 Hi, welcome to how to identify and chart out your keywords for systematic searching. So you can use this technique in a systematic review, a scoping review, a rapid review, a mad analysis, or any kind of literature review where you would want to use systematic searching. So even an integrative review or a literary review, you could still make use of this type of search technique. But this is how you can identify all the keywords that would give you a broad range of each topic. So keywords are words that you come up with or freely generated that can be grouped into different concepts for a search. Typically this kind of maps out pretty strictly to your PICO question with the population and intervention, a comparison and outcome, or if you use another question framework, those can be kind of plugged in with search concepts. And one of the things with the systematic literature search is that it really depends on using an expansive range of keywords and phrases. So the major challenge is to really think of every way a concept could be referred to in the literature so that we can find every available report on this topic. So how do we find these kinds of keywords? There's a few different ways to do this. One of them is through using PubMed here. Another way is through using a set of what we call reference articles or benchmark articles. And then also using a test search. So doing some test searching to see what kind of resources are out there. We're also going to talk about how do you keep track of your different keywords and searches and terms like that? And then how do you do some testing to see what keywords work best? And then how do you use Boolean operators to make your search work and form relationships between these keywords? So sometimes you have to consider relationships that exist between some of these keywords and how to form those relationships accordingly using Boolean. So for our example here, I'm gonna use this Pico question about does Tai Chi or resistance training work better to reduce incidents of falls in older adults living in community care environments? So this would be like a nursing home or something similar like that. So we use community care environments pretty broadly here to refer to a lot of things. So P is our population, we have older adults and I'm gonna put that in quotation marks because that is a phrase and it needs to be read together in that order. And that's what those quotation marks does and it says older adults. If we just used adult, what that's going to do is that's gonna give us search results for anyone in the adult age range. So that could be a little bit tricky. Similarly, one of the other things that I know about using a search like this is that the term aged can be really complicated here. So thinking about aged means that we can also get search results we can also get search results for school aged or teen aged or middle aged individuals rather than just the aged population. So we have to be a little bit careful when we're putting together a set of synonyms to refer to older adults to get the best kind of terminology. Our intervention here that we're gonna look at is Tai Chi. And again, I'm gonna put that in quotation marks because that's two words that need to be read together in order. We also have resistance training. I'm gonna put that in because it's two words. And then our desired outcome is a fall reduction. And so we'll talk about how do we kind of start looking for these synonyms here. So the first thing I'm gonna do is start with older adults and I'm gonna try to figure out what are the best terms to use for older adults. And one thing that I'm going to use is the PubMed Mesh database. So one thing I can use here is looking for not just what the preferred index term is but also what are some other terminology that that index term matches on? So if I type in older adult it's gonna match me to aged which is their preferred index term. But it will also tell me that it matches on elderly and then we'll have to think a little bit harder. So we also have some more kind of defined people like centenarians, non-generians, octogenarians and then frail elderly. But let's think about this a little bit more broadly because it's just giving us one term here. So we have older adults but we also have elderly. We also have terminology that we can deal with here like senior citizens. And then you can also consider things like aging populations, for example. That's another way to refer to this population as an aging population. So that's one example of how we can start to get some terminology for this older adults area. You may notice that I'm not using aged and that is for the reasons that I listed earlier. For Taichi, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna look at some a set of benchmark articles that I've pulled up here and see what kind of terminology shows up there. So we have Taichi listed. In this one, we have some author keywords and then we have topics listed. So we can look at like balance biometrics, exercise, gate biometrics. But we have an alternate spelling for Taichi which is used as a J. So that's something that's important to consider here is that there might be alternate spellings. So we can consider that here. Yeah, let's see if there's anything else that we can find here. And then there's also names of programs. So we can even use acronyms from programs to see if that shows up in the literature. So this TCMBB is a program that people have developed to prevent falls. So we can talk about TCMBB. Even though Taichi is already gonna be drawing results of that longer thing, but we can take a look at any acronyms that might apply here. And then for our resistance training, one thing that we also wanna think about when we're putting this together is what are some easier ways to refer to this? So we can think about, if we have something like elderly and elders, so we wanna talk about the subset of the population in a certain way. We have some tools that we can pull from in our Boolean that will help us expand on the search. So if we do elder with an asterisk here, what that does is it gives us search results for elders, elders, elderly, et cetera. So that allows me to get rid of this elderly and it allows me to search for multiple things with just one kind of root word there. Same thing with the senior right here. So I actually do tend to keep that as senior citizen. But we can add that star to the end there so that we can get senior citizen or senior citizens. Same thing with older adult, we can get older adulthood, older adults, older adults. So that expands our possibilities there. And that is how you start to develop your keywords here for systematic searching. I am using a plain text editor to start to keep track of things. And this is just the start.