 with re-hit and the carol bike. And this has been shown in numerous studies and we see it in our data. You get a substantial improvement in VO2 max. So you get around 12% in just eight weeks. So let's start. What exactly is a carol bike and why aren't I riding one right now? That's all right. So carol bike is the smartest and most effective exercise bike. It's been scientifically proven to give you double the health and fitness benefits in 90% less time compared to regular steady-state cardio. It's got simple and AI personalized workouts that are suitable for pretty much any age and fitness levels and workouts can be done in five minutes. And the best part is you only have to work hard for two 20-second sprints. So it's short, effective, and very easy to fit into your life. You're absolutely right about that. Now, everybody knows there are plenty of exercise bikes out there already and certainly people heard about what happened during COVID with a particular exercise bike company. What gap did you see in the market that led to the creation of the carol bike? Before I, I'm not an insider in the fitness industry. I've worked in automotive industry and a lot in healthcare actually. I'm a mechanical engineer by background. And in healthcare, we designed with my co-founders chronic disease management programs for people with heart failure, diabetes, and so on. And exercise is simply the most powerful intervention for not only that patient population for everybody really, but nevertheless for those people particularly. And we couldn't get them to exercise. And when we looked at the science, if you survey people why they don't exercise, the number one reason stated is lack of time. Now, actually for some it might be an excuse, but we believe that the competition for time is really intense and that there is a need for time efficient exercise. And when we came across the science of re-hit reduced exertion high intensity training, we fell in love basically overnight and really wanted to do that, wanted our patients to be able to do that. But you couldn't replicate the science that university researchers discovered in the lab on a normal exercise bike. So they used special equipment. And simply there was no suitable equipment available. And that seemed such a huge gap to us that we felt why not try and close that gap. And that's now this is almost 10 years ago and an awful lot of development effort has gone into that. But by now we have a very nice product that makes re-hit very simple. And dare I say easy for people to do in their home, in gyms. And so that's what motivated us. Got you. You know, I talk and write a lot about exercise snacking and why you don't need to go to the gym for hours a day to get the benefits of exercise. And you're absolutely right. My patients basically say they don't have the time. And certainly during COVID nobody had the ability to go to the gym. So I want to really dive in to what re-hit is versus hit. Because I think a lot of people listening understand high intensity interval training hit. But take us through that. And why that's so important. Sure, sure. So most people will be familiar with hit high intensity interval training. And a typical hit program would last 20, 30 minutes, have multiple like higher intensity intervals 45678. And they vary in range from 40 seconds to four minutes. There's a great variety. And while the benefits are beyond doubt, it is actually quite difficult for most people to perform those hit sessions because the rate of perceived exertion is fairly high. And it's also not that time efficient once you the prep and shower afterwards and everything. So based on that, re-hit was developed by scientists who were looking for the shortest, most effective, most accessible way to exercise. And research has proven that re-hit is simply the fastest way to get fit. And a re-hit session consists basically only of two 20 second sprints with a very light warm-up recovery and cool down period. And so where where it offers high intensity training, re-hit offers maximum intensity. So you really push to your limits, but you do it only for a very brief, very short period of time, which makes it which makes the total exertion much, much lower. You know, you know, when I first tried your bike, and you know, it maybe we can talk through this, but you basically kind of have a warm-up period of two minutes. And you know, I'm going, well, okay, come on, let's get this going because I'm following the directions from the bike, obviously. And I'm going, well, this is silly. What am I doing this for? And then it goes, all right, you know, now you're going to do this for 20 seconds, you're going to pump as hard as you can go. And okay, you do that. And then I'm going, okay, now you know, this is when we're really going to start. And then it says, okay, you're done and relax and let's slow down and cool down for two minutes. And I'm going, well, this is silly. And then we do it again for 20 seconds. And I hope I'm saying this right. And then we do one more cool down and it says, you know, congratulations, you're done. And I'm going, oh, come on, I didn't even break a sweat. And Dave Asprey, you know, used to talk about this, he said, how'd you like to get fit without breaking a sweat in five minutes? I know. Come on. So yes, did I work hard for 20 seconds, two times in a row? Yeah, but it was not, I didn't want to throw up. And some hip training can do. So teach me the science of why that my perceived exertion wasn't very high. And yet I got a benefit. Sure, sure. So the, I want to just two things. So it is actually true. The, the level of energy you burn during the sprints is so low that most people don't even break a sweat. Now, I don't want to say everybody because, you know, some people are naturally have a greater tendency to sweat than they do. But most people actually don't sweat. And I know that some of our female users, many of our female users actually really appreciate that they can get a good workout in at least without having to have their head on and all again, and need to go to the hairdresser again. So that is true. It doesn't apply to everybody, but most people can do it without even breaking a sweat. But let's, let's, it is still like these two 20 second sprints, if you pushed your limit, those two 20 second sprints are hard. So it's, I don't want to say it's, it's not a fitness pill or free lunch. You do have to work hard for those two 20 second sprints at your heart rate will be elevated and so on. Now, what, why does it get you fit? The secret lies in the rapid onset of the high intensity. So you go from your base rate very rapidly in the sprints to create a huge spike in energy demand. So your energy demand increases by a factor of 100. And that energy demand can't be met with your normal aerobic energy system. So where you take sugar fat from your bloodstream instead, your muscles have to burn and have to utilize locally stored energy resources. And that's first for the first 10 seconds of the sprint or so, that's possible creating that switches on fastest is immediately available, but it only lasts for about 10 seconds. And then you're forced to, you force your muscles to anaerobically burn muscular glycogen. And what that triggers is, or what that means is that you're tapping into your, what we call emergency energy reserves. So you have those glycogen stores in reserve for situations where you have to run for your life or fight for your life. And with those reheat sprints, you can, you force your body to mobilize a fairly large amount of your muscular glycogen stored in your thighs about 25 to 30%. And now that triggers a cascade, certain signaling molecules get released. So that's initially AMPK, which is bound to the glycogen and gets then released and activated. And then further downstream, it releases and activates PGC1 alpha, which is another signaling molecule that is the master regulator for mitochondrial biogenesis. So with those sprints, you set in place, you set off a cascade of physiological responses that in effect tell your body that it has to get fitter and stronger and increase the mitochondrial volume and numbers so that you're getting better at utilizing oxygen. And that increases your VO2 max and your cardio respiratory fitness. And therefore, delivers this very substantial increase in fitness in this very short period of time. There's some other mechanisms that lead to further adaptations. For example, your blood plasma volume increases. And overall, you get better at both delivering and utilizing oxygen. You know, that brings to mind. Years ago, when the jogging craze came out, they in the marathoning craze came out, they interviewed some Kalahari Bushmen, the Aikong, who are great long distance walkers. They think nothing about walking 20 miles, talking game. And they asked them, you know, what do you think about running 26 miles? And they said, well, why would anybody do that? You'd, you know, you'd waste all those calories, you know, walking for 26 miles, running for 26 miles to catch the animal. And if the animal was chasing you, he would have caught you long before that. And you're right. This, this immediate power need was, you're right, fight or flight. We had to get up a tree, or we had to wrestle a saber tooth tiger, either of which would be a very short bout of intense exercise. So you're right. We were, we were built for this. So you're, you're, you're, we have an evolutionary reason to have this. Yeah, absolutely. And another thing, how, so the response is to the rapid onset, basically, of the sprint. And one thing that, if you want to call it a hack, or something really clever is that the, when, when you switch on the, when you have this spike in energy demand, and the body anticipates a fight or flight situation and prepares for that. And it means it mobilizes lots and lots of energy, mobilizes lots and lots of glycogen, you burn only through your metabolize only a tiny fraction of that, because the sprints are so short. But the, the signal went in already just with the onset. And that is thought to be the reason why you don't have to do more sprints or longer sprints. You would just burn through more of that mobilized glycogen. But the signal was already went in at the very beginning. And therefore that triggered already the adaptation. And there's something really quite peculiar and quite unique about re-hit because with exercise, it's usually a quite linear function. If you either work longer or work harder, you get greater benefit. What the data right now suggests is that with re-hit, doing more sprints and longer sprints, not only does you not give, it's not only that you don't get greater benefits, it's actually an inverse relationship. So if you do more sprints or longer sprints, you get less fitness benefits. Now that's, that's a curiosity and a little bit of a paradox. It's not entirely understood what scientists think happens is that their psychology just kicks in. So if you knew you had to do 10 sprints and they're all like 40 seconds long, you just don't go all out. You don't push to your limit. You operate, you pace yourself and you stay somewhere at 80, 90% and it's going to be really hard and so on. But you don't get the benefits from this short, sharp spike in energy demand. And with two 20-second sprints, so by the end of the last five seconds, you feel a bit of discomfort admittedly, but that is short enough for you to really push to your limits and therefore reap the rewards of this signal that's derived from this very sudden onset of energy demand. So how, so, you know, I just, I described, you know, the typical five-minute carol bike experience. I suppose a lot of people are saying, well, okay, you know, thank you very much. Now I know what I'm supposed to do. Why can't I just hop on my exercise bike and duplicate that experience? What say you? Yeah, so we tried it. So we had no intention of becoming or inventing an exercise bike. The science existed beforehand. As I said, there's been 15, 20 years researched. When we came across it, we fell in love and we really wanted just to do that exercise. And I remember very well, so there was a BBC documentary about that, where they showcased the science of re-hit, the amazing benefits, how you don't even sweat, you could do it in your suit. And I bought over like the same evening a very good conventional exercise bike and thought, I'll just do it. But I couldn't. The experience was nothing like what was portrayed in that documentary. And, well, we contacted the scientists who were featured there. It was Dr. Niels Follert, amongst others, and asked them, what are we doing wrong? And the first thing he said was, well, you need a special bike. So in their labs, and they failed to mention that in the documentary. Oh, by the way. Yeah, exactly. In their lab, they used special equipment that was operated by a second person. So by lab technician and exercise physiologist. And with that second person, you could dial in the optimal resistance at the right time and to get this spike in energy demand, you have to basically start pedaling really fast at low resistance. And then your personalized resistance needs to be applied in an instant at the optimal time. And that's just very, very difficult on a normal bike. Now, most people just wouldn't know what maximum intensity feels like. If you pedal at top speed, try to dial in, like, turn a button. It's just very difficult. So we decided, and that's a genesis of Kerro bike, that it's unpractical to have very expensive research equipment and a second person there. We thought there must be a better solution to that. We use technology. We use a computer control resistance mechanism, a computer code break that automates the workout. And we use algorithms and AI to find the optimal personalized resistance for each user, no matter how fit or not you are and what age you are. And that's really how it came about. So, of course, people are welcome to try it. I don't think so. We were very disappointed when we tried it on a normal bike and it was enough for us to say, hey, we're going to build our own bike. We can do better than that. And Kerro is very optimized for these re-hit rides. It's not the only thing you can do. In fact, it's a very versatile bike. But we've really tried to optimize every aspect of the bike to make it perfect for this type of workout. I actually have done it in my suit and I was able to do it and I did not ruin my suit. So, you're right. And you know, that's actually one of the brilliance of this because in general, doing exercises is number one, a pain in the neck. Number two, you are convinced that you have to do it for a long time to get any sort of benefit. And you're also right that the traditional hit training, personally speaking, you know more is coming. And I think psychologically, you protect yourself because you really don't want to go to failure psychologically. And yet you guys have figured this out. So, what you're saying is that the computer is always tracking my effort and knows as I get fitter to be the technician and turn up the resistance. And so it tracks this. That's correct. That's correct. So, in the lab setting, so it's literally plate-loaded bikes, they put like some metal weights on the resistance system that gets released and then slow down the apply resistance based on that. And in the lab, they have obviously developed certain like reference tables as to how much resistance should be applied. But then they also applied judgment. So, they looked you up and down, their subjects up and down and said like within that range. Here we'll apply a bit more. Here we'll apply less based on how I assess your fitness levels to be. Now, we can't do that because it's not supervised. You do this in your own home. You can do it in like the leading gym or like biohacking facilities. But it's not typically a supervised exercise. So, for your first ride, we use similar reference tables based on what the scientific community used. And we've got by now after hundreds of thousands, well, many hundreds of thousands of rides, additional data. So, based on everything you tell us, we find a very good estimate as to how the workout should be for you, what the resistance level should be. But then we also look at your performance and how you perform during the ride, how quickly you're fatigued during the sprints. And based on that, the resistance will be personalized and optimized from ride to ride. So, not only will we find very quickly the optimal point for you at that stage, but we will also keep making it more challenging as you get fitter and stronger so that you plateau as late as possible. Or if you had like an injury or you had a pause in training also, where your fitness declined, we will also make it easier for you so that it's always a challenging but feasible workout to perform. Yeah. And I like the feature. It basically gives you a graph of your previous performance and then shows, hopefully, that, oh, look, you incrementally beat your previous performance. So, there is, cleverly, you've designed in some feedback to give me a gold star for my effort. Or you can see that, and you're right, the computer can tell, you're falling off at the end and you can see that. Absolutely. And I mean, it's completely natural that you should fatigue during the sprint. And in fact, if you were, so that curve of your power throughout the sprint has to drop off. Otherwise, you haven't reached your peak. It's basically your peak power and peak intensity. You can only hold for literally a fraction of a second. It's a momentary thing. And then your power output will drop off. And that's a normal and intended characteristic. And in fact, so we've got by far the largest database of re-hit rides with 25,000 riders, many hundreds of thousands of rides that we can analyze. And so we know what the optimal shape of that curve is for any type of person and are therefore able to really dial in on the optimal resistance so that yeah, you can push yourself to your limits and gain the maximum benefits from re-hit. This must be terrible news for personal trainers out there, where no pain, no gain, and you got to, you know, sweat through, I mean, you got to be on that bike. And there are, you know, there are our bike programs that I have done and I've, you know, he'll climb through these things and I've he'll climbed on bikes through Tuscany. I don't, it's hard. So you're saying, come on now, folks. You really can get a lot of benefit through these little short sessions. Yes. That's right. That's right. Absolutely. And there's not only so we have a lot of data on that and we can see that we're basically replicating the level of improvement that was seen in academic trials. But you know, it's, I would argue that the leading, for example, personal trainers or like performance studios, they embrace it. They're different people. Some people do not like to exercise and they just want to get it done as quickly as possible. But we have many users who really enjoy exercising and they just want a, this really powerful stimulus as part of their program. And it's an additional thing or they also, because the bike can do lots and lots of other things as well, use varied programs and mix it up. And so it's, there is really a great, I'm surprised if I see kind of how broad the spectrum of our users is from, you know, people who struggle to exercise and found it hard to find something that suits them to, yeah, really, I mean, top class athletes who just want basically an additional stimulus from this very high intensity, very short sprints. So it's the range is really pretty vast. All right. I mentioned in the introduction that this is a anti-aging machine, perhaps is the nice way of saying that. How in the world do you make that claim? Because that's a very, you can de-age by 10 years. Where does all this come from? I can back that claim up. So with Rehit and the Carol bike, and this has been shown in numerous studies and we see it in our data, you get a substantial improvement in VO2 max. So you get around 12% in just eight weeks. And then further studies and our own data shows after 18 to 20 weeks or so, you're up to 20%. And VO2 max. Let me back up for our listeners and viewers who don't know what's a VO2 max and why should we care? Of course, yes. So VO2 max is your ability to burn, to use oxygen during exercise. And it is possibly probably the most important health marker. And there's a very strong association or correlation between VO2 max and longevity. So the other thing is, from the age of 30, we lose VO2 max about 10% per decade. So in only eight weeks, you can overcompensate, you can regain more than you would lose in terms of VO2 max cardio respiratory fitness then the whole decade of aging. So it's not subtle at all. It's very noticeable. You get the metrics on the bike, you get a fitness score, so you can track yourself very well from right to right and see your progress. But you can also feel your progress because you will feel, I mean, yeah, feeling in terms of cardio fitness 10 years younger, that's very significant. The other thing is, and this is based on scientific research, the correlation between VO2 max and healthy life expectancy. So a 10% increase in VO2 max would correspond or the correlation would be equivalent to two years of healthy life expectancy gained. So that's very substantial. And so if longevity, I mean, it depends what your health goals are, but most people I think would like to age well and in good fitness and improving your VO2 max is one of the best ways to achieve that. It's interesting. I like to study super old people and the term has been coined blue zones. In my upcoming book, I actually debunk blue zones. But a great number of these places, and I was a professor at Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California for many years. And all of these areas are hilly communities. And interestingly enough, four out of the five groups are sheep and goat herders. And these sheep herders in their 90s have incredible VO2 max. I couldn't keep up with these sheep herders going up hills. So you're right, their VO2 max is really impressive. And I think part of it is because they go up and down hills all day long. So you're right, the VO2 max is really important. So do you have any, do you have any user examples that illustrate this? You probably have tons. We do, we do. We have, we have a lot. We have one, I don't know whether you have the pleasure to meet Andrea. She's she was with us at the biohacking conference. She's also a user, but an ambassador. She wouldn't mind telling if I told her story. So she's an avid user and her, she's in her 50, but she's got the VO2 max of a, oh, I think it was a 20 year old. I mean, unbelievable improvements that she's achieved and where her audiologist couldn't believe what, what values she produced. Now that's, she's quite exceptional in so many ways and very special. But so we, no, we do very clearly get the feedback from our users that it's very noticeable, very tangible improvement that they achieve. I want to segue into something you brought up, what really prompted you to figure this bike out. And that is, as, as you're well aware, and I hope our listeners are aware, in America, only 88% of Americans have metabolic inflexibility. They are insulin resistant. They are pre diabetic or diabetic. And I don't think there's a difference. So only 12% of Americans in, in fact, only 50% of normal weight individuals are metabolically flexible, which is really scary. So and again, you got into this because you wanted to figure out a way of helping these individuals as I do. So tell me how the Carol bike affects insulin resistance, which is one of our great killers and ageers of, of everything. Yeah, yeah, sure. So in terms of the results that we've seen in academic, randomized controlled peer reviewed trials, we've seen very impressive improvements in metabolic health. So one trial and that was done with Carol bike, compared to jogging, the Carol bike group after eight weeks, using the bike three times a week, saw an improvement in their Metz Z score. So that's a metabolic risk score that's that's calculated based on a basket of physiological measurements like blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar, waste cell conference. And in only eight weeks, that risk score reduced by 62%. So it's a very remarkable reduction in risk of developing metabolic diseases. Now, the mechanism and nothing is here entirely that the last word, it's an emerging field of research, even though people have been working on it for 15, 20 years. But what one reason to why this might be so effective is, as you do those sprints, you, you mobilize lots of glycogen, so sugar stored in your muscles. You empty the emergency energy reserve of your body, and your body really wants to be ready for, you know, the next attack or the next critical situation in a way. And so wants to replenish those stores also as quickly as possible. And and these processes of accessing energy and storing energy are governed by insulin. And therefore, it is thought that that's the mechanism that improves insulin sensitivity, reduces insulin resistance and ultimately improves metabolic health and supports weight management, even so. So many people do exercise for weight management. I don't think it should be the primary goal, but I totally respect that that's it's an important goal. I think that there's much greater prizes actually to be have than than just burning some calories, like the the metabolic health benefits are much greater in my view, than just burning some calories. But basically, overcoming insulin resistance would make it so much easier to manage your weight, because you can actually, like if you do want to fast, I fast from time to time. I have the impression I'm because I'm metabolically flexible and not insulin resistance, I can actually access my fat store and the energy in my adipose tissue. And so I'm not starved, even though so I like to do these fasting mimicking I never do like a water fast or so, but from time to time I do these five days programs with significantly reduced calorie intake. And I managed to do those with hardly any sensation of really hunger and starving. And that I attribute that to metabolic flexibility and because I can actually use the the energy I carry around with me. Yeah, you know, the study you refer to, I think people should understand and correct me if I'm wrong, but I think they just had to do these carob bike workouts three times per week. That's correct. Yes. So it's over eight weeks and it was done three times a week. And they spent so around 25 minutes working out per week. It was very, very little time investment. Man, I mean, that's that's a deal. And you're right. I, you know, I in my clinics, I measure fasting insulin and insulin resistance. So we use HOMA IR, but it's interesting. Most people are unaware that they have an elevated fasting insulin. Even people with normal blood sugars, even people with normal hemoglobin A1Cs are shocked when they actually have an elevated insulin level and an elevated insulin resistance. And the way I, I tell people is that your, your muscles are essentially the customer that insulin sells the food that you eat to. And if, if the, if the muscles are hungry, it's an easy sell. They're going, oh yeah, yeah, give me some of that. I mean, you know, it looks delicious. But if your muscles are full, then the best sales pitch in the world isn't going to work because the muscles go, I'm sorry. You know, there's no room in here. I'm stuffed. You know, go away. And what happens to my patients and happened to me back when I was fat is that insulin does not want to waste calories. And so insulin says, you know, a famine will be coming. It always has. And I'm going to help you out. And I'm going to take all those extra calories that the muscles don't want. And I'm going to store it as fat. You'll thank me someday. And because, because the famine is coming, it always has, of course, it hasn't been here for quite a while. And my patients really get it. So what you're saying is so true. And it just takes a little stimulus to make your muscles hungry. And I think that's what you've proved with the bike. Speaking of weight loss, who cares about weight loss if what we're losing is muscle? And one of the scary things from the latest weight loss drug craze is that the initial results and there's still there's still not enough studies looks like the weight loss from these drugs for 40, 44% of the weight loss is muscle. And that to me is really scary. Because again, muscles are the customer for insulin. And so tell me about fat loss and the carol bike. I wholeheartedly agree. And I think people should be very careful, especially. So I'm now 46. And I'm actually, I'm much more interested in maintaining and building muscle than being at my skinniest leanest. So yeah, I would much rather have slightly higher weight and good level of muscle mass, then lose a lot of weight at the cost of also reducing muscle mass. I entirely agree there. So I do think carol supports weight management through the mechanisms we've discussed around insulin sensitivity. Carol also burns a meaningful amount of calories because of the afterburn because of there's something called excess post exercise oxygen consumption. And so that means, even though though, during the short sprints, you burn quite little energy, so little that your body doesn't heat up and many people don't sweat. Research has shown that you burn through a substantial amount of calories in the next 90 minutes, 120 minutes after the sprint. And so it does contribute to like a meaningful amount of calories. So for I give you an example, I do a ride most mornings and we can calculate the epoch because that's been thoroughly investigated. And in six, seven minutes on the bike, I burn about 220 calories. Now that's compared to my overall need. It's almost like 10% of my daily kind of calorie requirement. And that's meaningful if you have that off. And there's other programs and there's actually, there's a little bit of a gender bias in there. So it seems to be our female users are using that program more called the fat burn series, which has done a slightly lower intensity, but has a lot more sprints and shorter sprints. So it's like eight seconds on 12 seconds off. And you sweat like crazy with that one. But you also burn through phenomenal amounts of calories. So if weight management was one of your primary goals, that would be a good program to also mix in. So we think everybody should do the re-hit kind of to have your base covered. But then you could mix in some of these fat burn programs. And that would certainly help with calorie consumption. The other thing is in re-hit because the forces are quite high. It is actually that the forces are meaningful also from a strength perspective. So while you're not training your upper body, you do actually train your legs also for strength. And so this hasn't been published yet, but I had sight of the results. A new study that showed that you have also around a thing was 12% improvement in strength, lower body strength after eight weeks doing these re-hit rides. So basically through that training, you would offset, even if you have a calorie deficit, through the training you would protect your muscle mass. Yeah, my patients know and I teach them that really 60 to 70% of our muscle mass is in our butt and our thighs. And that's what you're working. And I tell them, please, please don't go to the gym and get the five pound weights and do curls. Because yeah, you may get guns, but you're wasting your time in terms of the real consumers. And that's your butt and your thigh muscles. So you're exactly right. Carol bike exercise and getting smarter. Now, it sounds really smart to just exercise for five minutes. So I'm already smarter. But tell me about BDNF and the hit series. Yeah, sure, sure. So the exercise, I mean, exercise in general has lots and lots of positive effects. And high intensity exercise has in particular many positive effects and some maybe that people didn't expect. But there is actually a large body of evidence that supports that especially high intensity exercise releases BDNF that's brain derived neurotropic factor. And that helps to keep the brain young and healthy. So it encourages neuro plasticity. And if you have lots of it, it's associated correlated with higher cognitive performance, attention, memory. And if you have little of it, it's also correlated with cognitive impairment and dementia and even depression and things. So so having having an exercise that stimulates BDNF release is certainly helpful. And one recent study has shown that these short sprints increase BDNF some four to five times more than light exercises for a much longer period. So that was light exercise for 90 minutes. Did some of this is obviously black box and we're just observing and we don't know all the like how it links together. But the observation seems to be that high intensity exercise really particular is particularly beneficial for BDNF release. Yeah, we're we're learning more and more about a set of signaling molecules called myokines that are released from muscles. And, you know, I think the science is, you know, is it in its infancy, but these myokines definitely have some neurotropic effects that again, we're just uncovering this whole class of signaling molecules. So yeah, another good reason to do this. All right, well, there's certainly a growing interest in the home fitness trend. Where do you where do you see the carol bike standing in the next few years? Oh, so I hope that everybody has one. So our intention when we started and I hope this doesn't sound too grand, but was really to shift the needle on an epidemic of inactivity. The benefits of exercise are so clear, and so overwhelmingly positive that it's really hard to understand why we don't do it more. And the figures, the participation rates and activity rates are really quite depressing. It's I think in the US by some measures, only 5% of the population gets sufficient exercise and physical activity. We hope that time efficient exercise can make a difference and actually shift the needle on this epidemic of inactivity. So obviously, we want to be successful as a company, no question, but we'd also like to make a real difference to people's lives and help them find a habit that they can fit into their life to get and stay fit and active. Some people say this is great, but I want I want a trainer yelling at me either in person or via a video to make me do this. Can the carol bike be configured to yell at me? Or what are you doing? So yes, and what we have done is we obviously we have our own workout series. So at the moment, there's some 20 protocols or workout options, all with good scientific evidence, but we recognize that people might not always want to do the same thing. Sometimes they have more time or in a household, there's several people living. So you can use the carol app with a number of third party apps. So you can have the peloton digital on it. And that works nicely. And then another thing is, and so the cycling community is quite a subculture really. They love to in winter or whenever it's raining or whenever in many circumstances, work out on apps like Swift, where you can cycle through virtual worlds with literally thousands of people. And there's a number of those apps, Swift, Kinomap. And with our latest model, we are fully compatible with those apps. So you can use a variety of third party apps to cycle through virtual worlds, through video recorded worlds is really quite amazing, the variety of third party apps that also works on carols. So we've made the bike very specialized. And this is always our primary focus. We want it to be as good as possible, optimal for re-hit. But we recognize that, you know, your wife, your children, partner might have different tastes. And most people just don't have two bikes at home. Most people have one bike at home. And so therefore we can't just be a one trick pony and have to enable those things too. More amazing episodes just like this one. Watch now. Turns out that house chores, washing dishes, doing the laundry, sweeping the floor, vacuuming, making a bed, count towards exercise.