 Those personal characteristics including all those which we have so covered and plus the motivation is affecting their behavior, their attitude, their personality and how they behave, how they did make the decisions. So, we better understand this concept of motivation well. If we want to understand the other topics when we will be going to a group dynamicism, we will be working together and ultimately to organizational level when we will talk about how organizations are working and what kind of difference they can create in the real world. So, what is motivation basically a state of mind, desire, energy or interest that translate into action so that is the motivation right. What is your motivation to study here, similarly another definition can be motivation the inner drive that direct a person what behaviors toward goal, so what is motive for you to study this course, what are the motives okay, there must be some good motives there and those motives are may be it depend again vary from person to person, some people go because they want to get good education, some people are looking ahead step ahead they want to have a good job, some people to go for study because they see without education they cannot differentiate between right and wrong, so whatever motive is there your goal directed basically those motive will the inner when you are deprived of something right, which is up to those direction we are going to another let us see another definition, you can see the slide the process that account for an individual intensity, direction and persistence of efforts toward attaining a goal, a very important three words here key elements in this definition are intensity, how hard a person try, the harder it will work mean more motivation there, what about direction toward you must have that your effort should be directed towards certain goal, now you see you can use this part of the this definition of motivation for your organization benefit, because you want to make sure that all your employees are working towards specific goal, so the more the motivation there is the more chances are that those provided if you keep other thing constant yes that your that effort the persistence the intensity of that effort will be directed toward the goal and the last part is persistence and how long a person tries, so three parts in intensity, direction and persistence, so these three are basic element which in this Robin book he has described it very important when we are talking about the motivation, now why do we care about motivation, one thing is of course when we are talking about individual that is a part of that individual personality, the individual's behavior aspect of the function is a person and environment that person's motivation is playing very vital role, but look at the organization point of view look at this slide you might have already seen it in the when we are talking about the human resource management, the performance in any organization we are talking about performance right, performance of individuals, performance of group, performance of organization, they say that performance is the function of what ability, motivation and opportunity, now all three these components are very important, the ability, the motivation and opportunity, let us put them in the mathematical model, when we are saying it performance is the function of these three things, so if you do not have any motivation for a particular job, you might have a good ability for that knowledge and skills, you might be getting good opportunity, but if your motivation level is 0, the whole performance will go 0, so similarly other things, so when we are talking about the ultimate the performance thing the motivation is playing the vital role there, but let us try to understand the process of motivation, again this slide you have already seen it, I am not trying to bring the same old slides couple of those, so that you should again recall those things, this is a situation, see starting from the need, need of what some more money, more money for unexpected medical expenses, every day you do not know what will happen tomorrow, you might be needing for your own medical expenses, are you family members, suddenly this new thing is there, now what is the intensity, what is the consistency basically here, how much important it is for you and in our society especially in our culture again, if you are talking about your family they become more important for you, so you have to arrange that money, now how much effort you can put, it depends, how intense the need is, now let us see desperately need the money to meet the extra expenses of medical bill for yourself or for your family, now what will be the course of action, what will be the direction, now your it will come up, the goal directed behavior will be there, now what are the options, option can be if you have choice you can work for extra time, our time, so that you can make extra money, if you do not have that choice available, you might look for some other jobs, ok, morning time I will work here, evening time, in my later time I am not going to spend at home or enjoy or play, I will go and work somewhere else evening, ok and try to earn more money, so that I should meet that particular need of extra money for the medical expenses or for any purpose for that sake, let us see if it is not also working, you are not getting a chance to go and work for another organization, what option do you have now, you might ask for the loan and your focus will be now goal directed behavior to get a loan, if it is not working what else is there and even people can steal it, though it is not a good thing, but see how it depend what kind of need is there, how intense, how much intense that is, how much desperate you are to fulfill that particular need, so either the alternative whatever direction you whatever goals you have, so your behavior will be goal directed toward those available options and more the drive the maximum effort you will put, the more the need is there, the more you are going to put extra effort there, I see your motivation level will be high and high more, so it will goal basically it is goal directed behavior then, so let us assume you are getting any option, you might be getting a raise, you might be getting our time, you might be able to you might be able to get a job, evening time and that is how you are able to achieve that goal of earning extra money, so that you should be able to pay for extra medical bills and see the how the process of this need related motives motivations were kind of directing your goals, directing your efforts toward a goal achieving behavior, so that is how this motivation work, that is how those needs they will shape up your kind of behavior toward a specific goal and today we are going to discuss two need based theories because if you are following the Robin book there is complete chapter on different theories, I will try to just focus on couple of them today and then is next lecture maybe we will try to discuss more, I know when we are talking about theories or history or these type of thing it becomes sometime boring, but still we have to understand what was our relationship, how these things were evolved and that try to understand the basic concept and philosophies, fine with you? Let us see the phases of motivational process and we will talk about with reference to the organization set of the work behavior, imply identify needs first thing of course when you are deprived of something that is how the inner restlessness starts and that is how you are directed towards certain goal achievements, so need is felt and you search for satisfying these those needs from alternators, how can I get this like in previous example we discussed for the need for extra money to pay the extra medical bills, the third part is imply select goal directed behavior, okay this is the best option I can have, I can get an extra job or I should go for borrowing the money or whatever as we discussed in the previous example and then you go and do it like if you are you have picked that I am going to go for evening shift job somewhere extra for extra earning you will do that and then imply receive either reward or punishment, if your action was toward positive thing and you have performed as per the requirement you will get the reward and your need will be satisfied those basic driver your motive is basically there and if it is other way around your motive or negative you might be getting punishment and then the last step is again imply reassess need deficiency and then maybe next day, next time now you will be having a different deficiency, now it is not the money maybe it is a recognition you want to have the recognition it might be that you want to have the status you want to go for the next stage, it might be that you want to have the transfer that you should get a job position in some particular areas and so on, see that is how every time you go around and you reassess your need deficiencies you pick the identify your need deficiency and you again search for alternatives go for the best choice do it get the consequences like reward or punishment and then this is this is the whole cycle and thrust behind all this whole process is the basically the motives what motives do you have and again it relate with the intensity of the lead