 Hello friends, welcome to Centrum Academy. So in this video also, we will continue discussing Indian constitution and as you can see on the board Here we are going to discuss preamble. So If I start with discussing about preamble here, so I'm gonna discuss Different things here which will constitute of the keywords discussed in the Indian preamble and what is the significance of Indian preamble? these would be the two most important points of discussion why it is in in this particular video and Then I would also let you know a little bit about how Indian preamble was amended and Different orders of Supreme Court on Indian preamble. So let's start with the video. So if I discuss about few general facts, so the first constitution Which had preamble was American Constitution, so US Constitution was the first Constitution to have preamble Now, what is a preamble first of all? Preamble is nothing but a preface or introduction So if we read a book most of the books comes with a preface Preface which gives an idea about what the book is all about. So it gives the theme of the book It gives the vision of the book it gives a brief about the book that what we are going to Get why after reading the book though, so preamble of the Indian Constitution is actually the same thing So if you read the Indian Constitution, it will give the summary or essence of the Constitution So preamble is nothing but summary or essence of the Indian Constitution Now how preamble came into picture. So as I discussed in my last video also Preamble is nothing but a modified version of objective resolution Which was drafted and moved by our first Prime Minister Pandijawala Nehru And it was adopted by Constituents Assembly. So he moved it on as I have discussed 13 December 1946 when the first meeting of the Constituents Assembly was going on and This objective resolution after certain modifications went on to become the Indian preamble and It actually is Is the best way to present the essence of Indian Constitution Now as we are discussing preamble of Indian Constitution. So let me read that preamble for you So what has been written in the Indian preamble because If we don't read it, then When I'll be discussing keywords, you will not know that where it has been used So that's why I have included this and I'll read it for you And then I let you know that what are the keywords and and and in what context they has been Used so that discussion would be fruitful only when we know that where these keywords are used So it has been written like this be the people of India have solemnly resolved to constitute India into sovereign Socialist secular democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens Justice three kinds of justice social economic political liberty So we have different liberties given thought expression belief faith Worship and then equality equality of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all fraternity. What kind of fraternity? assuring the dignity of individual and unity and integrity of the nation and then comes In our constituents assembly this 26th day of november 14 1949 Do hereby adopt Inact and give to ourselves this constitution So if I if you look at these words, there are several keywords given over here First one is the people of the people of India. We the people of India Then five words here sovereign socialist secular democratic republic Then we are talking about justice liberty equality fraternity and the date has been mentioned over here. So Why these three red color? Words over here when everything is written In black why I have used red color here because indian preamble or preamble of indian constitution was amended in 1976 with the help of 42nd Constitution amendment act cAA and three words were inserted Those were socialist secular and integrity. So the three words which were included by this amendment was socialist secular And integrity So these these were the three words which were included in 1976 by 42nd constitutional amendment act Now before I discuss the importance of the keywords and the context in which it has been used, let me discuss Another topic which is important That is the ingredients of the preamble. So what does in preamble consists in itself? So as I have read the preamble for you And if you look at the gist of the preamble, it tells me the source of authority And source of the authority of the indian constitution comes from the very first Few words written be the people of india so indian constitution Derives its authority from the people of india and that is why The word be the people of india is very important in in in preamble because complete source of authority of the indian constitution comes from the people of india Then what kind of state we are we we are Planning to create or we plan to create at that point of time. So If you look at the different keywords, the nature of the state would be sovereign then socialist secular democratic and republic These are the five essence of nature of a state which was planned or on on on this basis india was Created and these are the five pillars. You can say in preamble and then objective of the constitution So objective of the constitution can be found out with the different keywords like justice Liberty and equality so this gave the objective of the constitution that Assuring justice liberty and equality for all its citizens and fraternity also which Should be the objective of indian constitution and then the date was given 26 november 1949 Now, let me move to the Meaning of different keywords used in indian preamble. So let me start with sovereign. What do I mean by sovereign? So sovereign means nothing, but india is not dependent on any other country And it's not a domain dominion of any other country. So india is an independent country It can take its own decisions. No one can enforce us to take decision on their behalf now the Point is india is a member of united nation or india is a member of commonwealth So does it impact our sovereignty? Absolutely. No india is a member of united nation or commonwealth or for that matter any other international group on on its own wish and no other country or group or any Assembly can force us to take decisions in their behalf So india is independent to cede any territory to any particular nation or acquire any territory from anywhere Independent in in decision making is basically the crux of sovereignty Now socialist comes from a word socialism and socialism is an Economic word the kind of economy. So socialism is of two types. One is communistic socialism and one is uh democratic socialism So in india, we have democratic socialism and it's nothing but you might have studied in Economics that means of production. So in democratic socialism means of productions are in hand of government as well as private companies Communistic socialism is about abolishing private properties like in russia. So most of the means means of production Would be in the hands of the government in Communistic socialism in democratic socialism, which we have here We have mixed kind of economy where government and private sector both gets involved in in economic activities and the objective is to In the poverty and other majorities of the citizens of that country Now secularism. So secularism is is uh of two type one is positive and one is negative We have positive secularism in which government looks at every religion with one eye and and for government. No religion is is uh you can say Important and other religion is not important for government. Every religion has equal importance So that is the basic crux crux of secularism mentioned in indian uh preamble Now what why secularism was added in in uh, indian constitution. So if you look at the fundamental rights so article 25 to 28 gives freedom of Activities to indian citizens, but to make it very exclusive Or to bring exclusivity in terms of religious Freedom the word secularism was added in 1976 by 42nd constitutional amendment act Now democratic means we all know of the people for the people by the people of the people and Where the whole authority of the government comes from the people of that citizen So in india, we have a fundamental of universal uh suffrage in which people can uh people above 18 years of age can vote And choose their representatives. So indian uh, uh Type of uh, i mean indian uh democracy is also known as representative democracy Why representative democracy because we have we can't choose our prime minister directly. So we choose our MPs or MLAs And there are representatives and and and on our behalf, they choose prime minister or our chief minister of the state So MLAs will choose chief minister of state on our behalf MPs will choose prime minister of indian our behalf. So we have representative uh democracy in which we choose our representatives and on our behalf The representatives elected by us choose prime minister or chief minister Then India is also republic. So democratic Countries have two kinds two kinds. I mean they are of two kinds. So first one is monarchy monarchy is nothing but head of the state is Comes from um a certain family. It is it is hereditary in nature. So like in britain So head of the state is the queen of Britain Republic means the head of the state is elected So republic means head of the state is elected now who is head of a state in india So it's not prime minister president is head of the state in india And we do have indirect system of election of president. We will be discussing it in one of the slides. So Our representatives select elected by us both MLAs and MPs they vote in the elections of president of india So we have indirect form of election of president of india The post is not hereditary in nature And that is why india is considered to be republic because the head of the state is elected