 The researchers have identified a specific type of flavonoid synthase enzyme that was previously unknown in the APACE family of plants. This enzyme, known as FNSI, has been found to be present in only two species of APACE, docus carota and apium graviolens. Previous studies had suggested that this enzyme may have originated independently from other FNSI enzymes in other plant species, but the new study confirms that it did indeed evolve separately from these other enzymes. This article was authored by Boas Pucker and Massimo Ieretso.