 Hello friends, myself Professor S.P. Mankani, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Swalapur. Today we are going to study thermal power station. At the end of this lecture, students will be able to understand working principle of thermal power station. A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burned in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine. Thermal power plants contributes maximum to the generation of power for any country. So in the sense, highest contribution for power production will be there from the thermal power station for any of the countries concerned. In thermal generating stations, coal, oil, natural gas, so etc., they are going to be using it for the power production is concerned as a primary source of energy is concerned. So main and auxiliary equipments are going to be considering as a coal handling of plant is concerned, pulverization of coal plant is concerned, draft system boiler, ash handling plant, turbine alternator, condenser, cooling tower, ponds, economizer, feed water heater, super heater and reheater and air preheater. So these all the units they are going to be using as auxiliary units are concerned as far as the power stations are concerned. So here I given a diagram of construction and working of thermal power station is concerned. So here this particularly diagram by observing this one you find it as a bit typical as far as the diagram is concerned. So you can make it thermal power station diagram so complicated, so simple, both the things you can make it. In general study is concerned the major component you are going to be considering as boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower and back to this particular as a boiler is concerned. So this is the connection we are expected as boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower and by using this pump back to the boiler is concerned. This is the major component of this power stations are concerned. So these all are going to be the additional they are going to be providing for the improvement quality is concerned, quality is concerned because we are going to be whatever the thing supposed to be the burning of fuel is going to be considered, the burning of fuel fuel might be a coal or some other fuel is concerned here we are going to use as a coal. So now I am going to be explaining the working this particular the diagram of power station is concerned. So before going the complicated diagram I am going to deal with a simple diagram first. This is a simple case of the diagram is concerned as far as a thermal power station is concerned. So this one is a boiler you are taken. So for boiler is there then there is a furnace is there, here you can consider the combined as soon as a boiler boiler means there will be input of the water is there and input of the fuel is also there when there is a input of the fuel. So this is the input of the fuel and the water you are going to be given. So means both things you are given it then there is a production of the steam is concerned. This is a production of steam it is coming through this way one direction you are taken as a steam is production. So when the burning of fuel is there there is a wastage is there that you are going to be considering as the ash handling system. You can give one more connection outlet as a ash handling system when the furnace is burning with the fuel means there is a flue gases are there and that flue gases you have to send it through this particularly flue gas arrangements through this particularly pipe through the atmosphere through the chimney is concerned. So designing of chimney itself is a separate the part of the discussion of thermal power system are concerned ash handling is a separate subject and the fuel supply and other things are separate here we are going to be taken as a simple case as far as a thermal power station level diagram is concerned. So now at this particularly stage after burning the fuel you are going to be getting it as a the water is converted into a steam that steam is in the superheated stage we are going to be considering the steam in the superheated state that superheated steam is coming to this particularly as a turbine. So in the turbine the basic work of the turbine is conversion of this because it is a steam power this is a steam turbines are there in previous topic we have studied about the water turbines now it is a steam turbine. Steam turbine is nothing but the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy means so the steam is going to be heating on the blades then it is going to be converted that particular energy into an mechanical energy which is coupled with this particularly with the generator. Generator starts producing the electricity so when the generator starts producing the electricity that is coupled to the power supply units are concerned. So whatever from this particular tower the electricity is coming to the up tower house or industrial purpose is concerned that is a power supply part is different power production part is different. If you consider this one as power production will usually comes in the central government part and the power supply will be coming to the our house or industrial purpose that comes to the state government part is concerned both are separate. That is from this particular production of electricity after this it is the total supply is concerned with the electrical engineering part and this is a mechanical engineering part production of this electricity is concerned. So this turbine is going to be coupled with the condenser so now this is turbine is the outlet of this particularly turbine outlet of the turbine that is a steam which is coming outside. So that is connected to the condenser that is connected to the condenser instead of using the word as coupled this is a connected to the condenser the outlet is connected to the condenser condenser the steam is coming at a higher temperature that has to be condensed to the our normal temperature to bring it to the normal temperature we are going to be using as a cold water through this one. This cold water is recycled through the cooling tower this is recycled to the condenser through the cooling tower. So this cooling tower might be a one cooling tower or multiple cooling tower depending upon the capacity of the plant is concerned. So this water is going to be recycled because we require the water in the huge quantity. That is the reason we are going to be recycling this one water through the cooling tower. And whatever the steam is coming through this one through the condenser that is after condensed steam because it is a pure water that time it is a pure water because it is a converted into a superheated steam. Back we are going to be condensed then it is a pure water. Before that one you are going to be spending some money for filtering the water is concerned to remove the suspended particle as a rise some chemicals which is there with the water. That is a filtered water we are going to be using it for the boiler. So that is the reason we are going to be using back to the boiler. This water we are going to be using back to the boiler. So here before sending it to the boiler we are going to be using as a economizer. Economizer is nothing but the some part of the heat energy you are going to be utilizing it. And then you are going to be heating it before sending it this water to the boiler. We are going to be adding some temperature to the water and sending it to the boiler. Okay that water once again we are going to be converted into steam this cycle is going to be taken place. So this diagram here you can make it as much as additional information you can share with this labor diagram. For your references important thing is as far as this one is the chimney are connected to the boiler and failure are connected and this is the input you are given water and output you are taken as a steam. So this much part is important as far as this total layout diagram this one is concerned. Then connected to the this one turbine condenser by pump. You are using a pump because you are sending the water against to the higher pressure inside the boiler is concerned. So that is reason you are going to be using the pump to send the water to the boiler is concerned. So this is a simple layer diagram of thermal power station. So which you required as far as the explanation part of thermal power station is concerned. So previous diagram whatever I have explained here is the additional just you can imagine how the complication we are going to be increasing it here. Here you are shown as a boiler in the previous case for that additional action as a super heater additional action as a super heater. And here this is a coal handling system then coal pulverization is going to be taken place then it is coming to this one. This I given directly as a fuel supply is concerned. And as handling system, okay, the as handling system you have shown it. So this is a separate. And here this is the flue gases you are going to be sending through the purifier then the filter you are going to be making it then you are sending it to the atmosphere through the chimney is concerned. That is the exhaust gases you are sending it to the atmosphere. So now this steam you are using it here and here also additionally I made it I have given one more diagram of the power supply part is also concerned. And here also some additional I am going to be trapping some steam, the lower this one steam you are going to be taken it when after using it in the steam first stage, second stage like this to that steam you are going to be using it for the economizer and other purpose are concerned. This there is no need of for a simple diagram is concerned this additional information. It is just for a detailing of power stations are concerned. You can go with this particularly the information as a simple layout diagram for thermal power station. Boiler turbine condenser back economizer through the boiler. Even you can also avoid this also diagram is concerned for a simple layout diagram is concerned. Okay this is the case of the general layout diagram of thermal power station. How exactly it was conversion of this particularly the heat energy you are going to be utilizing for conversion of water into a steam. Here the steam is going to be heat energy converted into an mechanical energy mechanical energy converted into an electrical energy through the generator and this whatever the steam you are going to be condensing back using it to the boiler. This is a simple case of thermal power station. So here I given the one diagram of a typical coal fired thermal power station. Okay here so whenever you see the this one thermal power station anywhere first you are going to be observing this cooling tower. It is at a height you are going to be observing away from the this particularly considered as thermal power station. This is a coal handling system through the conveyor they are going to be sending it to this one and these are the chimney and this is the cooling tower. Inside detail you are not shown it just a small layer diagram. That is a considering as a boiler and this is a coal you are going to be supplying fuel. So then it is going to be generated. Generator and other things you are going to be inside only just it is a simple diagram you are given it for production of electricity through the thermal power station. So here so this particularly the thermal power station in terms of 300 megawatts 500 megawatts like this they are going to be supplying the energy to the cities are concerned. So before concluding this topic is concerned let me know what is the unit of this particularly the thermal power station. What capacity you are going to be representing it? Capacity of a thermal power stations of any power station in general. It is going to be considering it as 300 megawatts 500 megawatts 450 megawatts like this they are going to be using it as a the unit as the megawatts they are going to be producing the electrical energies concerned. Thank you.