 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic is introduction to juristic thoughts on Labour jurisprudence. My dear students, what is juristic thought and what is Labour jurisprudence? Juristic relates with the law philosophers and jurisprudence relates with wisdom of law, understanding of law, philosophy of law. So, Labour laws are a product of legislation and before legislation, their source is the ILO's conventions. ILO's conventions, Pakistan ratifies their signature and then the ILO's standards related to the civilisation regarding Labour's, usko effect denek liye legislation ki jati hai. And legislature, jo law banati hai, wo codified law hota hai, aur jab koi dispute khada hota hai, to waha par judiciary apna role adakarti hai, judiciary custodian of the constitution hai, aur question of law ke upar interpretation karne ka right bhakti hai. So, laws legislature baayi ghi aur dispute khada hota hai to adjudication ke liye, judiciary jo hai wo apna role play karegi, aur some time jase hota hai ki, jo legislation hai wo confusing hai aur dodo meanings nikal rahe hai, kuch aur istra ke problems hai, grammatical issues hai. So, waha par judiciary, waha par apni juristic thoughts apne decency ke liye se degi aur presidents jo hai wo isziman mein bada role play krte hai, judicial mechanism ko chala ne ke liye. So, juristic ka loves bada important hai, issko samjiye iss se murad hai relating to law or relating to legality. Thoughts ka hoti hai? Ye idea hota hai, opinion hoti hai, aur ye basically production of thoughts hai. Jurisprudence jo hai, ye ek English term hai, aur ye ek Latin word jurisprudentia se derived ki gayi hai, aur isska maani hai understanding of law. Jurisprudence is basically sum total of two words, jurist and prudence respectively means law and understanding. Thus, jurisprudence is law of understanding, and it is called mother of all laws. So, juristic thoughts jo hai wo badi zoruri hai, ta ke law jo hai, ye stand still position pa na rahe, badke dynamic rahe. Labour koan hoti hai, Labour wo hoti hai jo physical work krte hai, ek khas physical work jo krne wale log hai, wo labourers kailate hai. Pakistan mein, boh sare labour laws hai, jyasi social apprenticeship ordinance, boiler and pressure vessels ordinance, children, labour act, employment of children, rules, companies, profit, worker participation act and rules, cotton sass act, factories act and the cotton act, disabled persons employment at rehabilitation ordinance and rules, dock labourers act, workers employment regulation act, employees cost of living act etc. It also includes employees old age benefit act. Minor students, there are two sources of law. One is legislation, the other one is precedent aur ye juristic thoughts hai, jo ke existing legislation mein, jaha par ko confused aati hai, jo justice sahibaan hai, high court ke, supreme court ke, wo this philosophy of law mein add krte rati hai. In this regard, ek case law mein aapke saat discuss krna chata hoon jo ke hai, case ka title hai, Clark Mills, employees union versus Karachi's team, roller, Clark Mills company limited 1964. Isme, Davian Bench gave very juristic decision in the following words. The purpose of industrial law and the object of industrial justice can be taken to establish the balance between the interests of the workers and those of the owner of the industry, so that harmony of their relations may be achieved. Dheke ye precedent ke ziree se justice sahibaan ne ek faisla diya aur usme kaha ke industrial law ka purpose hai, wo industrial justice hai. Ta ke usse establish kiya jaaseke balance workers ke darmean aur owners ke darmean ta ke unke darmean harmony create ki jaaseke. So this is the bent of mind of our judiciary as regards labour laws. In 1997, in a case law, justice Miyaala Nawaz of Lahore high court held that labour laws revolve around four necessary constituents. First constituent, my dear student is labour organization. The second is industrial disputes between employee and employer. The third one is right to free bargaining and the third one is industrial settlement. Hope you have understood the topic, juristic thoughts.