 This is Dr. Sanjay Sanyal from his department chair. This is a supine cadaver. We are doing the dissection of the face I'm standing on the right side and the camera person is also on the right side So just to bring up to speed first Let's identify all the structures on the right side of the face that we have dissected out now Let's start from here. This is the parotid gland The next structure. This is the masseter muscle This is a necessary parotid gland This is buckle pad of fat These are the various muscles of the face that we have dissected out. This is the pletis far muscle and These are the two facial vessels So have you mentioned that now let's focus on the facial vessels. Let's start with the facial vein So we'll start from the medial canthus of the right eye. This is the beginning of the angular vein The angular vein is formed by the union of the supra orbital and the supra trochlear vein And it forms at the medial canthus That's why it's called the angular vein and as it descends down it receives communication from the superior palpibril vein Inferior palpibril vein which are not visible because they're very small Additionally, it also receives communication from superior of thalmic and inferior of thalmic veins which go inside the orbit Then as it continues down at the lower border of the orbit It becomes known as the facial vein and we can see the continuation of the facial vein here It descends down obliquely and this is the course of the facial vein right up to here So to see the whole thing in totality, we can see it from here This portion was thrombose that's why it broke and this is the continuation of the facial vein as it descends down It receives a branch from the nose and that is known as the external nasal vein Which is rather small then it receives a communication from the superior lip that is called the superior labial vein It receives a vein from the inferior lip that is known as the inferior labial vein Here we can see a very important communication and for that I'm going to go into the depths of buccal region And we can see a communication going inside. If you look very closely, you'll see this communication This is the deep facial vein which I have picked up and I will tell you the significance of this communication just now and Then it further continues down. It receives a submental vein communication. Here we can see the submental vein It is receiving a submental vein and then in the neck unites with the anterior division of the retromandibular vein and Forms a common facial vein which then opens into the internal juggler vein If you know the facial vein is lateral to the facial artery, which I shall mention just now Now let's take a look at some important clinical correlations pertaining to the facial vein itself when it is coming from above As I mentioned it receives a communication from the superior of thalmic vein which communicates with the cavernous sinus, then when it goes below it receives a communication from the inferior of thalmic vein Which communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus, which in turn communicates with the cavernous sinus through emissory veins and As I mentioned here, it receives this communication from the deep facial vein which also goes to the pterygoid venous plexus and which in turn communicates with the cavernous sinus through evolutionary veins. So by virtue of all these communications with the teregoid venous plexus and or the cavernous sinus either directly or indirectly, any infection in this region of the face can spread to the cavernous sinus and can produce cavernous sinus thrombosis. That is a very serious condition because it leads to a syndrome called cavernous sinus syndrome with multiple cranial nerve paralysis. If we draw a triangle from the apex of the nose and we extend it along the nasolabial furrow right up to the angle of the mouth and do the same thing on the other side. This is referred to as the danger triangle of the face. Any infection pimples, boils, furacles, folliculitis in this region should not be squeezed or tampered with because it can potentially lead to infection traveling into the cavernous sinus and produce cavernous sinus thrombosis. Now let's come to the facial artery. So for that let's start from below. This is the facial artery which is situated medial to the facial vein. The facial artery is a third branch from the external carotid artery. As it comes up, it winds under the mandible which we cannot see and then it grooves the sub-mandibular gland which also we cannot see. And if you notice the facial artery is highly tortuous. The reason for this tortuosity is because it is intertwined within the muscles of the face and therefore this tortuosity enables it to compensate for the movements of the facial muscles. As it goes up, it also gives branches which correspond to the vagaries of the vein which I described. This is from the chin and this is sub-mental artery. It gives an inferior labial branch, a superior labial branch, a branch to the nose called the lateral nasal artery and then it continues up and becomes after the margin, lower margin of the orbit it becomes known as angular artery. That's why it has become very small here and we cannot see any further because this is almost a termination of the facial artery. And when it is an angular artery, it also gives a branch to the lower eyelid and the upper eyelid which are respectively referred to as the inferior and the superior palpable artery. Thereafter it peters out. This lateral nasal artery which I mentioned, this gives a septal branch and the septal branch participates in a plexus in the anterior inferior part of the nasal septum which is known as a chisel-back plexus which is responsible for epistaxis or nose bleed. The facial artery when it is running just in front of the mesiter muscle in this location, it crosses the lower border of the mandible where my instrument is located and this is the place where my finger is located now. We can feel the pulsation of the facial artery in a living person. While we are on this topic, I should also mention that apart from supplying the structures on the face, the facial artery also gives some other branches not in the face. It gives a tonsular artery which supplies the palatine tonsil. It gives an ascending palatine artery which supplies the pharynx and it as I mentioned, it also gives a septal branch to the nose. So these are the structures which are supplied by the facial artery and the facial vein. Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. David O is the camera person. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day.