 ��  anthrop Is a biotec factor, ƒ' mщer ƒ' mщer ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher ƒ' msher is the amount of diffused water that is present in air in the form of water vapors that may be present in soil నికినికిచాసింోаждందిరార్ల్. So students, if we talk about moisture, one thing is water, one thing is water, water is aquatic life. The water in terrestrial environment is usually the water that is in the form of vapors. Or less diluted form, diffused form is present in the soil, in which the soil is in the form of moisture or wet form. So moisture typically is water vapors that are present in the air. Or that water is a very limited amount that is mixed up with the soil. And it is provided with a little bit of salt or moisture. Or it may be present at the surfaces. Different surfaces such as plants, logs or other things, stones or rocks. If we look at it, we will see that the layers of water that will be called as the moisture. So normally the amount of moisture or amount of water vapors present in the air is also called as the humidity. So typically the moisture that is present in the air is also called as the humidity. So in the ecosystem, the amount of moisture is very important for the animals. In the ecosystem of animals, the amount of moisture is very important because if there is more moisture in the environment, there will be less water loss from the body of animal. If there is more moisture in the environment, then the water loss of the animals will be less. Similarly if the moisture is present in the reduced amount of the environment, then in this case the water loss of the animals will increase. So more moisture means less water loss from the animal body. And less moisture means more water loss from the bodies of animals. So it means the moisture is directly related to the animals. So if we look at what are the different methods by which the animals gain their water from the environment. If animals can gain their water from the environment, then normally the animals gain water from the environment along with the food. The food we take mostly from the food contents which are enriched with water. Some of the food contents in which more than 90% of the water is present. So it means what we eat, it also has the water along with it. The second thing is the drinking. The second source for water intake is the drinking. Because what we drink is directly water intake. Third source of water in animals is the metabolic water. Because whenever the bodies are in the bodies of animals, there are many animals when they eat different types of food materials. When the food materials are oxidized in the body, then the water becomes a by-product. There are many animals who survive throughout life on this by-product or metabolic water. In desert animals, there are very small desert animals who survive. So what are the laws of water from the animal bodies? The water loss of the animal's bodies, there are different methods through which the water is being lost. Number one is the urination. To release the nitrogen waste from the body, the urine carries a large amount of water. Normally for 1 gram of urea, the urea we release from the body, it requires about 50 ml of water. So 50 ml of water is released. Second is the feces. The defecation of our digested waste, which we eat, which is released from the body, that also carries a sufficient amount of water along with it. So this is the second law of water. The third one is the water loss during the gaseous exchange. Normally when we exhale, during the exhaling, the air coming out, the air coming out of our breath, the water content is maximum, the saturated amount of water is present with the water vapors. So this is another major law of the water from the animal bodies. And the last one is the evaporative cooling. When there is a perspiration or the water evaporates from the skin, the water loss will be there. So these are the major water loss in the animals. So now the question arises that when animals are living in a terrestrial environment. In terrestrial environments, when there are animals, they have to save their water. Especially there are many animals like insects, birds, which have a reduced amount of water supply. In terrestrial animals, they have a reduced amount of water supply. So if the water loss is more than their body, they will not be able to survive. In such cases, the animals have certain measures. In animals, nature has some adaptations through which they can save their water. They can conserve their water in their body. Number one is the fecal material. Usually, if the reduced amount of water supply is present, then the fecal material will be dry. So the water loss will be reduced through the feces. The second one is the concentrated urine. The urine is concentrated. For example, if we look at normal humans, our urine is about 8 times more concentrated. But there are desert animals in which the urine is up to 40 times concentrated. That means, there is a possibility of reabsorbing the water in them. So if the urine is concentrated, then the water loss will be reduced. Then some animals also have adaptations that they can change the nature of nitrogen waste. For example, if the insects have a reduced amount of water supply, then instead of urea in them, uric acid is present as an excretory product. Because the amount of water for uric acid is very low for their excretion. So in the face of uric acid paste, the dry form can be released. The other adaptations are the behavioral adaptations. Animals can conserve their water in their body to change their behavior. Change their behavior means that they become nocturnal. At night time, because the humidity is high, the temperature is reduced and the water loss is low, then they become nocturnal. The nocturnal means that they are active at night time. Some animals have ability to store large amount of water in their body. For example, a camel has the ability to store large amount of water in its body. So the water regulation in aquatic animals. In aquatic animals, there are two types of aquatic animals. They are the freshwater animals and the marine animals. In freshwater animals, there is no water loss issue. Because there is a lot of water in freshwater animals. There is already water available. So they are conserving the salts. While in their case, marine animals. Since marine animals live in a hypertonic environment, they have strategies to save their water. For example, they will drink a lot of water. They will drink a lot of water. And they have the ability to secrete the salts. So they can remove the salts from the body. So these are different methods by which animals have the ability to maintain the water level in their body.