 Hello everyone welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more. So in oral pathology today's session will be dealing with Three syndromes namely Sjogran syndrome phrase syndrome and plumber Winston syndrome So we have many syndromes in oral pathology So this session is just highlighting three syndromes and the coming sessions will be dealing with the further syndromes so let's see what is Sjogran syndrome phrase syndrome and Plumber Winston syndrome. So we'll start with the first one that is Sjogran syndrome So it is a autoimmune disease. So, we know what is autoimmune disease the immune The immune system is acting against our own body cells Actually, it is supposed to act against the antigens the foreign bodies But it is by some error. It is acting against our own body system So that is autoimmune disease so the most common striking features of Sjogran syndrome is Dry eyes and dry mouth so there is lack of Tear and lack of saliva will be present in Sjogran syndrome. That is the most striking feature of Sjogran syndrome So what happens is The immune system affecting its own cell that is it affects the lacrimal glands and salivary glands So these glands are supposed to produce saliva and tears. So when it affects these gland, there will be Improper production of tears and Salivary gland so there will be dry eyes and dry mouth and it most commonly associated with rheumatoid So risk factors include age that is 40 years or greater than 40 years It usually diagnosed in this age group that is more than 40 years and Women are more prone to have Sjogran syndrome compared to men And rheumatic disease is common for people who have Sjogran syndrome Also to have a rheumatic disease So rheumatic disease also a risk factor for Sjogran syndrome And the most common symptoms we already discussed they are Like skin rashes, dry cough and most commonly stiffness and swelling It can have thyroid problems, kidney, liver, lungs, skin, nerves So most of the organs are affected By these autoimmune diseases and what are the complications we know it has Problem with production of saliva and here so there will be dental cavities Why because the saliva is keeping the mouth clean by its fleshing action When saliva is less there will be more chance of caries And also east infection will be there and since it is dry eyes there will be problem with vision So how do we treat this so treatment is very symptomatic we can Provide eye drops medications the eye drops are also known as crocodile tears And pylocarbin which is for salivary gland So it improves the saliva and we can suggest a patient to sip water frequently and also use Saliva producing chewing gums and such a symptomatic way we can manage this And diagnosis we can diagnose this by saliva flow test Silogram Schumer tear test So tear test is a special test for Counting the tear drops And biopsy is another method for chauvin syndrome. So chauvin syndrome The basically you should remember the trial that is dry eyes dry mouth and rheumatoid arthritis. It is a autoimmune disease which affects Lack remel and salivary glands Now let's move on to the second syndrome that is Frey syndrome Frey syndrome is also known as auricular temporal syndrome. Also another name is dupai syndrome So what happens is here also it is affecting salivary gland, but it is not a autoimmune disease Jogren syndrome is a autoimmune disease this is Salivary gland is affected due to a surgery or a trauma or a neck dissection In that case the salivary gland and auricular temporal nerve is affected And what happens there will be fleshing and gestatory sweating And where this happens it is in the pre auricular area when this happens in response to mastication or salivary stimulus when we think about a Very peculiar food like lemon or a so type food there will be Saliva production usually but that time there will be sweating in the pre auricular area because the auriculotemporal nerve is damaged So parotid gland and auriculotemporal nerve is damaged by any of these surgeries So this fleshing and gestatory sweating will be there in this particular area And also they may have erythema, anesthesia and parastasia regarding phrase syndrome So how do we diagnose we can use minor iodine starch test so we can apply starch and iodine and get this test done for phrase syndrome and treatment we can use botulinum injection And anti-cholinergic ointments like scopalamine and also surgical interventions So shogunin syndrome and phrase syndrome it is both affected The salivary glands are affected But here it is autoimmune disease and here it is a trauma to the auricular temporal nerve and parotid gland So both the cases there is problem with saliva Here there will be pre auricular area fleshing and sweating when there is a response to mastication Or a salivary stimulus when we think about particular food Or such things there will be sweating in the pre auricular area So that is phrase syndrome or dupai syndrome or auriculotemporal syndrome And the third syndrome through this session we are discussing about plumber vinson syndrome It is a very different one not related to these two It is also known as Patterson Kelly syndrome. These are the people who reported these syndromes first and it is Also known as Sidro-Penic dysphagia. So dysphagia we know it is the difficulty of swallowing And why this is happening? This is due to the long-term iron deficiency anemia. So iron is very much vital nutrient for our body. So when this iron is deficient and anemia causes and it lasts for a very longer period it might result a plumber vinson syndrome and it has a peculiar triad. So what is that triad? The anemia dysphagia and esophageal webs. So why this esophageal webs? There is small and thin growths of tissue partially blocks the foot pipe or esophagus. So on the track of esophagus there will be small and thin growths of tissue will be there. So this is why the swallowing is difficult or dysphagia is formed. The person is not eating properly so there will be weakness and person may have burning mouth, glossitis, spleenomegaly, coelonechia and all these are associated symptoms with plumber vinson syndrome. And diagnosis is basically by endoscopy, blood test and biopsy treatment. It is mainly nutritional intervention because it is iron deficiency anemia and nowadays iron deficiency anemia and this plumber vinson syndrome is quite rare because the nutrients interventions or the nutrients deficiency are a little bit not very much heard and it's the complication related to plumber vinson's commasal carcinoma. So today's session was about three syndromes. One is jockron syndrome, fraze syndrome and plumber vinson syndrome. So these two syndromes were associated with salivary glands and lacrimal glands. This is a autoimmune disease. This is a disease due to the trauma to the salivary gland and auriculotemporal nerve and this is a nutritional deficiency and deficiency plumber vinson syndrome. So these three are commonly asked questions. So whatever I put in this spot is asked once or twice in the university exam. So try to understand the difference between these three. So I'll come up with more syndromes in my next sessions. Thank you.