 The research presented here demonstrates the potential of using carboxylic acids as solvents for the efficient conversion of carbohydrates into 5-HMF. Fructose can be converted into 5-HMF with high yields, up to 64% in these solvents, while glucose requires the addition of catalysts to achieve similar results. This article was authored by Nadine Essam, Frank Radable, Rodrigo Lopez de Souza, and others.