 The Boeing 787 Dreamliner was grounded on January 16, 2013 after two incidents involving Lithium-Ion batteries. The National Transportation Safety Board, NTSB, investigation revealed that the cause of these failures could not be determined, leading to concerns about the safety and reliability of Lithium-Ion batteries in aviation applications. This paper examines the challenges associated with Lithium-Ion battery qualification, reliability assessment, and safety, as well as potential solutions such as improved testing methods and control techniques. This article was authored by Michael Pecht, Christopher Hendricks, Wei He, and others.