it's ridiculously low money for something that can do GSM UMTS and LTE at the same time So still something interesting to look at so how does the Ericsson support look like in Osmo-com? We have a history of RBS 2000 support. That's the earlier generation of 2G base stations from Ericsson. We have what's called an OM 2000 implementation. That's their organization and maintenance link And of course Osmo-BSC inherits that what we had in NITB, but it breaks voice as we just discussed The media gateway doesn't have E1 support yet We have already introduced I think about 1.5 years ago a PCU socket in the BSC because in the Ericsson architecture The PCU is not at the BTS, but it's at the BSC So that's also already supported in the BSC and Yeah, so once we have the E1 interface again at the media gateway, I think We should be very well prepared to making those RBX 6000 components to work in the Osmo-com stack and the only thing that's really missing now is An inexpensive E1 adapter and preferably one that doesn't require PCI or PCI-E Because there's exactly zero devices out there on the market that do something like USB to E1 and are supported by either Dadi or MISDN So you can find some very expensive USB E1 interfaces that people use for protocol tracing when they're in the field and dealing with legacy TDM But then those come with a proprietary Windows protocol analyzer software And of course they're not supported by any kind of Linux drivers or so and again they're expensive So if you if you pay only 300 euros for your entire GSM base station You don't want to pay 400 euros for the E1 card and that's sort of disproportionate and That brings us to The idea for a software defined E1 interface, which is in the next talk But before we go there do we have questions about the Ericsson support? Yeah, Keith I think has a question. Not sure where the microphone went. It's over there Yeah, so I know we discussed this before a little bit in the office, but the the digital unit The one that does 4g that's also Available cheaply Not as cheaply. I mean the one that doesn't do LTE is 150 euros and the other one costs like four times the amount So it's so I think and not in that quantity you see them, but not in the quantity so if I go to one of the refurbished Retailers right now the the 2g stuff I can buy 200 units or so they have them in stock and for the 4g Of course the probability of those being phased out is not so high yet as the the 2g elements And what kind of a state are we in and actually being able to use that at some point in the future? Which the 4g the LTE Hardware well, that's something we can discuss with Sukhshan and next if you see maybe But and Dita also did some Experiments some years ago you you as well Kevin as well. Okay, so Kevin and Dita I cannot say anything. I don't have personal experience with LTE Ericsson equipment But I have a feeling that with next if you see we're probably not so far away from being used being able to use the Ericsson LTE modules Okay, any other Ericsson Questions as I said we I have some equipment. It's already at in Berlin so tomorrow you can have a look at it if you want I think I also have some pictures somewhere of the PCBs inside To dig them out, okay good then that concludes this talk