 I am Dr. Sanjay Sarsamkar, working as an assistant professor in the Department of Humanities and Sciences, Walchand Institute of Technology, Sallapur. With our today's session, we are going to solve some numericals based on fuel. So, at the end of this session, students will be able to calculate the high calfic value and low calfic value of fuel by bomb calorimeter experiment. So, content it is introduction, definition of calfic value, high that is hcv and low that is lcv calfic values of the fuel, formula to be used for calculation of hcv and lcv by bomb calorimeter experiment. Introduction. Fuel is a substance when burnt produces heat energy. This heat energy is used for cooking, for heaters, for vehicles, for many industrial purposes etc. Examples, wood, coal, kerosene, gasoline, diesel, methanol, propane etc. So, this is reaction which gives us an idea regarding the combustion of fuel. So, fuel when combines with oxygen, it produces products plus heat is given out. So, fuel is containing more heat energy whereas, products are having a very less heat energy. So, heat is produced and this heat in energies becomes used for various types of operations. Fuel is combustible substance containing carbon as a main constituent which on proper burning gives large amount of heat which can be used economically for domestic and industrial purposes. Calfic value. So, calfic value of fuel is a total quantity of heat liberated when a unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely. Here our gross calfic value also known as hcv or gcv in short, it is a total amount of heat produced when unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion are cooled to room temperature. Low or net calfic value that is lcv or ncv, it is a net heat produced when a unit mass of fuel or volume of fuel is burnt completely and the products are permitted to escape. So, calculation of hcv and lcv of solid and non-volatile liquid fuels, it is achieved by bomb calorimeter experiment. So, formula to be used to calculate hcv, it is q that is hcv is equal to capital W plus small w into T2 minus T1 plus Tc minus Ta plus Tf upon m. Well, this capital W is weight of water used in process, small w is water equivalence of calorimeter etcetera, T2 is final temperature, T1 is initial temperature that is change in temperature is denoted with T2 minus T1. Tc is cooling temperature Ta is acid correction value and Tf is fuse wire correction value. So, Ta acid correction fuel containing sulfur and nitrogen are oxidized under high pressure and temperature of ignition to sulfuric acid and nitric acid respectively. Tf fuse wire correction, the heat liberated include the heat given out by ignition of the fuse wire used. Tc cooling correction time taken to cool water to calorimeter from maximum temperature to room temperature is noted. From the rate of cooling the actual time taken for cooling, the cooling correction is added to the rise in temperature. So calculation of hcv or lcv is done that is ncv or hcv is equal to gcv minus 0.09 into a percentage of hydrogen into 5 to 7. So pause the video and answer this question. Dash dash is the net heat produced when unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products are allowed to escape. Then A, high calcific value, B gross calcific value, C low calcific value and D both A and B. Well, the answer is C that is low calcific value. Let us solve some numericals. First, following observations were made by bomb calorimeter experiment, weight of fuel it is 1.5 gram, water equivalent of calorimeter that is small w is 700 grams, water taken in calorimeter that is capital W it is 1300 grams, rise in temperature that is 3 to minus 3.1 is 3.15 degree Celsius, fuse wire correction 10 calories, cooling correction 0.05 degree Celsius, acid correction 50 calories, percentage of hydrogen is 5 and latent heat of steam is 5 to 7 calories per gram where to calculate hcv and lcv of the fuel at stp. So by putting these values in given equation that is hcv is equal to capital W plus small w into T2 minus T1 plus Tc minus Ta plus Tf divided by m it gives us the answer that is hcv is equal to 1300 plus 700 into 3.15 plus 0.05 minus 50 plus 10 divided by 1.5. So the hcv is equal to 2000 into 3.20 minus 60 divided by 1.5 the final answer that is hcv is 4226.66 calories per gram. To calculate lcv or ncv that you use this that is jcv value. So by putting in the given formula that is 4226.66 minus 0.09 the percentage of hydrogen is given that is 5 into 587. So the final answer that is ncv is equal to 3962.51 calories per gram second numerical again the weight of fuel it is given 1.2 grams latent heat of steam is 580 calories per gram water equivalent of calorimeter is 400 grams water taken in calorimeter that is capital W is 1200 grams rise in temperature 2.9 degree Celsius, fuse wire correction 8 calories, cooling correction 0.02 2 degree Celsius, acid correction 25 calories percentage of hydrogen 6. Calculate hcv and lcv of the given fuel sample at STP. Then by putting the values in given equation that is hcv is equal to 1200 plus 400 into 2.29 plus 0.022 minus 25 plus 8 divided by 1.2 the final answer for this is 3055.16 calories per gram lcv. So we can calculate lcv by putting the value of gcv in this equation 3055.16 minus 0.09 into percentage of hydrogen that is 6 into 580. So the answer that is lcv is equal to 2741.96 calories per gram. Next numerical following observations were made by warm calorimeter weight of fuel given is 1.8 grams, latent heat of steam is 5 calories per grams, water equivalent of calorimeter is 650 grams, water taken in calorimeter is 1500 grams, rise in temperature is 3.50 degree Celsius, fuse wire correction is 10 calories, cooling correction is 0.033 degree Celsius, acid correction 29 calories percentage of hydrogen is given that is 5. Then we have to calculate hcv and lcv. So again by putting the values of capital W small w etcetera in the given equation hcv is equal to 1500 plus 650 into 3.50 plus 0.033 minus 29 plus 10 divided by 1.8 it gives us the hcv that is 4198.30 calories per grams. To calculate lcv again we have to take a hcv value that is 4198.30 minus 0.09 into percentage of hydrogen that is 5 percent into 580. So the answer lcv is 3937.30 calories per grams. This for this session I have used a textbook of engineering chemistry by Jain and Jain. Thank you.