 25th August 2021. Welcome to in-the-news analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. The list of topics is displayed on the screen. We have a wonderful collection of topics. First, we'll discuss past problems question. Today, we have four past problems question. After discussing those questions, we'll start with article discussion. We have four editorials and one topic regarding urban employment scheme. Now, let us begin our discussion. First, let us solve some past problems question. Now, take a look at this question. This question was asked in 2016. In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of air quality index? One, carbon dioxide. Two, carbon monoxide. Three, nitrogen dioxide. Four, sulfur dioxide. Five, methane. Select the correct answer using the code given below. A, one, two, and three only. B, two, three, and four only. C, one, four, and five only. D, one, two, three, four, and five. See, air quality index is the index which measures the air quality by measuring eight pollutants. Particulate matter, PM10. Particulate matter, PM2.5. Nitrogen dioxide. Sulfur dioxide. Carbon monoxide. Ozone. Ammonia and lit. Eight pollutants. Based on measuring the pollutant levels, it categorizes air quality into six categories. They are good, satisfactory, moderately polluted, poor, very poor, and severe. This index was created by Central Pollution Control Board in consultation with IIT Kanpur. So, these are the important points regarding National Air Quality Index. Now, coming back to the question. See, this question is a beautiful example for elimination method. Air Quality Index does not measure carbon dioxide. It is an exception. One is given as carbon dioxide. So, we can eliminate first statement. If we eliminate first statement, we can eliminate option A, option C, and option D. All these options contain statement one, carbon dioxide. So, the final remaining option is B, two, three, and four only. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. So, the question may seem tough, but when we apply elimination technique, the option becomes easier. I hope aspirants can follow. Now, moving on to the next question. The Parliament of India acquires the power to legislate on any item in the state list in the national interest. If a resolution to that effect is passed by the option A, loksabha by a simple majority of its total membership, option B, loksabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its total membership, option C. Rajasabha by a simple majority of its total membership, option D. Rajasabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its members present and voting. So, these are the given options. See, the correct answer is option D. Rajasabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its members present and voting, that is special majority. So, if Rajasabha approves a resolution with special majority and declares that the subject is of national interest, the Parliament can make law on the particular subject in the state list. This question is directly asked from Lakshmikanth. So, aspirants should seek maximum opportunity from these questions. These kind of questions are gift. So, make sure you nail these questions. Okay, the correct answer is option D. Now, moving on to the next question. India's ranking in the ease of doing business index is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following has declared that ranking? Option A, OECD, that is organization for economic cooperation and development. Option B, World Economic Forum. Option C, World Bank. Option D, WTO, that is World Trade Organization. The correct answer is option C. World Bank declares the ease of doing business index. See, we can eliminate easily option A and option D. The confusion will be mostly between option C and option B. This is because World Economic Forum publishes various reports and indices. So, we'll have confusion between option B and option C. In this case, the answer is option C, World Bank. See, when it comes to reports and indices, I would advise aspirants to make stick-on notes and revise it whenever you can. Only through such revision, we can retain information. The strategy of stick-on notes has worked for many aspirants. So, if you're struggling to memorize these facts, you can make use of it. Now, moving on to the next question. See, there's a reason why I've chosen this question. See, many aspirants believe that UPSC won't ask GK kind of questions. This is the reason why I've chosen this question. The year 2016 was an exception. In 2016, a question was asked from Entertainment Part of News. Now, look at this question. A recent movie titled The Man Who Knew Infinity is based on the biography of A. Ramanujan, B. Chandasekar, C. S. N. Bose, D. C. V. Raman. I believe the films of 2016 was conducted near August. This movie was released in April 2016 in India. So, we can see the relevancy of the question. Now, coming to the answer, the answer is option A, S. Ramanujan. This movie was based on the real life of Srinivasa Ramanujan, a renowned mathematician who pioneered in many mathematical theories. The role of Ramanujan was played by Dev Patel. Dev Patel is the main actor from Dumb Dog Millionaire. Many aspirants would have seen this actor. He played the role of Srinivasa Ramanujan. So, the point is it is better to study the basic GK information from current affairs. For example, the number of medals India has won was the leading winner in 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Those kind of questions just have a basic understanding. Sometimes, they may ask it. And you can get easy marks from these questions. There is no debate, no confusion, no need of conceptual understanding. If you know the fact, you can get the answer. And if you're preparing for other competitive exams, it will be highly beneficial because other competitive exams usually go for factual-based questions. So, these are the four questions we have discussed from past question papers. All these four questions were asked in 2016. Now, let us move on to article discussion. Now, look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding the recent escalation in the Arctic region. See, Arctic region is an important topic from problems as well as main perspective. It constantly repeats in use. So, high priority topic. Now, let us discuss the important points mentioned in this editorial. The syllabus relevant to this article is displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can go through it. First, let us see about Arctic region. As you can see from the map, Arctic region is the northernmost region of the earth. It is centered on the north pole. So, because of this location, Arctic region is characterized by polar conditions of climate. Most of the Arctic region is covered by ice. See, because of this extreme nature, many countries did not show interest in the Arctic region. It is isolated. It has extreme climate. So, many countries left it alone. But recently, there has been a reversal. Now, currently many major powers are showing interest in this region. They are trying to explore it. They are trying to conquer it. See, this is a problem. Why it is a problem? Because Arctic region is environmentally very important. Another thing is, it is also very fragile. According to the World Climate and Security report 2020, the Arctic is warming nearly twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is why Arctic region is extremely fragile. It is melting. In next few decades, Arctic will lose most of its ice. This will increase the sea level. It will affect the entire dynamics of the world climate. So, from these points, we can observe Arctic region is very important from an environment perspective. And it is also very fragile. Now, many countries are showing interest in the Arctic region. So, this interest will further affect the Arctic region. We will start exploring it. We will start conquering it. We will do a lot of construction activities. We will extract minerals from that region. It will cause lot of environmental damage and it will also speeden up the melting of ice in Arctic region. This is the context behind this editorial. See, in order to fully understand about Arctic exploration, we should know the political story behind Arctic region. Now, let us go to Cold War. See, during the Cold War, major powers wanted to control the Arctic region. But at the end of the Cold War, these major powers agreed to leave the Arctic region for example, take Russia. At the end of the Cold War, Soviet Communist Party agreed to promote a zone of peace in the Arctic. But this decision was broken in 2007. In 2007, Russian explorers planted their flag near the North Pole to assert Russian claims in Arctic region. Other nations did not appreciate this move. They found it to be provocative. See, Russia didn't stop with that. Russia also established a northern fleet of its navy near Arctic region. Russia placed its naval fleet near the Barents Sea. See, look at this map. This is a map of Barents Sea. We can see the Barents Sea is between Russia and the northern European countries. So, according to Russia, Barents Sea can be an area through which Europe may threaten the security of Russia. They may use this sea to attack Russia. So, for that reason, Russia has placed navy in this area. This is the official justification given by Russia. So, from these events we can observe, Russia is increasing its interest towards the Arctic region. It has started exploring the North Pole. It has started re-establishing a navy in the Arctic region. And other major powers are not appreciating this move. They are finding it to be provocative. And now, even these countries, the other major powers, want to explore this region. So, this is the recent escalation in Arctic region. See, now we have a question. Why Arctic region is so popular? See, first reason is Arctic region is believed to be rich in resources. According to some estimates, 22% of world's undiscovered oil and gas is present in Arctic region. And also according to some other sources, world's largest deposit of rare earths and precious metals are found in Arctic region. So, because of these reasons, many countries are now showing in the Arctic region. They want to discover oil and gas, and they want to discover rare earths and precious metals. There is also another reason. Trade routes. See, when we take the world, sea traffic is increasing. Another problem is, the major sea roads are being controlled by few countries. So, they are becoming very contentious. For example, take Malacca Strait. Have a look at this map. This is the Strait of Malacca. We can see Strait of Malacca is a small passage. It is one of the busiest trade routes of the world. It is between Malaysia and Indonesia. See, this trade route is becoming very contentious. It is becoming very busy. The traffic is increasing. So, many countries are trying to compete in this trade route. So, China has come with a new idea. See, China is now looking for alternative routes through Arctic Circle. So, if China can access trade routes through Arctic, it can bypass these busiest traffic routes of the world. See, another important point is, routes through Arctic are much shorter. It will take less time. It will consume less energy. So, this is the reason why many countries are now interested in Arctic region. Trade routes. They want to use Arctic region as a short efficient trade route. And China is leading this exploration from the front. So, because of these escalations, now many countries are starting to explore this region. The Russia started it. China is pursuing it. And now many western developed countries are also entering this region. These are the important points stressed in this editorial. See, Arctic region is a valuable part of our environment. It maintains the delicate climatic balance of the world. So, according to this editorial, the major powers of the world should give up their selfish parochial interest. They should protect this region. Instead of exploring and conquering the Arctic region, the major powers of the world should act in synergy to protect the Arctic region. Only by protecting the Arctic region, we can save the planet. We can minimize the impacts of climate change. Otherwise, we will lose our planet. So, these are the important points highlighted in this editorial. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the Arctic region, the political history behind Arctic region. Our Russia is making provocative moves in Arctic region. Where Arctic region is popular? The rich resources in Arctic region. The trade routes of Arctic region. China's pursuit of Arctic region. And finally, we discussed the much needed synergy among the major powers to protect the Arctic region. Very important topic. Hope this discussion is beneficial. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding National Automated Recognition System, NAFRS. See, this discussion will have three segments. Pros of NAFRS, the cons of NAFRS, and the way forward. Now, let us move into the discussion. The syllabus relevant for this discussion is highlighted here for your reference. Interested aspirants can go through it. First, what is NAFRS? National Automated Recognition System. See, NAFRS is an automated facial recognition system. This system helps in automatic identification and verification of a person. Let me explain how this system works. See, you will give a image source to the system. This image will have the face of a person and you will feed it to the system. This system compares the image source with the selected facial feature of the image taken from the existing database. So, it is like a comparison software. You will already have a database in the database. You will have a lot of images. And image to the system. It will compare to the images in the database. I hope aspirants can follow. I think many aspirants would have seen this software in Hollywood Bollywood movies. They will give a picture of the terrorist to the software and it will go through the database and it will provide the name. This is that software. So, we can use this software to identify criminals. We can solve many crimes. We can identify missing children, missing persons. We can identify dead bodies. We can trace missing children and person. So, it has a lot of pros. This software can facilitate investigation of crime. It can help in detection of criminals in a quick and timely manner. So, because of these advantages, a government is planning to implement such a system. This system is called NAFRS, National Automated Facial Recognition System. This system will empower our Indian police with information technology. After implementation, the system will function as a national level search platform. It will use facial recognition technology to identify a person of interest. So, these are the important points regarding NAFRS and the positives, the pros regarding NAFRS. Identification of criminals, identification of missing persons, missing children, identification of dead bodies, tracing of missing children and persons. Now, let us discuss the cons of National Automated Recognition System. What are its negatives? See, according to the author of this editorial, this technology is intrusive. Let me explain how it is intrusive. See, as I already said, the computer algorithm behind this software compass unique facial features. For example, cheek bones, shape of cheekbones, contours of the lips, distance from forehead, distance of the chin. So, all these unique facial features are covered in the database. So, we can see this program is intrusive. In order for a facial recognition software to work, you have to create a database. So, in order to create a database, you should record these features. You should record these unique facial features. The recording of these facial features can be intrusive. So, this is the first negative. Another thing is, facial recognition software works on possibilities. It identifies or verifies a person only in possibilities. For example, it may say a person is 70% probable match, 80% probable match, 60% probable match. It can't give an accurate concrete answer. So, there is still a chance of error and bias in automated facial recognition system. So, it can produce lot of false positives. See, the accuracy of facial recognition software has improved over the years. But still, it has a lot of errors and bias. It still works in possibilities. So, this can produce lot of false positives. See, we can use this software to identify criminals. So, it can recognize another person as a criminal, which can be huge colossal mistake. This can lead to wrongful arrest. There is also another problem. See, the error and bias in facial recognition software can lead to profiling off people. So, these are the major negatives of NAFRS. There is also another problem. See, NAFRS lacks legitimacy. See, NAFRS was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs in 2009. So, it does not come from an act. It does not come from a statutory enactment. So, it lacks legitimacy. Another thing is, it can also be used for a mass scale surveillance by the government. So, this can violate our right to privacy. See, according to KS Putuswamy v. Union of India case, right to privacy is a fundamental right. This judgment was given in 2017. And also, according to this case, the government can place restriction on right to privacy only on reasonable grounds like national integrity, security of the state and public order. These are the exceptions. Also, any breach to right to privacy should pass the three tests given by this case. These three tests are called as three-fold requirements. These three-fold requirements was given in KS Putuswamy case. So, if a government wants to pass an act which breaches right to privacy, then that act should satisfy this three-fold requirement. I hope aspirants can follow. Now, let us see about the three-fold requirement. The first requirement is that any breach of right to privacy requires the existence of law. So, it must be legally backed. This is the first requirement. The breach in right to privacy should be backed by a law. Now, let us move on to the second requirement. The second requirement is that there must exist a need in terms of a legitimate state interest. The state cannot simply interfere in anyone's privacy. There must be a specific reason which affects the state's interest or security. Then only right to privacy can be breached. This is the second requirement given by KS Putuswamy case. Now, moving on to the third requirement. See, the third requirement is that measure adopted must be proportionate. So, for a small cause, the breach to right to privacy must be small. For a large cause, the breach to privacy can be large. This is proportionate. But according to the editorial, NAFRS does not satisfy this three-fold requirement. It is not backed by a law. It does not have a specific reason. There is no specific reason which affects the state's interest or security to create NAFRS and it is also not proportionate. As I already said, NAFRS is highly intrusive so it is not proportionate. So, according to the editorial, NAFRS fails to satisfy the three-fold requirement given by KS Putuswamy case. So, these are the cons of NAFRS. It is absolutely intrusive. It works in possibilities. It has risk of error and bias. It can produce false positives. It can lead to profiling of some groups. It lacks legitimacy. It can lead to mass-scale surveillance program. And finally, it fails to satisfy three-fold requirement of KS Putuswamy case. I hope aspirants can follow. So, now we have a question. What is the way forward? What can be done? See, according to the author, first we should have put a moratorium on the use of recognition technology. We should not implement it. Only after enacting a strong and meaningful data protection law, we should enact facial recognition system. This is the first suggestion given by the author. Moving on to the second suggestion. Statutory backing should be given to NAFRS. Only after the legal backing of NAFRS, it should be deployed. And there should be proper guidelines for its deployment. This is the second suggestion given by the author. Now, moving on to the third suggestion. Privacy laws should be strengthened. Only by strengthening the privacy laws, we can establish checks and balances. It can lead to government taking accountability for its action. This is the final suggestion given by the author. Strengthening of privacy laws. The first point is regarding data protection law. The second point is regarding legal backing of NAFRS. Third point is regarding strengthening of privacy laws. So these are the important points highlighted in this editorial. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about NAFRS, National Automated Facial Recognition System. We discussed about the positives regarding NAFRS. Then we discussed the negatives regarding NAFRS. And finally, we discussed some solutions regarding NAFRS. This is a topic from Prillim's as well as Main's perspective. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, take a look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding caste censors. First, let us understand the context behind this editorial. See, recently, B. R. Chief Minister led a delegation to meet Indian Prime Minister. During this meet, B. R. Chief Minister requested Indian Prime Minister to conduct a caste-based census. This is the context behind this editorial. This request has put the idea of caste censors again in the spotlight. Now, let us discuss the important points discussed in this editorial. The syllabus relevant to this article is displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can go through it. See, we all know that caste system is an unequal institution. It creates inequality. Some caste benefited because of this caste system. Some caste got subordinated because of the same caste system. We all know this information. See, the idea of caste censors was introduced by Britishers. Britishers wanted to divide India and rule them. So, they wanted to reinforce the idea of caste among Indians. If caste becomes a primary identifier, then people will get divided. So, it will be easy for the Britishers to rule. So, in order to give vision to this idea, Britishers introduced caste censors. It was one of the brilliant strategies of Britishers. They officially introduced caste censors in 1860s. This was the first time censors collected information regarding caste. Then it became a regular 10-year-old exercise. This caste censors was carried until 1931. But after independence, we dropped the idea of caste censors. We didn't pursue this idea because we didn't want to divide the society. But currently, the demand for caste censors is on the rise. So, let us discuss the benefits and shortcomings of caste censors. First, what are the benefits of caste censors? See, data is important for ensuring effective governance. Only with data, we can draft important policies. Without data, our policies will be inefficient. So, according to this editorial, caste-based censors can give us proper scientific data. We can draft better efficient policies with the data from these caste censors. This is the first benefit of caste censors, data availability. Now, let us move on to the second benefit. See, recently, there have been several claims. For example, status of Dalits, tribal communities and other backward sections have improved. Many Dalits and tribal people are now participating in government jobs. So, we can see such claims propagated by many political parties, many experts. But we do not have the data to prove these claims. We can't substantiate these claims. So, we need caste-based censors to support such claims. I hope aspirants can follow. Only with scientific data, we can prove the claims. Otherwise, these are just empty statements. So, this is the second benefit. Substantiate several claims. Now, moving on to the third benefit. See, currently, there is no proper estimate for the population of other backward classes. Also, many subgroups within these backward classes are not properly estimated. So, this leads to deprivation of benefits. And we also do not know the exact deprivation level and inequities suffered by these communities. See, the existing reservation for other backward classes is based on the percentage identified by the Mandel Commission. So, based on this Mandel Commission, the existing reservation for OBCs is 52%. But the problem is Mandel Commission came up with this number based on 1931 caste censors. This is because after 1931, we didn't conduct any caste censors. So, there was lack of data. So, only based on this 1931 caste censors data, Mandel Commission came up with the number 52%. So, we can see how outdated this number is. In 1931, the population of India was 270 million. Now, it has crossed 1 billion. So, only a caste-based censors will reveal the real positions of other backward classes. So, these are the benefits highlighted by this editorial. The first benefit is data. Second benefit is substantiate claims. Third benefit is proper estimation of other backward classes. Now, let us discuss about the negatives, the drawbacks. The first drawback is the obvious drawback. Caste-based censors will make caste as a fundamental marker of identity. So, it will reinforce the idea of caste system. It will create division. Similar to British rule, it will divide society. So, this is the first negative. Caste-based censors will make caste as an identity of an individual. Now, moving on to the second drawback. Second drawback, we can infer from the first drawback. It will create social drifts. If caste becomes a primary identity, it will divide society. It will widen the social drifts. Now, moving on to the third negative. Caste-based censors will encourage parties and politics. If caste-based censors is conducted, then a particular caste will support a particular party. They won't vote the party based on meritocracy. They will vote for the party because of the caste system. It will encourage parties and politics. So, what will happen? The party will also do anything to retain the vote bank. It will again promote the ideology of caste. Let me explain this with an example. For example, take the current ruling government. This is a hypothetical situation. So, approach this example without any personal motivation. So, take the current ruling government. Suppose if current ruling government supports the idea of caste-based censors, then many people from other backward classes will vote for the current ruling government. This is because caste-based censors will majorly benefit the other backward classes. So, instead of voting for a party based on their welfare schemes, policies and meritocracy, people will vote for the party based on the caste politics. It will encourage parties and politics. So, according to this editorial, this is one of the major drawbacks of caste-based censors. It will encourage parties and politics. So, these are the major drawbacks highlighted by this editorial. Caste will become a fundamental marker of identity. It will widen social rifts. It will encourage parties and politics. So, with this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about caste-based censors, the origin of caste-based censors, the pros and cons of caste-based censors. Very important topic. Hope this discussion is beneficial to the aspirants. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, look at this article. This article is regarding a scheme launched by the Tamil Nadu government. See, the Tamil Nadu government in response to urban unemployment has launched an employment scheme on a pilot basis. This scheme is similar to Enrega. See, Enrega stands for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Enrega is an employment scheme for rural areas. Similar to this scheme, Tamil Nadu government has launched an urban employment scheme. This is the context behind this article. First, let us understand the urban unemployment situation in India. Now, look at this survey. This survey was conducted by CMI. CMI is a private agency, and it has conducted a survey regarding job loss in urban India. Now, look at this period, between January-March 2020 and January-March 2021. We can see a dramatic increase in unemployment rate. According to this survey, in this period, nearly 20 million urban jobs were lost. This was due to COVID-induced lockdowns. Also, according to this report, urban unemployment in India was around 18% at the end of May 30. So, we can observe that due to COVID-induced lockdowns, the urban unemployment rate has drastically increased. It has led to loss of millions of jobs. Tamil Nadu is no exception to this trend. See, Tamil Nadu urban population is 53%. This is much higher than national average. So, you can understand that the number of urban unemployed will be higher in Tamil Nadu. This is why Tamil Nadu government has launched this scheme. See, this scheme is not something new. This scheme was already recommended by Standing Committee on Labour in the Parliament. This committee submitted a report on August 3, 2020. According to the report, there is an imperative need for putting in place an Employment Guarantee Program for the urban workforce similar to Enrega. This is the official statement given by this committee. So, to put it in simple words, this committee is recommending for an Urban Employment Guarantee Program. The name of the committee is Standing Committee on Labour. So, what did Tamil Nadu do? See, Tamil Nadu constituted a committee headed by former RBI Governor, C. Rangarajan. This committee was constituted to assess the state's economy. After assessing the economy, this committee has recommended a Urban Employment Scheme. This scheme will be similar to Enrega. I hope aspirants can follow. Tamil Nadu government will implement this Urban Employment Scheme at a cost of 100 crores to improve the livelihood of urban poor. It will provide employment to the unemployed urban poor people. They will be engaged in creating public assets. For example, parks, play fields, drains, roads, buildings, water bodies. These people will be employed to create and maintain such public assets. So, it has dual benefits. The urban unemployed will get employed and Tamil Nadu will expand its state's infrastructure. Win-win situation. This is why this scheme is very important. It will reduce urban poverty. It will improve the livelihood of the urban people and it will also supply human resources to the government which will help in expanding the urban infrastructure. So, you can use this scheme as a value addition in your main Sansa. And there are high chances that this scheme will be replicated by other states. And if things work out well, this scheme can be implemented at national level also because many good schemes were started at state level and they were absorbed into the national level. So, don't ignore this scheme because it is state specific. You can use this scheme as a value addition in your main Sansa. And there are high chances this scheme can take precedence in national level also. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about Tamil Nadu Urban Employment Scheme. We saw about the urban unemployment situation in India as surveyed by the private agency CMII. Next, we saw about the reports submitted by Standing Committee on Labour. Then, we discussed about a committee formed by Tamil Nadu which was headed by former RBG in India. Finally, we discussed about the features of the scheme. We conclude the discussion with the advantages of the scheme. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding Olympic winners. See, we all know that Olympic winners are given many monetary awards by various state governments and sports bodies. Apart from this, these Olympic winners are also offered government jobs and promotions. The editorial is written in this context. It is playing devil's advocate. According to this article, the sports winners should not be offered government jobs and promotions. I know this is a controversial topic. But anyways, let us discuss the important points discussed in this editorial. Let us keep an open mind and we will see some of the important points. Finally, we will take a stand. Okay? Now, coming back to the article. One silver medal in Tokyo Olympics 2020. Before Tokyo Olympics 2020, she was working in railways. But now she is appointed as additional superintendent of police. According to the article, this is a problem. Such appointments and promotion may cause a bad impact not only on the organization, but also on the sports person. See, these athletes, they do not have the professional requirements they do not have the training, they do not have the exposure, they do not have the experience. So, they are a misfit. So, this appointment and promotion can arm the functioning of the entire organization. This is what the article is trying to convey. This editorial is a promotion for meritocracy. According to this editorial, only channel of entry to government jobs should be competitive examinations. Government services should be allocated only on meritocracy. Otherwise, it will arm the functioning of entire organization. See, the article does not end there. It also mentions some alternative for this problem. The article suggests the Olympic winners to venture into business. Such venture will employ more sports person. It will also develop their respective sports. They can also set up academies to train sports person in the field of specialization and promote their sport. The sports ministry and sports authority of India could recruit them and utilize their experience not only at the center level but also at the state level. So, according to this article, there are many alternatives. Hence, instead of giving them government jobs and promotion, they can be made into a good coach. They can be appointed to universities, colleges and schools which can utilize their services better. They will act in their field of specialization. They will promote their sport. By appointing them in government jobs, it only affects the functioning of the organization. They lack the expertise, they lack the training, they lack the experience. So, it is a no-win situation. Again, I know this is a controversial topic. We are just trying to convey the important points mentioned in this editorial. Based on these points, aspirants can make their stand. You can be against it. You can be supporting it. But the thing is, you have to make arguments for your points. You have to give value addition. You have to give factually correct answer. Then only your stand will get credibility. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Main practice questions are displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can post the answer in the comment section below. If you like this video, click like, post a comment and subscribe to Shankar IS Academy channel. All the best. Thank you.