 The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TSHIB in a pediatric cohort with AITD and healthy controls, using cell-based bioassays to measure TSHR stimulating, TSI, and blocking, TBI, immunoglobulins. The results showed that children with GD were positive for TSI while those with HT had increased TSI levels in the presence of eye disease. TBI was negative in all tested samples of children with GD, but positive in one HT sample. Overall, the study suggests that TSI is prevalent in children with GD and AITD with orbitopathy, while TBI may be a useful diagnostic tool for differentiating between GD and other autoimmune diseases. This article was authored by Carolina Stosek, Otto Basowski, Katazena Ziora, and others.