 Well, hello Tansi Meo Ponepite Gisgao Hello, good afternoon. My name is to Kawis Nobis. I'm Plains Cresolto of the George Gordon First Nation, which is in Saskatchewan, Canada and I am the founder and executive director of Great Plains Action Society. We are a 100% led indigenous social and climate justice organization working in Iowa and eastern Nebraska and frankly, we do work throughout the Great Plains as well and a lot of national work with many national coalitions working on climate land and healing justice issues and I want to thank you for being here today and honoring us with your attentiveness while we discuss how indigenous folks are pushing back at big egg through the revitalization of indigenous first foods from like farm to table and Today our panel consists of indigenous folks working in various aspects of the food sovereignty and first foods realm Foxy one feather is Chichumeka of the Guanajuato from Guanajuato, Mexico and grew up here in Oakland She's a first food steward who has created gardens at the lower brool reservation and also here in Oakland Anthony warrior is Shawnee and the owner and operator of warriors plate catering and consulting in Nebraska and caters all over the Great Plains and Shelly Buffalo is Misquaki and a decolonial pathfinder who has coordinated the Misquaki first food sovereignty initiative and a Seedkeeper who has collaborated on several seed rematuration projects and so These are our Experts today that we're going to be hearing from but first I'm going to introduce I guess the reason for this panel, which is colonial capitalist farming practices and Talk about how experts like our panelists are working to solve This problem that has been created not just for indigenous peoples But for our earth and for all of us all living things living on on this earth So I don't know if any of you know this fact, but it's it is a very important fact to start off with according to the USDA Who shared a study found in rural America of all private U.S. Agricultural land whites account for 96% of the owners 97% of the value and 98% of the acres so this was published in 2002 But when you do further research into this you'll find that that number hasn't really changed much and also what that statistic tells us is that There's a correlation between what is happening in farming right via big egg colonial capitalist farming practices and The people who are carrying it out right so basically it is in a colonial invaders colonial settlers that have Implemented these practices that has got us to where we are right now And indigenous practices are basically the antithesis to this type of farming and so That's why we're here today so we can talk about that Because what happens in the process of colonization is The a theft of land and resources and then during that That aspect of it right during well during the whole process of colonization You have to mitigate the local population through you know either annihilation assimilation enslavement You know those those very violent means and and so That's actually what's happened to the land as well, right? the land itself has been Has gone through a very violent process Here in the US and Turtle Island and frankly all over the world right now Indigenous peoples make up 3% of the world's population, but they are protecting 80% of the world's biodiversity and so In the farming and ranching states of the Midwest such as Iowa and Nebraska Missouri and Kansas The push to oust and kill indigenous peoples for the land was severe and violent And I'm going to use Iowa as an example for this talk because Iowa is basically ground zero for big egg It is the most biologically colonized state in the country and the never one contributor to the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico So big egg really has taken over, but it's not just big egg I mean it really is colonial capitalist farming practices, which is sad to say but also something that we would say the family farmer also practices right so Iowa used to transition from Woodland at the Mississippi River to Oak Savannah and marshland and then to tall grass prairie so 80% of Iowa actually used to be tall grass prairie and as we know tall grass prairie Harnesses and sequesters a lot of carbon with roots 8 to 12 feet deep and it used to be as biologically diverse as some of our rainforests However, now it's as biologically diverse as a desert And This is a result of Over over use of land Like almost like maniacal use of land Turning crops over faster than you can you know imagine and You know so what we have just a ton of pesticides being sprayed which are frankly made up of petroleum products You know herbicides fertilizers and animal waste because we have a lot of KFOs and Big egg likes to tell us that spring pig waste is a form of fertilizer on our fields So there are folks in parts of Iowa and Nebraska and you know just the these states that are actually suffering from Really strange diseases because of that So, you know, we've got an issue with ethanol we have an issue with KFO is concentrated animal feed operations There are 15,000 of them in Iowa and Kim Reynolds the governor thinks we have room for 35,000 more There are 40 million pigs in Iowa and 3 million people and You know for instance, we could rematriate about 9 million acres of that land to back to tall grass prairie but right now we have a welfare system going on where farmers will like Plant like right up to a riverbank or on slopes over 9% or in marshland because if it The crops don't come through which they won't right Because of flooding and slopes they get some insurance on it. So You know, Iowa is not being utilized the way it should be utilized It's the only state that is bordered by the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers, which makes it super unique And not just Iowa, but like I'm just I'm using Iowa as our example But like Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska You know, South Dakota leave this whole area of the world the Great Plains is essentially exceedingly biologically modified and so We at Great Plains Action Society We are fighting, you know, big egg with drone footage actions, you know Working to change oppressive legislation like egg eggs or implement good legislation like factory farm moratoriums and basically working hard to educate the public About the consequences of colonial capitalist farming and the propaganda that is very far-reaching And so, you know big egg colonizes land and commodified food systems for ultimate profit And and as I said earlier indigenous pathways For food growth do not as PLPL mox mox chief of the Walla Walla said in 1855 Goods and the earth are not equal goods are for using on the earth. I do not know where they have given land for goods So as we're working hard our org to push back politically at big egg there are the very important indigenous culture bearers and ecological experts that are implementing the resurgence of first foods and food sovereignty and practices and Currently putting into practice what PLPL mox mox said a hundred and seventy years ago. So That's our intro and this is why we're here today To listen to the experts and I would like to introduce foxy one feather to Go next Nice to be here So I guess I will start by saying that I come from a family of more considered immigrants from Mexico But we weren't immigrants. We were migrants. We migrate everywhere before the border was there and so with that being said With that being said my grandparents were field workers. My parents were field workers and I worked in the field when I was younger and My mom worked really hard to keep me out of the fields, but I just couldn't I was always in the dirt and So she had a garden and with that I started growing food and started teaching my daughters how to grow food Then I relocated to Oakland when I was younger and saw that there was no community gardens The most of the places that we live either had a balcony or just windows So I started planting my gardens indoors Then my neighbors started noticing that I was having fruits and vegetables and then we I started showing them how to do it And then we started trading and I eventually got another place that had something maybe this big started planting there and then down the street there was an older Asian woman that came over with a basket one day and She had vegetables and we didn't speak the same language But she walked up and just kind of like this showed me this and it should point at some of the stuff I had in the garden and we traded and from that day forward I would come back and there would be a basket of vegetables and you know, she came and took vegetables from there So fast forward to 2016 There was this big call to go to Stanley Rock and I went one way to get Stanley Rock And I thought how can I help these people? Maybe I'll go help in the kitchen That didn't work out. So anyway Fast forward to after Stanley Rock. I end up in Eagle View and there was a garden there Space for a garden a woman was getting ready to plant but she couldn't commit So I said well, I don't have anything else to do. I'll stay and help So when I did the research when I first got there and we started planting I was thinking like what would they need and when I went to the local trading post there was Nothing available for them. So I thought well, they kind of need everything So we planted and planted from seed. I had people come and say you can't grow from seed here and Literally everything in the garden flourished and from that year forward We were there for three seasons donated everything that we grew to the local community and Were able to teach them how to grow their own food how to prepare dry it how to can it and then they would prepare it for the community meetings later on and I think I kind of felt like there that it was really bad because they had to travel 45 minutes to and from stores They had to give gas money. They were like two dollar cucumbers and it's still like that, you know, it's like that in Iowa It's like that out here out here. The difference is they have liquor stores everywhere else and out there They don't have any kind of stores and I think one of the biggest things we need is access to land and we need access to Transportation a lot of the times because a lot of the people on the reservations can't get from one place to the community gardens and Yeah, I don't know. I just I'm not sure what else to really talk about But the fact that we really do need help and reintroducing our foods to our people We need to start teaching them how to grow their own food again their own cultural food that they're traditional foods and People like this wonderful chef here can show them how to prepare it There's a high rate of diabetes a high rate of heart disease Because of all the commands because of the powdered eggs the canned meat the big block of beautiful cheese that we love But it's so unhealthy for us and I am just passionate about reintroducing our foods back to our people And ending food deserts and ending food deserts period This is destroying the earth all this tilling and all the dust in the air Everything is joined destroying the earth and we need to really start helping our people So you've been working on some gardens here in Oakland as well Yeah, and we have we go around and we kind of ask people What they need and most of the time they don't have locations to plant so we donate Packages with pots and if it's the spring then we give them seedlings If not, then we give them stuff for the following year tiny little packages little tools. I provide books I provide journals I provide pens document everything trial and error and I do it here I we actually try to do it wherever we go. We try to reach out to the local community But Oakland definitely is especially with gentrification. They're losing a lot of their space And so I I think sometimes we forget about the urban natives too because a lot of urban neighbors don't have Reservations or don't have places to call home. Well 70% of our people live on don't live on the reservation They were I mean foxy's work foxy and her husband Alton one father Their work is as grassroots as it gets. I mean they don't have you know Their own org or even name for like what it is. They do and Great Plains Action Society We do what we can to you know support that work We just still haven't gotten to the point where we can you know provide like what we'd love to provide And that is like, you know full-time salaries and and and resources So that they can flourish and and bring this like really truly vital experience To our people and not just our people, but frankly everybody everybody needs to learn how to Next we're gonna hear from Anthony warrior Beautiful word right really difficult to say once in a while, but that's a Shawnee language And it means I hope you are all in good health. So that's my blessing and first of all young coa big Thank you of all these events here. That's so cap is a loudest this little 45 minutes to kind of express it to you You guys come to join us. That's a lot This is the first steps in these in these ventures that we're looking for so through this process of these days myself I'm absentee Shawnee. I'm from Oklahoma twice removed three times removed We originally know how river valleys and you know how this kind of process worked over the years If you don't know native history, I encourage you to look through it. Not all of us experienced the same atrocities some of us really took a lot of different tactics to avoiding Being eliminated and hence to where we are now today. I'm gonna let you know in 25 years of cooking I was in healthcare. I was an LPN. I worked in the hospitals. I watched people in front of me die I watched them come in as young as 45 55 experienced heart attacks. They were dying of high blood pressure diabetes I myself from a diabetic. Okay, I'm also a dick a very big addict and what I mean by I suffer from addiction I suffer from a food addiction. All right addiction food addiction is just as severe as Alcohol or drugs the body's release of chemical to be able to make your body want more and more more of something I shouldn't be 320 pounds Free to lay makes me that way. All right, so I love my chips The thing is being a chef over all these years. I followed a food guy. I followed nutrition value That was put upon on our nutrition value. I was an elder service I was in casinos and I worked for 20 or for 10 casinos across the United States include a morongo New York. I was an aquasazi. I was Seneca. These are large casinos right in Niagara Falls. I was there I was also in Oklahoma. I was in Florida at these casinos Native one casinos, but guess what 25 years not one single native casino. What not one single native chef? Okay, so I'm not saying that's our role in life But when it came to navigating the foods that were available to us and these casinos how many here can name a native ingredient Right anybody? native ingredient Okay, wild rice anybody else A corns anybody I want to hear from my other side, okay But seriously, you know for our non-native Educators, that's one of my roles here is to kind of drop a little bit of seed that may be developed 10 10 years from now five years from now in your efforts to be able to see where this global Impact in this environment issues are coming from 60% of the Americas produce has saved the world Irish potatoes tomatoes all these things that were sent over Overseas corn polenta. How many Italians love your polenta, right? So a lot of these products were sent across the world from the Americas But when we come over here big Ag has put us down to how many crops? To right and I heard on NPR because I live in Nebraska and when you fly over Nebraska, what do you see? All right, there's not much trees right big squares when you fly over South Dakota when you fly over Iowa big squares, right? And now the worst part about it's pivots right in the middle of it And we're on the largest aquifer in the world, right? So all that ground water is coming up But anyway, we'll go into that more later corn and soybeans right and the corn in the fields You can't eat it the soybeans in the field you can't eat it We're in a food desert and if you've ever been to a reservation how many of our people here been to a reservation? Okay, 50 miles to drive there nine miles off the main highway nine miles back and Jobs are probably about 120 miles out of way round trip Minimum the problem is when I came in the cooking. I was told It was wrong it was very wrong and because of that my family We all suffered my grandmother my grandfather deteriorated at the age of 60 feet cut off arms cut off And my grandkids or my kids didn't get to meet them. They died too early my my uncles my aunties They died too early. They didn't get to see our family circle our circle of life, you know the lion king Both of them come up, you know that kind so through that time and a hundred and twenty years of removal We knew the best way to destroy people and that's to get rid of their food systems to make them unhealthy To put them on places and give them food that they're supposed to eat Don't leave this reservation to go hunt. Don't go get your food. We're going to give it to you and you stay right here So in a hundred and twenty-five years, I gave this knowledge yesterday 1924 the Americans became citizens of this country 1924 because Yeah, so 63 62 was when we gained our voting rights. All right, so that's kind of a Big push for me as a native chef. I Have make an admission for me on all these reservations of all these people that have traveled to find foods That we once had in the area foraging natural farming practices, not all of us were farmers We had trade routes amongst these rivers and you can find these villages Mitchell, South Dakota They have corn from Mexico. You can find up in the mountains up in Ohio Relics from South America. We had trade systems here that very packed with commerce packed with food And we had salts. We had natural sugars We had all these things that was at our discretion and our alliances our commerce and our worth was built down there Strip it all away and give us commodities We die So that's where we're at today. My purpose is to take all these ingredients. I'm sourcing I'm finding and I'm working with collaborative co-ops on these reservations off the reservations inner cities and what I'm doing is I'm creating a food lab Anybody know chef Sean Sherman sue chef. Okay, he brought us to the front 25 years of work and he get he got a James Beard award I'm jealous right I was working in farmstead with chef. She was feeling when he got his and now this guy passed me So But we're here we're now here and identification of medical mental illness is linked to food I Did the indigenous people summit this year in Omaha. I cooked for him. I did a presentation the leading diabetic Consultant out of DC came into my kitchen I want to hear your story again about your diabetes because I dropped from 14.1 a1c Down to a 5.9 in 90 days. No meds He says my doctor says you don't do that. You you lose one point in 90 days How did you do 14.1? So I told him my story of how I did it He comes back to me the leading guy out of Washington. So I want to introduce myself I'm leading diabetic consultant for the United States and I says are you speaking to me as corporate or he speaks to me as a Person he goes I want to speak to you as a person. I can't say this He says diabetes is curable diabetes is preventable, but I can't say that He says but people like you can lead that so my efforts from that point forward was what I did on myself What I did with the elders in the Santee Dakota area to challenge them to eat better Whole products not farm products not not the stuff you see in the stores But actually natural products my elders started dropping their a1c's immediately Just with eating whole foods and knocking out all the foods we have on our shelves The last thing I want to include with is pushing forward in these I can take two more minutes That means five If you ever in the kitchen the chef says two minutes, you'll get it five minutes. So Some of the things that that we're doing right now is spying these cooperants I was just in Wisconsin drove all the way to Omaha gotta fly got here I spent three days out there helping them harvest helping them cook their ingredients that they're coming pulling out of the fields and The there's like 200 varieties of corn that was here in the States And we've isolated ourselves to that beautiful little sweet corn, right? So one of our elders once said that the the American farmer has learned how to take something edible and make it inedible So it's a lot of truth to that But with my efforts to take these collaborative Efforts from these reservations from New York to California. I would like to have these growers Supply me with product. I don't want to go to Cisco. I don't want to go to these big name companies I want to I want a native cooperative of how we can pull our resources if I open up those trade routes once again So I can start building for the Indian Health Services qualified and fabricated menus that were indigenous to their region of their people we talk about genetic modification a lot of these tribes Have been in their regions for thousands of years We're only 120 years removed before reservation systems were implemented and some of us a little bit longer But over that time for thousands of years compared to that one little bit of 120 To implement that food back into their food systems that their bodies recognize the spiritual aspect of our food is we have many Ceremonies of many tribes that commemorate our food spiritually when you're born you're given a feast When you die you're given a feast During the middle of the year we give fees for our elders and we put on those tables the foods that our elders recognized If not, we put Cheetos on there We put all these hamburgers on there our elders over there are gonna snub us right they look like like kids do yeah They want food we need food our kids need our food and we need to relearn that put our bodies back into the natural balance that it Once was so these efforts have been done for 25 years 25 years of my time seed gallery planting methods Government funding grant funding hits. We're all happy and then it dies And we lose all that effort Happens again Then it dies. It's non-sustainable So with a cooperative collaborative of pushing back on these ancient farmlands that are rich that they're monocropping If we can start to figure out how we can get to the point of negotiating land buybacks within in the land act Of was 1926 They they took a native a native reservation They put a non-native here a native here so there's nothing continuous with the land So now we have to buy back our own land to try these efforts and of course money drives everything But that food was our commerce That food is what we use for trade We'll never get back to that But the efforts that we're going to push forward to try to sustain these efforts again Or the overall health wellness of it is Important for me and my drive and many other chefs that are coming up and in the ranks I think I'm gonna get a little too old to stay on my feet all day But these young kids giving that knowledge not wisdom. I'm not gonna take up too much of your time We got another but the last thing I have for you again the last last thing Is the fact that Once we get these efforts off the road off the ground I believe there's a niche and people that are health conscious enough to want to learn what proper seed And corn bean squash All of our food once had as far as nutrition value To be able to to sustain yourselves And to be able to lead to health we we have a concept It's called food in the womb when a mother feeds her baby while the baby's in the womb that food Is it Oh The food in the womb actually Chemically creates the baby's mentality the process for the brain the process on reservations depression suicide Health issues fetal alcohol syndromes all these things that are affecting our children are not leading to our future leaders And they're not allowing our families to be a circle anymore. We lost that So now we're going to start working back towards that Feeding in the womb all the way to the day we put that food on the table for our elders So, you know, thank you for allowing me to express myself any questions, please catch me. Thank you so much, Anthony Basically to summarize I think what Anthony's saying is that um, you know a fiscal investment into What folks Like these folks are doing or what people are doing like right here ecological traditional ecological ecological knowledge You're getting a return of like healthy food and a better life So just ask yourself what wealth means to you and what what that actually is in the long run And so our next speaker is shelly buffalo Take it away. Shelly. Alrighty. I'm gonna start my timer and stick to it Always lead by example So, yeah, like I'll follow his example instead So, um, thank you everybody for attending this session There's something that I noticed and I'm gonna call out and that's um, I think we Our session has been put in a hallway And um, and I just want to say like I think that's um, very telling Because um, indigenous leaders are not supported. We're not funded. We do so much of this work Um overextending ourselves constantly Sometimes at the cost of our health and our families, right? Because we are not funded because we are not supported and um, the interesting thing about that is that the indigenous impact On food systems on climate change on the protection of of land water and air is is is incredible And so the fact that um, our session is in a hallway. I mean, I think it's this is a hallway um, and not in the largest auditorium at At this event and attended by hundreds of people Interested in how they can invest in us. This is very telling. So I'm gonna say this um, I just saw in grist magazine the 2021 COP 26 climate chain conference pledged 1.7 billion dollars to support indigenous efforts to protect Their rights and land So only 17 percent of this money actually went to indigenous people um, indigenous leaders were not consulted in the design of the pledge um So the large organizations take their cuts what trickles down to indigenous hands is nominal um, and uh indigenous women in particular Receive less roughly five percent And quite honestly, I can say this from experience that indigenous women Are doing the bulk of the work because not only are we doing this advocacy? Not only are we doing this? grass roots, um like in Literally in the dirt growing the food. We are also providing the care for our families for our communities and Completely unsupported once again And often, uh, you know, unfortunately the same thing happens at the tribal government level Please remember that the tribal government systems were systems put in place by the Bureau of Indian Affairs And they were designed to supplant our traditional leadership systems, which were systems complicated systems very complex systems that That ensured democracy ensured a that The you know food and and and other needs were distributed in ways that cared for those that needed it the most And there was equal representation amongst, you know, all of the members of of Any given community So the bia supplanted our our traditional leadership systems with tribal councils and and it You know, it's the thing of it is is that you know, I do believe that tribes really are trying their best To serve their people problem is is that that system is incredibly inefficient. It's incredibly bureaucratic When I was food sovereignty coordinator for the muskwaki tribe Um, I received a 300 000 grant. Well the the food sovereignty program received a 300 000 grant And uh I think that we were left with Perhaps less than a third of that to actually um to actually contribute to A building capacity in our program a percentage of that a big percentage of that just went to What is it? You know the management or whatever. What is it called administration? Thank you to admin And then another percentage just went to pay for our our Salaries and um A couple other numbers out there to kind of throw at you here um another thing to problem with um Doing this work within uh, you know the tribal government Is that these days, uh I don't know, you know What I found at home is is there's so much focus on Um profit like what's gonna what's gonna, you know be the next casino basically what's going to be the next cash cow When I I personally, you know my my strong strong belief is that if we invest in community Then um You know the economy is going to follow You know really foundational To communities into building any type of wealth like let's get beyond even thinking about monetary wealth because after all Money is just it's not real. It's an idea. It's an imaginary idea that we just all agree on I I don't agree on it, but you know, that's the system we have to work With right now, and I think eventually we're going to have to get away from it Especially because there is you know an amassing of wealth In the hands of a few And at the cost of many Um, so unfortunately, um, you know tribal governments, it's just it's bogged down by bureaucracy lateral, you know Sometimes like, you know some lateral stuff going on nepotism Inefficiencies and lack of accountability. So honestly, um, you know food systems rebuilding the the local food systems really has to You know come from You know grassroots organizations that are working partnering with tribal governments, but working outside of them because Um, honestly, like we just don't have any time to waste right now We really don't I feel it in my body just this constant urgency and vibration that like Um, the shit has already hit the fan and from an indigenous lens I have to say that um, and I I talked to um Our tribal historian jonathan buffalo. Um, I was just like jonathan. Are we you know, um Like are we as indigenous people I feel like we are in the apocalypse like we are Experiencing the apocalypse and he's like no actually that happened, uh, uh, you know during you know, uh when when Um colonization started colonization was the apocalypse. He said we are in the post apocalypse This is what we are experiencing. This is what I feel in my body and um So I have to say that like, you know, I only have two spoons Most of my I don't know if you you know know about the the spoon theory Especially with disabilities Um, but like most of my spoons are just used to cope Right from this anxiety From complex PTSD So I want to say about investment. I want to say this So first off like I think like anybody approaching tribal food systems and and tribal economies and rebuilding of community from a um, you know An investment standpoint where they're looking to get a return on their investment Are you looking to get a monetary return because um You're managing these huge wealthy portfolios, right? And the return already happened the return hat started 500 years ago Where most you know in in that process the bulk of the nation's wealth was amassed in the hands of a few people You already got your financial returns, right? Um, you already have all of the money. I don't know why you think you're you know It's okay to make money off of us And really your investment what your return is going to be is in the restoration Of the health of the wellness And the wholeness We're old that I want to say something about ppi loans ppi loans. I can't remember the number but um As billions of dollars were forgiven in ppi loans in spite of widespread fraud So why not give forgivable loans? To grassroots food sovereignty efforts You know forgivable loans that builds in some accountability, right? You know But if if they stick the course You know make it forgivable That's way more accountability than those ppi loans and um Another thing instead of food desert. So desert is a naturally occurring, you know, it's It's actually deserts are incredibly rich with bio diverse Biodiversity undisturbed deserts deserts whose ecosystems and peoples are intact But what we what we experience and whether we're you know out in the rural area out on Reservations for muskwaki. We have a settlement or if you're an urban you know Underserved population what it is. It's food apartheid. So it's it's systemic. It's by design And um Yeah, I know it's time's up. I promise myself I would just Take a minute So take a minute to wrap it up. So So much to say So, um, I think like, you know what I would like to I would like to be funded. I really would like to be funded um, I have um, I have been Used and abused by uh, predominantly white organizations to able to you know tokenize so that they could get funding um, I have been um extracted from and um, I'm done with that like don't approach me with that extraction in your heart Unfortunately, that's the waters we're swimming in because that is capital colonialist. Um That's just how it operates. So A lot of us really if we're really dedicated to this We have a lot of work to do within ourselves And we have to think about that indoctrination in Instructive extractive behavior towards each other and before and and towards all of life on earth and mother earth herself and um I don't know. I would like to I would like to build incubator farms I would like to build maker space And I am working on a BIPOC bill of rights to prevent that type of um tokenism and extraction from BIPOC folks that are partnering with nonprofits. Thank you So, um, the point of this panel obviously, uh, is to to just show or to discuss how you know, uh, indigenous foodways, uh, indigenous traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous ideologies are truly the antithesis to colonial capitalist farming practices Um, and if we implement them if we invest in them, we can curb the climate crisis and introduce a regenerative economy Basically what it comes down to um is because I'm not a a businessy person I'm an executive director of a small nonprofit And it's just about land back and that's the system that I want to say to you just just keep that in mind Just keep land back in your mind Um, and know that uh, almost 100 percent of agriculture cultural land in this country is owned by white people and look at what Conditions the land is and because of that. So just keep that in mind and thank you so much for coming here today