 Hello, everyone. So it's early Sunday morning. So I guess you're all very interested in these open source tools for water resource management. But just to know who I'm talking to, can you please raise your hand if you are a water resource manager or have a background in water resources? Not too much. OK, I thought so. So I prepared a very short introduction in water resource management, because it's very important that you know the background for some choices that these tools made. So hydrogeology, it's part of water resource management, and it deals with the study for groundwater and groundwater flow and related issues. And as we know it today, it started about 200 years ago, a bit less, with an engineer called Darcy, who came up with the idea that groundwater flows from high to low pressure following a certain constant here, this K in his equation, which is called hydraulic conductivity. And it's a value related to properties of the soil, like porosity and grain size, et cetera. And so OK, he had in his time some monitoring wells where he could examine water pressure to get a grip on water flowing through the subsoil. And in one dimension, of course, this equation is very easy to solve. But groundwater flows in three dimensions. So other people put effort in simulating groundwater flow in three dimensions. For this, there are several options to take. But I think the most well-known package today, ModFlow, discretizes the subsoil in blocks. And then this equation in three dimensions is solved for each block. Solving this equation is not very straightforward. But there are a lot of tips and tricks, et cetera. And there are solvers today available that are also open source. But of course, the most important thing is not that you are able to solve an equation for a numerical model because that's just an approximation of the real world. You have to go back to your data because that's what you're actually working with. And so looking back to this data from Darcy, you have monitoring wells, which is simply x, y coordinates, a z for depth, and a value related to it. And then you have some properties of the subsoil. If you're lucky, you have properties for different layers. And you can put these in your equation. And nowadays, of course, you have a lot more data. You really have plenty of data you have to choose between the data. And normally, I think most people use a GIS system to group all the data and build your conceptual model. Conceptual model is something you think describes the ground water flow for your purpose the best way possible. And then usual practice is that you do that in a GIS. And you take those results and insert them in a graphical user interface that solves this equation. You build a numerical model in a different software. There are some softwares available that can do both. But in my daily practice, we have to switch. And that's what this tool is very nice, is that it integrates both the GIS and the solver. So this is the FreeWATT project. It's a Horizon 2020 project. And its main idea was to provide an open source public domain GIS integrated modeling platform to promote this scientifically approach to participate with all actors from an early stage. So everyone can look at the GIS and tell something about it. Not everyone can look at a numerical model. So if you use this GIS in an integrated way, you can get better interaction with everyone. And of course, also it's open source. So the project leader, one of his ideas is to move money from license to human capital, which I think is very nice. It's developed as a QGIS plugin. They chose QGIS because it already provides a lot of options or other modules that are used in this plugin. For example, you have the Spatialite database, where all the data are stored. And through the Python interface, use is made of this FlowPy library, which is an interface to this ModFlow model of the USGS. And then several tools were developed to work with your GIS data and your ModFlow data. This is a bit of a flowchart of the different modules that were developed in FreeWATT. It's quite a lot. I will be very short because I don't have very much time. But I will show you where you can find more information on the web. So you have one is the Acva GIS. It's something for chemical data storage and data analysis. You have the Observation Analysis Tool, which is more related to time series. And then you, of course, have GIS tools integrated in QGIS. You have the tools related to the ModFlow part. There is also an integration with the Calibration and Sensitivity tool, and of course, some visualization. In the next slides, I will briefly introduce some modules. I didn't prepare a live demo because, yeah, I didn't know I was going to be able to. And I also have not very good experience with live demos, actually. So it's print screens. So I'm sorry for those who were waiting for a live demo. Anyway, you can find it on the web. This is a print screen of this Acva GIS part. So you have the FreeWATT tool. It's in your menu bar here. The first one is Acva GIS, which is composed of several subsets. You have one for database management. Then there are several options for a hydrochemical analysis of your data, and also a hydrogeological analysis of the data. So this is more related to chemical data, and this is more related to your water pressures, et cetera. I will not go into detail how all the data are inserted, and you can manage them. It's all nicely done. I just show you some outputs that you can easily obtain with the data. So for example, you can get a visual representation of your sodium absorption ratio. You can make a piper plot. And then here, this one I even didn't know about, you can get a lot of results. And actually, all these results you can use to look at your hydrochemical properties of your groundwater and discern which groundwater sample differs from another one, to get an idea of how groundwater flows between wells, if it's from a different origin, yes or no. And so these are the simple plots. And this is actually a 2D map, where you visualize the difference on a map, where you get these results here. And this one is enlarged then, where you have differences in sodium, magnesium, here the cations and anions. And that way, you can get on a map view of the differences between groundwater in your domain. So that's for ACFA GIS, already a nice outcome. This is for the observation analysis tool, where you have on the one hand, options to gather data from sensors, insert them also in your database. That's this one. You can then easily export the data from the database to your mod flow model, to use as observed hats. And then in the output, you can get here the observed. I think this one was the simulated, and this one is the observed hats at that monitoring well. So this is also very nice to have a very direct link between your monitoring data and your model output. And of course, you can use QGIS itself to make nice maps, et cetera, of your results. The main part of this three watt tool is, of course, the modeling with mod flow itself. This is the, yeah, you have, so here you can see it a little bit. Maybe you have different options you have to fill in. I guess people who have already worked with mod flow we know that you have to insert a lot of data. And this one is related to the packages that your solver needs. So you can choose to model or to simulate groundwater flow. You can also do solute transport or heat transport. There is also an option for water management. So this is more related to agricultural practices and how water budgets close for your entire system. And of course, also this model calibration at the end. But this, the last one, I will not go into detail. So it uses mod flow 2005. You can select the desired packages here, insert some solver parameters, and the usual mod flow stuff. And then you press run and hopefully it converges. And then you get some results. Here I show one result for pumping wells next to a river where this is the flow parts that are visualized. Where you can even, yeah, I don't think I included that as a slide, but you can also give a color to the different, to the time it took for a particle to reach that well. So you can even increase the visual representation. Then one final thing I wanted to show about the modeling part is this one. So you see here, this is the, actually, it's not included in the other one, but you see here the discretization of the domain, which is, of course, necessary for mod flow. And this is a heat transport model where you inject heat and you extract water here. And this is a lower permeability zone. And so you get the usual, people are familiar with mod flow, this is a usual output you get from mod flow file. So that's all possible here now in QGIS itself. But of course, so where is FreeWatt now? Maybe for the record, I didn't state I was not part of the FreeWatt project. Got included at a later stage as a beta tester. So I'm not, I'm speaking for FreeWatt, but I'm not part of the project. That being said, where is FreeWatt now? So there are a lot of stakeholders involved. I heard more than 500. There is a LinkedIn group. There is some Twitter going on. And this is already from a time ago, but there are more than 3,000 downloads of the software. So now it will be even more. And it's quite diverse. It's of course, it was a European project. So most of the downloads are in Europe, but you see that every continent is a bit represented. So you have a quite diverse user group. And also the purposes for which people indicate they will be using this package. It's mostly research, but there's also training, consulting, and then some other purposes also. But so you have a diverse user group and also a diverse, it's used in various cases. So it's very, it will be very interesting to get to know the use cases of all these persons to even improve the tool later on. And now actually I'm giving this talk, hoping to persuade some people to join FreeWatt, if you're interested. You can download the codes from various places. I will explain later, I think the most interesting one is this one. It's the FreeWatt website, where you have to fill in why you will be using it. It's nice for the people from FreeWatt to know their users, but also for you. If you do it this way, you can get access to the manuals and the tutorials that come to the download also. There are some Google groups for talking about users, application, bug reporting, and also for developers. And of course for developers, if you would like to have direct access to the code, it's hosted on GitLab. So this is the main access to the code itself. And so I encourage everyone to have a look and maybe add some new stuff or make some corrections because it was a project that's a continuation of previous projects. So it carries along some history. And also when it started, development started, it was still QGIS two-point and also it's developed in Python two. Now QGIS is going forward to three. So this tool will also need to be translated to Python three or converted to Python three. And there are also some other issues that could be ameliorated. For example, your computational grids can use some advanced features, something about database interaction, et cetera. I will not go all into detail. And of course docs and unit tests, it's always a bit late to add. And then if you have a look at the code, of course you are very welcome to add IDs you have concerning these tools or of course develop them yourself. So the project, I don't remember if it's already finished or is finishing. But of course we are hoping that it will continue. So we are now actively developing or there is a community present, but we would like to have as much people involved as possible. And therefore this talk was mainly aimed at you guys to join FreeWatt and make its development even progress further and faster in the near future, I hope. And with that, I'd like to thank you for being here this early. And I hope to hear a lot of very interesting questions. Okay, so. Okay, so the question was how large the area is that can how large is the area that you can model and that strongly depends on your discretization. So you can choose the entire world, but the number of blocks you can put in your model is currently limited. That was what I said about this grid architecture. It's rather limited. It comes from a GIS background sort of, I guess. So in commercial packages or others, you can include millions of cells in FreeWatt Not. You can only include a few thousands. So if you want to model the entire world, you will be very limited and you will have a block size of Belgium, for example. If that's okay for you, it's no problem. But that's one of the aspects, I think, that really requires further development. So I hope that answers your question. Okay. Done this in a big loss on July's random walk. And so we had a sign off in the satellite telling us that something was normal. Monterey, we checked, we've seen a pole turning from one day to the other day from blue to black and we made it quite something. But the mother was in this area, so we called them and they told us that, yeah, they had put 100,000 black plastic poles now and that they are going to do it massively in order to be missed from the presentation. And we just don't know how to take on this. Now, this is a huge issue. The second huge issue is for the 7th continent, that massive plastic area in the Pacific which is 3.5 square kilometers. In order to know how deep this was. It's also evolving. We make the analysis of this, it's just so-called nightmare. And only specific structures are mining in the Pacific. Because it's turning really really bad. We've got plastic over water, I'm making it wet. Okay. So in detail with advice, you can put the issue on GitLab issue and then you or someone else who has the same can edit in this one. It's a cool, small edit session. Yeah, yeah, you need it. Okay, about the compiling, that I cannot answer. It's licensed under the GPL version two. And compiling, sorry. Yeah, no indeed, you're right. There are courses being given in this project even. So the tutorials that you find online, they provide material for teachers to use in their courses. And there are courses being given with those tutorials from people of the project, Spain, Italy, I think in the Netherlands also, I'm not sure. But so it's possible, yes, of course. And it's available online. Okay, no further questions. Thank you.